CO2激光镫骨部分切除术

For the efficacy and safety of partial stapedectomy, Co2 laser was used in 44 patients with otosclerosis. Postoperative follow-up (3-12 months) demonstrated that the average hearing gain was 31.7 +/- 8.2 dB, and air-bone conduction gap was within 11.2 +/- 6.6 dB. There was no significant hearing change at 4.000 Hz. The advantages of CO2 laser technique are summarized as follows: convenience for cutting posterior crus, less time needed for penetration of thick footplate or removal of occlusive sclerotic plaque in oval window niche, avoidance of footplate floating, rapid coagulation of residual stapedial artery and absence of instrumentation difficulties in narrow spaces. Our results indicate that CO2 laser provides essential benefits in stapedectomy for otosclerosis.     

喉癌下咽癌患者一级亲属染色体对致突变物的敏感性研究

Several investigations revealed that lymphocytes from patients with head and neck cancers showed a high sensitivity to mutagens. However, whether lymphocytes from healthy blood relatives of the patients were sensitive to mutagen or not had not been reported. This study was aimed to investigate the unknown problem. Mutagen sensitivity was investigated in 116 laryngeal and 38 hypopharyngeal cancer patients, 107 healthy controls, and 30 blood relatives of laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancer patients. Chromosome damage was measured by enumerating mutagen-induced chromatid breaks, the average number of chromatid breaks per cell (b/c value) was used as marker which reflects variable host susceptibility to the action of environmental carcinogens. The b/c values were 0.61 +/- 0.27, 0.66 +/- 0.31, 0.28 +/- 0.12, and 0.45 +/- 0.26 for patients with laryngeal cancer, hypopharyngeal cancer, healthy controls, and blood relatives respectively. A significant difference of b/c value was found between patients and controls (P < 0.01), but not between patients and their blood relatives (P > 0.05). Our findings suggest that genetic predisposition plays an important role in the eitiology of laryngeal and hypopharyngeal cancers. Both patients with laryngeal or hypopharyngeal cancers and their blood relatives should be considered as in high cancer risk.     

庆大霉素致豚鼠前庭毛细胞破坏后再生及功能恢复

为探讨哺乳动物前庭毛细胞破坏后能否再生及前庭功能能否恢复，以豚鼠为研究对象。实验组动物每日给予庆大霉素皮下注射，连续１０天，对照组动物给予等量生理盐水。于停药后的第２、４、１２和２４周分别处死动物，扫描电镜观察发现，停药２周椭圆囊和壶腹嵴毛细胞破坏最明显的区域可见到不成熟的毛细胞纤毛丛，至停药２４周后继续存在。与对照组相比，停药１２周毛细胞密度下降明显（Ｐ〈０．０１），停药后２４周时毛细胞密度较１     

电刺激蝶腭神经节对鼻粘膜血流的调控作用

为了解蝶腭神经节在鼻粘膜血流调节中的作用，应用激光多普勒血流仪观察刺激蝶腭神经节对猫鼻粘膜血流变化的调控作用，结果表明，电刺激一侧蝶腭神经节可以引起双侧鼻粘膜血管扩张，血流增加，并产生喷嚏反应，这种反应依电刺激的强度，频率而异，且与刺激时间有关。     

自适应滤波提取耳蜗微音器电位初探

为解决表面电极引导耳蜗微音器电位的结果中存在刺激伪迹信号的状况，探讨了用自适应滤波处理抵消刺激伪迹信号提取的方法，结果发现：正常耳的ＣＭ较同侧表面电极引导的波形有一定的滞后时间，２ｋＨｚ以上的神经动作电位波形分化明显；３１耳极重度感音神经性聋和１１耳中度或中重度感音神经性聋耳各频率的ＣＭ消失，９耳极重度感音神经性聋和２９中度和中重度感音神经性聋各频率存在较好的ＣＭ波形。提示：不同程度的感音神经性聋     

应用声反射鼻测量计对鼻腔最小横截面积及其位置的测定

为了确定不同年龄组鼻腔最小横截面积及其距前鼻孔的距离，应用声反射鼻测量计对１３５５名健康儿童，少年及成人（３￣８６岁）进行检测，并对儿童、少年的ＭＣＡ、ＤＣＡ值与年龄相关性进行初步探讨。     

钩突组织学与影像学观察

为了对钩突有更深入的认识，在电镜下观察了１５个钩突粘膜的组织结构和３２例患者的鼻部冠状位ＣＴ图像。结果：①在病理情况下，钩突粘膜的结构紊乱，鼻窦炎症越重，钩突粘膜损伤越严重；②钩突有内移、外移、气化、肥大等解剖变异和病理改变。结论：窦口鼻道复合体解剖变异与慢性鼻窦炎／鼻息肉的形成关系密切；对鼻窦炎患者切除钩突，开放筛漏斗有利于改善鼻窦的通气引流；手术前和手术中认真阅读ＣＴ片有助于设计手术方案，防止     

气管颗粒细胞瘤1例报告及文献复习

颗粒细胞瘤（ＧｒａｎｕｌａｒＣｅｌＴｕｍｏｒ，ＧＣＴ）是一种罕见的肿瘤。常发生于舌、皮肤及皮下组织、乳腺等部位。呼吸道ＧＣＴ发生率低，若累及呼吸道则以喉和支气管较多见。原发部位位于气管的ＧＣＴ极少，截止到１９８６年英文文献仅有１０例气管ＧＣＴ报道，国内近１３年未有气管颗粒细胞瘤报道，。本文报道１例３０岁女性气管ＧＣＴ患者，结合文献对气管ＧＣＴ的组织发生、临床表现、病理特点、诊断与鉴别诊断以及治疗方法等问题进行讨论。     

跨声门癌50例观察

为确立一种原发喉室的跨声门癌，选择肿瘤主体以喉室为中心经全喉切除手术的标本５０例，火棉胶包埋，连续切片观察。结果发现①跨声门癌的肿瘤原发部位在喉室，５０例中有Ｔ２３例。②肿瘤以深层浸润为主占９０％（４５／５０），易侵及声门旁间隙（８２％，４１／５０）和甲状软骨（６４％，３２／５０），临床分期与病理分期不符达４８％（２４／５０）。结论：原发喉室的跨声门癌是声门上型癌的一种特殊类型。     

大鼠喉同种异体移植术后组织学观察

为探讨大鼠同种异体喉移植免疫排斥反应发生的时间和发展过程，共实施大鼠喉移植术３１只。其中对照组（ｎ＝１３）：供、受体均为封闭群ＳＤ大鼠，属同系喉移植术。实验组（ｎ＝１８）：供体为封闭群ＳＤ大鼠，受体为Ｗｉｓｔａｒ大鼠，属同种异体移植术。免疫排斥反应开始于术后第３天，表现为受体颈部皮肤肿胀，淋巴结肿大，７天后颈部皮肤硬肿显著，移植物组织水肿，逐渐被纤维结缔组织包裹。相应的组织学变化特点是：术后第３天变化与对照组基本相同，５天后实验组粘膜上皮逐渐出现鳞状上皮化生，固有层和粘膜下层腺体发生萎缩并消失，横纹肌变性坏死，上述各层组织出现进行性淋巴细胞、单核细胞和多形核白细胞浸润，血管纤维素样变性，管壁增厚，管内血栓形成，１４天后喉移植物的正常组织结构被纤维结缔组织和肉芽组织取代，最终出现完全性变性坏死。由此判断了同种异体喉移植免疫排斥反应发生的时间、顺序和程度，为免疫抑制剂的应用及功效评价提供了客观依据。