全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1711篇 |
免费 | 73篇 |
国内免费 | 10篇 |
专业分类
儿科学 | 24篇 |
妇产科学 | 25篇 |
基础医学 | 200篇 |
口腔科学 | 15篇 |
临床医学 | 139篇 |
内科学 | 427篇 |
皮肤病学 | 18篇 |
神经病学 | 82篇 |
特种医学 | 49篇 |
外科学 | 252篇 |
综合类 | 4篇 |
一般理论 | 1篇 |
预防医学 | 31篇 |
眼科学 | 13篇 |
药学 | 208篇 |
肿瘤学 | 306篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 12篇 |
2022年 | 14篇 |
2021年 | 28篇 |
2020年 | 20篇 |
2019年 | 14篇 |
2018年 | 34篇 |
2017年 | 25篇 |
2016年 | 21篇 |
2015年 | 34篇 |
2014年 | 40篇 |
2013年 | 62篇 |
2012年 | 107篇 |
2011年 | 108篇 |
2010年 | 50篇 |
2009年 | 49篇 |
2008年 | 90篇 |
2007年 | 104篇 |
2006年 | 108篇 |
2005年 | 112篇 |
2004年 | 113篇 |
2003年 | 91篇 |
2002年 | 113篇 |
2001年 | 40篇 |
2000年 | 49篇 |
1999年 | 53篇 |
1998年 | 27篇 |
1997年 | 25篇 |
1996年 | 16篇 |
1995年 | 10篇 |
1994年 | 7篇 |
1993年 | 14篇 |
1992年 | 12篇 |
1991年 | 19篇 |
1990年 | 13篇 |
1989年 | 16篇 |
1988年 | 12篇 |
1987年 | 13篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 11篇 |
1983年 | 5篇 |
1980年 | 5篇 |
1979年 | 10篇 |
1978年 | 4篇 |
1977年 | 4篇 |
1972年 | 5篇 |
1970年 | 5篇 |
1969年 | 9篇 |
1968年 | 7篇 |
1966年 | 8篇 |
排序方式: 共有1794条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
61.
Shun Takahashi Naoki Kondo Yasufumi Kijima Rika Kakutani Hajime Ishikawa Hiroyuki Kawashima 《Clinical Case Reports》2022,10(2)
Herein, we present two cases of older adult patients with highly destructive changes in ankle joints (Larsen grade IV) who underwent retrograde intramedullary ankle nail fixation with fins. In both patients, bony union was achieved, and full weight‐bearing was attained at 3 months after surgery. 相似文献
62.
63.
Kobayashi H Yoshida R Kanada Y Fukuda Y Yagyu T Inagaki K Kondo T Kurita N Suzuki M Kanayama N Terao T 《Journal of cancer research and clinical oncology》2005,131(8):527-538
Purpose: The Basidiomycete fungus Agaricus blazei Murill has traditionally been used as a health food for the prevention of cancer. Methods: We examined whether beta-(1–6)-D-glucan extracted from A. blazei is a potential anticancer agent in an in vitro and in vivo animal model. Results: Here we show that (1) beta-glucan had cytotoxic effect against human ovarian cancer HRA cells, but not against murine Lewis lung cancer 3LL cells, in vitro; (2) beta-glucan promotes p38 MAPK activity for suppressing HRA cell proliferation and amplifying the apoptosis cascade; (3) beta-glucan stimulates translocation of the proapoptotic protein, Bax, from the cytosol to mitochondria, cytochrome c release, and subsequent caspase-9 activation; (4) treatment with SB203580, a p38 MAPK-specific inhibitor, suppresses beta-glucan-induced effects, indicating that activation of p38 MAPK is involved in the suppression of cell proliferation and mitochondrial activation-mediated cell death pathway; (5) in mice, oral supplementation with beta-glucan reduces pulmonary metastasis of 3LL cells and peritoneal disseminated metastasis of HRA cells and inhibits the growth of these metastatic tumors in lung or peritoneal cavity, in part, by suppressing uPA expression; and (6) in an in vivo experimental metastasis assay, however, the oral supplementation with beta-glucan after i.v. tumor cell inoculation did not reduce the number of lung tumor colonies. Conclusion: Treatment with beta-glucan may be beneficial for cancer patients with or at risk for metastasis. The beta-glucan-dependent signaling pathways are critical for our understanding of anticancer events and development of cancer therapeutic agents. 相似文献
64.
Yasufumi Masaki Hiroshi Kawabata Kazue Takai Masaru Kojima Norifumi Tsukamoto Yasuhito Ishigaki Nozomu Kurose Makoto Ide Jun Murakami Kenji Nara Hiroshi Yamamoto Yoko Ozawa Hidekazu Takahashi Katsuhiro Miura Tsutomu Miyauchi Shinichirou Yoshida Akihito Momoi Nobuyasu Awano Soichiro Ikushima Yasunori Ohta Natsue Furuta Shino Fujimoto Haruka Kawanami Tomoyuki Sakai Takafumi Kawanami Yoshimasa Fujita Toshihiro Fukushima Shigeo Nakamura Tomohiro Kinoshita Sadao Aoki 《International journal of hematology》2016,103(6):686-692
65.
Hidenori Kanazawa Kenichi Utano Shigeyoshi Kijima Takahiro Sasaki Yasuyuki Miyakura Hisanaga Horie Yoshikazu Nakamura Hideharu Sugimoto 《Japanese journal of radiology》2014,32(5):274-281
Objectives
The purpose of this study was to compare the degree of colorectal distention between manual insufflation using room air and automatic insufflation using carbon dioxide for computed tomography colonography performed as a preoperative examination for patients with colon cancer.Materials and methods
Participants comprised 200 patients who underwent computed tomography colonography immediately after colonoscopy from October 2011–2012. The first 100 patients were examined using manual insufflation, and the remaining 100 patients were examined using automated insufflation. Two radiologists independently assessed colorectal distention using a 4-point scale in six segments: cecum, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, and rectum. Mean scores of the two radiologists were used to analyze whether any differences existed between techniques in terms of the degree of distention per segment.Results
Mean distention values for the colonic lumen were better using the automated technique than with the manual technique in both positions (p < 0.05). In segments, distention was significantly better using the automated technique than using the manual technique in the sigmoid and descending colon for prone patients, and in all segments for supine patients.Conclusions
Automated carbon dioxide insufflation offered significantly improved colorectal distention scores compared to manual room air insufflation. 相似文献66.
Yoshiaki?Shinden Akihiro?NakajoEmail author Hideo?Arima Kiyonori?Tanoue Munetsugu?Hirata Yuko?Kijima Kosei?Maemura Shoji?Natsugoe 《World journal of surgery》2017,41(6):1506-1512
Background
Intraoperative identification of the difficult-to-spot parathyroid gland is critical during surgery for thyroid and parathyroid disease. Recently, intrinsic fluorescence of the parathyroid gland was identified, and a new method was developed for intraoperative detection of the parathyroid with an original fluorescent detection apparatus. Here, we describe a method for intraoperative detection of the parathyroid using a ready-made photodynamic eye (PDE) system without any fluorescent dye or contrast agents.Methods
Seventeen patients who underwent surgical treatment for thyroid or parathyroid disease at Kagoshima University Hospital were enrolled in this study. Intrinsic fluorescence of various tissues was detected with the PDE system. Intraoperative in vivo and ex vivo intrinsic fluorescence of the parathyroid, thyroid, lymph nodes and fat tissues was measured and analyzed.Results
The parathyroid gland had a significantly higher fluorescence intensity than the other tissues, including the thyroid glands, lymph nodes and fat tissues, and we could identify them during surgery using the fluorescence-guided method. Our method could be applicable for two intraoperative clinical procedures: ex vivo tissue identification of parathyroid tissue and in vivo identification of the location of the parathyroid gland, including ectopic glands.Conclusion
The PDE system may be an easy and highly feasible method to identify the parathyroid gland during surgery.67.
Neurotoxicity induced by tacrolimus after liver transplantation: relation to genetic polymorphisms of the ABCB1 (MDR1) gene 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Yamauchi A Ieiri I Kataoka Y Tanabe M Nishizaki T Oishi R Higuchi S Otsubo K Sugimachi K 《Transplantation》2002,74(4):571-572
BACKGROUND: Tacrolimus is a substrate of P-glycoprotein (PGP) encoded by the multidrug resistant (MDR)1 gene (ABCB1). PGP, a multidrug efflux pump, restricts the distribution of tacrolimus in the brain. In this study, we investigate the correlation of ABCB1 gene polymorphism with tacrolimus-induced neurotoxicity in patients after liver transplantation. METHODS: The genotype of 6 patients with neurotoxic events and 11 patients without neurotoxic events was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and 8 mutations were detected. In addition to laboratory findings and patient characteristics, the contribution of mutations in the ABCB1 gene was evaluated with stepwise discriminant function analysis. RESULTS: High tacrolimus concentration, liver dysfunction, and mutation at position 2677 in exon 21 were demonstrated as positive predictors of tacrolimus-induced neurotoxicity. CONCLUSION: It is indicated that blood concentrations, liver function, graft weight, and polymorphism in the ABCB1 gene are important factors in tacrolimus-induced neurotoxicity. 相似文献
68.
Faisal Hammad Mekky Koua Yasufumi Umena Keisuke Kawakami Jian-Ren Shen 《Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America》2013,110(10):3889-3894
Oxygen-evolving complex of photosystem II (PSII) is a tetra-manganese calcium penta-oxygenic cluster (Mn4CaO5) catalyzing light-induced water oxidation through several intermediate states (S-states) by a mechanism that is not fully understood. To elucidate the roles of Ca2+ in this cluster and the possible location of water substrates in this process, we crystallized Sr2+-substituted PSII from Thermosynechococcus vulcanus, analyzed its crystal structure at a resolution of 2.1 Å, and compared it with the 1.9 Å structure of native PSII. Our analysis showed that the position of Sr was moved toward the outside of the cubane structure of the Mn4CaO5-cluster relative to that of Ca2+, resulting in a general elongation of the bond distances between Sr and its surrounding atoms compared with the corresponding distances in the Ca-containing cluster. In particular, we identified an apparent elongation in the bond distance between Sr and one of the two terminal water ligands of Ca2+, W3, whereas that of the Sr-W4 distance was not much changed. This result may contribute to the decrease of oxygen evolution upon Sr2+-substitution, and suggests a weak binding and rather mobile nature of this particular water molecule (W3), which in turn implies the possible involvement of this water molecule as a substrate in the O-O bond formation. In addition, the PsbY subunit, which was absent in the 1.9 Å structure of native PSII, was found in the Sr-PSII structure. 相似文献
69.
Yasuyuki Matsushita Yasufumi Kuroda Shinpei Niwa Satoshi Sonehara Chikuma Hamada Isao Yoshimura 《Drug safety》2007,30(8):715-726
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Several statistical methods exist for detecting signals of potential adverse drug reactions in spontaneous reporting databases. However, these signal-detection methods were developed using regulatory databases, which contain a far larger number of adverse event reports than the databases maintained by individual pharmaceutical manufacturers. Furthermore, the composition and quality of the spontaneous reporting databases differ between regulatory agencies and pharmaceutical companies. Thus, the signal-detection criteria proposed for regulatory use are considered to be inappropriate for pharmaceutical industry use without modification. The objective of this study was to revise the criteria for signal detection to make them suitable for use by pharmaceutical manufacturers. METHODS: A model comprising 40 drugs and 1000 adverse events was constructed based on a spontaneous reporting database provided by a pharmaceutical company and used in a simulation to investigate appropriate criteria for signal detection. In total, 1000 pseudo datasets were generated with this model, and three statistical methods (proportional reporting ratio [PRR], Bayesian Confidence Propagation Neural Network [BCPNN] and multi-item gamma Poisson shrinker [MGPS]) for signal detection were applied to each dataset. The sensitivity and specificity of each method were evaluated using these pseudo datasets. The optimum critical value for signal detection (i.e. the value that achieved the highest sensitivity with 95% specificity) was identified for each method. The optimum values were also examined with the adverse events classified into two categories according to frequency. The three original detection methods and their revised versions were applied to a real pharmaceutical company database to detect 173 known adverse reactions of four drugs. RESULTS: The 1000 pseudo datasets consisted of an average of 81 862 reports and 11,407 drug-event pairs, including 1192 adverse drug reactions. The sensitivities of PRR, BCPNN and MGPS methods were 49%, 45% and 26%, respectively, whereas their specificities were 95%, 99.6% and 99.99%, respectively; these sensitivities were unacceptably low for pharmaceutical manufacturers, whereas the specificities were acceptable. The highest sensitivity for each method, obtained by changing critical values and maintaining specificity at 95%, was 44%, 62% and 62%, respectively. When adverse events were classified into two categories, sensitivities as high as 75% for regular events and 39% for rare events were achieved with the revised BCPNN method. The critical values of the information component minus two standard deviations (IC - 2SD) index of the revised BCPNN method were greater than -0.7 for regular events and greater than -0.6 for rare events. The revised BCPNN method yielded 51% sensitivity and 89% specificity for the real dataset. CONCLUSION: A lower critical value may be needed when signal-detection methodology is applied to the spontaneous reporting databases of pharmaceutical manufacturers. For example, it is recommended that pharmaceutical manufacturers use the BCPNN method with IC - 2SD criteria of greater than -0.7 for regular events and greater than -0.6 for rare events. 相似文献