影响护士有效实施健康教育的因素及对策

护理健康教育的效果受多种因素的制约,护士认知水平、教育态度、整体素养、有效沟通时间及管理者对健康教育的重视程度等直接影响护理健康教育的实际效果,提高管理者对护理健康教育的重视、提高健康教育软硬件投资、合理配置护理人力资源、加强护士健康教育相关知识及技能培训、拓展护理健康教育研究方向,以此来加快我国护理健康教育发展速度,保证护理健康教育的有效实施。     

Optimal design of an antireflection coating structure for enhancing the energy-conversion efficiency of a silicon nanostructure solar cell

In this paper, we present our investigation of the optical and electrical characteristics of silicon solar cells using silicon nanowire, silicon nanocone, silicon nanopillar, and silicon nanopillar/silicon nitride structures, which were obtained by the Ag-assisted electroless etching method and ICP etching with extreme ultraviolet lithography. We introduced the formation mechanism for four kinds of solar cells. We simulated the absorption of four structures for different parameters. Furthermore, we also performed current density–voltage (J–V) characterization of the samples with silicon nitride, which exhibited an improvement of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) in contrast to the samples without silicon nitride. It was found that the properties of trapping light for silicon nitride had a prominent impact on the improvement of the PCE in the silicon nanopillar solar cells.

We introduced ICP method for two kinds of Si-cell arrays: silicon nanocones and nanopillars. Silicon nanowire arrays were prepared by the Ag-assisted chemical etching method. We experimentally demonstrated the J–V characterization of three structures.     

Antibodies against Severe Fever with Thrombocytopenia Syndrome Virus in Healthy Persons,China, 2013

In June 2013, a subclinical infection with severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) was detected in Zhejiang Province, China, prompting seroprevalence studies in 6 districts within the province. Of 986 healthy persons tested, 71 had IgG antibodies against SFTSV. This finding suggests that most natural infections with SFTSV are mild or subclinical.     

Local inhibition of GABA affects precedence effect in the inferior colliculus

The precedence effect is a prerequisite for faithful sound localization in a complex auditory environment, and is a physiological phenomenon in which the auditory system selectively suppresses the directional information from echoes. Here we investigated how neurons in the inferior colliculus respond to the paired sounds that produce precedence-effect illusions, and whether their firing behavior can be modulated through inhibition with gamma-aminobutyric acid （GABA）. We recorded extracellularly from 36 neurons in rat inferior colliculus under three conditions： no injection, injection with saline, and injection with gamma-aminobutyric acid. The paired sounds that produced precedence effects were two identical 4-ms noise bursts, which were delivered contralaterally or ipsilaterally to the recording site. The normalized neural responses were measured as a function of different inter-stimulus delays and half-maximal interstimulus delays were acquired. Neuronal responses to the lagging sounds were weak when the inter-stimulus delay was short, but increased gradually as the delay was lengthened. Saline injection produced no changes in neural responses, but after local gamma-arninobutyric acid application, responses to the lagging stimulus were suppressed. Application of gamma-aminobutyric acid affected the normalized response to lagging sounds, independently of whether they or the paired sounds were contralateral or ipsilateral to the recording site. These observations suggest that local inhibition by gamma-aminobutyric acid in the rat inferior colliculus shapes the neural responses to lagging sounds, and modulates the precedence effect.     

Conjugates of TAT and folate with DOX-loaded chitosan micelles offer effective intracellular delivery ability

The key for better antitumor efficacy is to improve the specificity of antitumor drugs for tumor cells and diminish their cytotoxicity to normal tissues. Targeted nanoparticles as antitumor drug delivery system can resolve this problem. In this study, we prepared folate and TAT (arginine-rich cell-penetrating peptide) modified N-PEG-N′-octyl-chitosan to form the folate/TAT-PEG-OC micelles. Then, the molecular structure, morphology, size distribution and bio-safety of the micelles were characterized. In order to investigate the drug-loading capacity of folate/TAT-PEG-OC micelles, doxorubicin (DOX) was used as model drug to prepare DOX-loaded chitosan micelles. Here, the confocal microscopy was used to evaluate the cellular uptake of DOX/folate/TAT-PEG-OC micelles, while the self-built NIR imaging system was used to evaluate the dynamic behavior of ICG-Der-01/folate/TAT-PEG-OC micelles in vivo. Our results demonstrate that the dual-modified PEG-OC micelles not only have good morphology, uniform size distribution and excellent drug loading capacity, but also show a strong capability for the efficient intracellular uptake and enhanced targeting behaviors in a folate receptor positive tumor model (Bel-7402 human hepatocellular cells). All these results suggest the potential application of folate/TAT-PEG-OC micelles in the targeted diagnosis and therapy to different kinds of folate receptor positive tumors.     

Urinary netrin-1 and KIM-1 as early biomarkers for septic acute kidney injury

Background: Acute kidney injury (AKI) during sepsis is associated with poor outcome. However, diagnosis of AKI with serum creatinine (SCr) level change is neither highly sensitive nor specific. Therefore, identification of novel biomarkers for early diagnosis of AKI is desirable. Aims: To evaluate the capacity of combining urinary netrin-1 and human kidney injury molecule type 1 (KIM-1) in the early diagnosis of septic AKI. Methods: We prospectively recruited 150 septic patients from Jun 2011 to Jun 2013 at Zhejiang Provincial People's Hospital, China. SCr, urinary netrin-1, and KIM-1 levels were recorded at 0, 1, 3, 6, 24, and 48?h of ICU admission and compared between AKI and non-AKI patients. In addition, we investigated the prognostic value of netrin-1 and KIM-1 between non-survivors and survivors in septic AKI patients. Results: SCr levels started to show elevation after 24?h of ICU admission. However, netrin-1 levels increased significantly as early as 1?h, peaked at 3–6?h and remained elevated up to 48?h of ICU admission in septic AKI patients. KIM-1 increased significantly by 6?h, peaked at 24?h and remained significantly elevated until 48?h of ICU admission. Furthermore, we observed significant higher urinary KIM-1 levels at 24?h and 48?h in non-survivors compared to survivors in AKI patients. Conclusions: Our results suggest that both netrin-1 and KIM-1 are clinically useful as early biomarkers in the diagnosis of septic AKI. In addition, persistent elevation of urinary KIM-1 level may be associated with poor prognosis.     

Correction: Interactions between marmatite and bornite during the oxidative dissolution process in abiotic and biotic systems

Correction for ‘Interactions between marmatite and bornite during the oxidative dissolution process in abiotic and biotic systems’ by Yanjun Zhang et al., RSC Adv., 2019, 9, 26609–26618.

Hussnain Ahmed Janjua''s name was incorrectly spelled in the published article; the corrected author list is shown here.The Royal Society of Chemistry apologises for these errors and any consequent inconvenience to authors and readers.     

ICU产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌医院感染危险因素与护理措施

目的总结ICU产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌医院感染的危险因素,为预防与控制产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌流行提供护理依据.方法将ICU的28例产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌感染病例作为观察组,随机抽取同一时期、同病房、同基础疾病28例产超广谱β-内酰胺酶菌阴性病例作为对照组,分析产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌感染的相关危险因素.结果产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌医院感染与患者入住ICU时间长、多次住院、长期使用三代头孢、侵入性操作等因素有关.结论切断病原菌传播途径、缩短患者在ICU的天数、严格控制广谱抗生素应用,是预防产超广谱β-内酰胺酶细菌感染的重要措施.