病理性近视眼的研究进展

通过复习近年来相关文献,对近视眼发生发展机制与形觉剥夺之间的关系进行综合评述。认为近视眼的发生及眼轴延长与形觉剥夺有一定关系,深入研究其相关机制,对近视眼的早期防治具有重要意义。     

口腔黏膜下纤维性变S100蛋白表达

OBJECTIVE: To study the expression of S100 in oral submucose fibrosis(OSF). METHODS: Immunohistochemistry assay was performed on 10 cases of OSF, 10 cases of oral epithelial dysplasia (OED) and 8 cases of normal oral epithelium using monoclonal antibody against S100 protein. RESULTS: S100 did not express in the normal oral muscosal epithelium. The S100 positive nuclear staining was found in 50% of the OSF and OED cases, which was significantly higher than that in the normal oral epithelium (P < 0.05). But the positive staining in the OSF and OED cases had no difference (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: S100 expression is closely related to the development of OSF and OED. The positive staining expression in the OSF and OED cases is the same.     

LONG‐TERM OUTCOME OF ENDOSCOPIC BALLOON DILATION IN OBSTRUCTIVE GASTROINTESTINAL CROHN's DISEASE

Background: Gastrointestinal strictures are the most often and serious complication in Crohn's disease. Because of the frequent postoperative recurrence in Crohn's disease, endoscopic therapy of gastrointestinal stricture is one of the best therapeutic options. Method: The present study sets out the results from a prospective study of endoscopic dilation therapy on 48 Crohn's disease patients with severe gastrointestinal stenoses. All patients who could not undergo endoscopic balloon dilation therapy (EBD) were operated on. Results: Long‐term success was attained in 32 of the 48 patients; cumulative avoidance of surgery after EBD was 86% at one year and 71% at three. Second, the most hazardous factor was recurrent inflammation causing restenosis. Patients who had strictures with oral luminal dilatation and patients with frequent recurrence had a tendency to be operated on. As a complication, perforation occurred in two cases (3.3%). Conclusions: EBD therapy for Crohn's stricture in the gastrointestinal tract is recommended before surgical intervention.     

The significance of a rapid cold hemagglutination test for detecting mycoplasma infections in children with asthma exacerbation.

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Mycoplasma pneumoniae infection is a frequent cause of community-acquired respiratory infections in children and adults. However, standardized, rapid, specific methods for its diagnosis are lacking. The relationship between M. pneumoniae infection and asthma exacerbation has been recently discussed in the literature. We investigated the accuracy of rapid detection of mycoplasma infection by cold hemagglutination test compared to conventional enzyme immunoassays. The clinical characteristics of mycoplasma infection seen during emergent visits in asthmatic children were reviewed. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed medical records of patients with asthma exacerbation visiting the Department of Pediatric Emergency, National Taiwan University Hospital, over a 12-month period. Subjects 2-18 years of age diagnosed with asthma at our outpatient clinic were included in this study. Patients with immunodeficiency, congenital anomalies, neurological diseases and irregular follow-up were excluded. RESULTS: A total of 269 children (174 males and 95 females) with a mean (+/- standard deviation) age of 6.15 +/- 3.08 years were included. The prevalence of asthma exacerbation in regular follow-up patients was 13.4%, and as many as 19.6% of cases (74/378 person-times) required hospitalization. Asthma attacks were most prevalent during December. 126 patients had both rapid cold hemagglutination testing and mycoplasma immunoglobulin M titers determined using acute blood samples drawn in the emergency room; 46 (36.5%) of these patients demonstrated mycoplasma infection. Sensitivity and specificity of the rapid cold hemagglutination test was 78.3% and 41.3%, respectively. The positive predictive value was 43.4%. Comparison of patients with or without mycoplasma infection revealed no differences in gender, age, chest X-ray findings, and most symptoms/signs and laboratory data, except that more signs of fever and auscultatory rales were seen in the non-mycoplasma infection group. CONCLUSIONS: Mycoplasma infections could be an exacerbating factor for asthma, and the rapid cold hemagglutination test should not be a guideline for prescribing macrolides in the emergency room.     

Subclinical hepatic encephalopathy: relationship between neuropsychological deficits and standard laboratory tests assessing hepatic status.

A multivariate analysis of the relationship between biochemical measures of hepatic function and neuropsychological assessments of specific cognitive domains was performed on data obtained from 74 patients with chronic liver disease and subclinical hepatic encephalopathy. Biochemical tests of hepatic protein synthesis correlated significantly with measures of impaired language efficiency, perceptual speed, and psychomotor efficiency. Biochemical indices of impaired processing of nitrogenous compounds correlated with visuopractic deficits. Hepatic blood flow indices correlated with language inefficiency. Interestingly, biochemical measures of hepatic injury did not demonstrate a significant association with any neuropsychological parameter assessed. These results suggest that subclinical hepatic encephalopathy is the consequence of a multifactorial hepatic dysfunction, and that acute hepatic injury, as assessed by elevation of aminotransferases, does not appear to be involved in the pathogenesis of subclinical hepatic encephalopathy.     

传染病研究40年（1955～1995年）

本文综述本校传染病学教研室１９５５～１９９５年间所取得的科研成果。内容包括１０余种传染病与寄生虫病的临床和基础研究，其中以华支睾吸虫病、恙虫病等有广东特色的传染病以及伤寒、痢疾、病毒性肝炎等影响人民健康最普遍的传染病为重点。反映了建国以来各个时期本教研室对防治这些传染病所作的贡献。所取得的成果，相当一部分通过多年来的验证，已获得广大传染病工作者所认同或列为常规，部分已获得部委级奖励。现在重温这些成果，可能起承前启后的意义。     

“鸡皮疙瘩”，非典型肌肤恐怖片

有一套系列恐怖畅销书叫做《鸡皮疙瘩丛书》，意思是故事恐怖到让看书人身上起满鸡皮疙瘩。可是，当你并不觉得寒冷或害怕时身上依然出现鸡皮疙瘩，那就代表着一种并不算恐怖却令许多女生苦恼不已的皮肤问题——毛周角化症。[编者按]     

勃起功能障碍可能是心血管疾病的信号

近期一项调查研究显示，出现勃起功能障碍的老年健康男子可能存在隐性心血管疾病。共有8063名55岁以上无心血管疾病的美国男子参加了该项队列研究，试验初始时4247人具有正常勃起功能。     

重组骨形态发生蛋白-2结合软骨下钻孔治疗犬关节软骨全层缺损的实验研究

目的 研究重组骨形态发生蛋白-2(rhBMP-2)结合软骨下骨钻孔治疗犬关节软骨全层缺损的可行性，为临床应用提供实验依据。方法 依照软骨缺损处理方法的不同将64侧股骨髁随机均分为4组：①结合组：软骨下骨钻孔 胶原海绵吸附rhBMP-2充填软骨缺损；②BMP组：胶原海绵吸附rhBMP-2充填软骨缺损；③钻孔组：单纯软骨下骨钻孔；④对照组：不作处理或单纯用胶原海绵填塞。术后2、4、8、12周取材观察其大体、光镜、透射电镜、免疫组织化学情况。结果 除对照组仅有纤维组织修复外，其余3组均有不同程度的软骨修复，但结合组的修复在组织细胞形态、超微结构、Ⅱ型胶原含量等方面均明显优于其他两组。结论rhBMP-2结合软骨下骨钻孔能有效修复犬膝关节软骨的全层缺损，该技术可行，有望在临床应用。