Effects of 6‐meals‐a‐day feeding and 6‐meals‐a‐day feeding combined with adrenalectomy on daily gene expression rhythms in rat epididymal white adipose tissue

The master clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) is assumed to synchronize the tissue‐specific rhythms of the peripheral clocks with the environmental day/night changes via neural, humoral and/or behavioral connections. The feeding rhythm is considered an important Zeitgeber for peripheral clocks, as daytime feeding reverses (clock) gene rhythms in the periphery, but not in the SCN. In this study, we investigated the necessity of a daily feeding rhythm for maintaining gene expression rhythms in epididymal white adipose tissue (eWAT). We showed that 7 of 9 rhythmic metabolic/adipokine genes, but not clock genes, lost their rhythmicity upon exposure to 6‐meals‐a‐day feeding. Previously, we showed comparable effects of adrenalectomy on eWAT; therefore, subsequently we investigated the effect of simultaneous disruption of these humoral and behavioral signaling pathways, by exposing adrenalectomized animals to 6‐meals‐a‐day feeding. Interestingly, under these conditions, all the clock genes and 10 of 11 rhythmic metabolic/adipokine genes lost their rhythmicity. These data indicate that adrenal hormones and feeding rhythm are indispensable for maintaining daily rhythms in metabolic/adipokine gene, but not clock gene, expression in eWAT. In contrast, at least one of these two signals should be present in order for eWAT clock gene rhythms to be maintained.     

诱导型多能干细胞体外向胰岛素分泌细胞分化及对血糖的调控

BACKGROUND:Mouse pluripotent stem cells are induced to differentiate into insulin-secreting cells that can effectively improve blood glucose levels in diabetic mice. OBJECTIVE:To detect mRNA and protein levels of insulin-like cell clusters from induced pluripotent stem cells and to investigate the function of insulin-secreting cells in vitro and in vivo. METHODS:Mouse induced pluripotent stem cells cultured in vitro were induced to differentiate into insulin-secreting cells using combined inducers through three stages. The morphology of endodermal cells, islet-derived progenitor cells and mature islet cells in each stage was observed and relative gene expression levels were detected by PCR. Mature insulin-like cell clusters underwent dithizone staining and functions of insulin released in vitro were observed by ELISA assay. Finally, the insulin-secreting cells were transplanted into the subrenal capsule of diabetic mice, and then blood glucose levels were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The mature spherical insulin-like cell clusters were successfully obtained in vitro, which were in iron red by dithizone staining, and expression of insulin mRNA was determined by PCR. The insulin-like cell clusters could secrete insulin in response to various blood glucose levels by ELISA assay. In addition, after the cells clusters were transplanted into the subrenal capsule of mice with type 1 diabetes, the blood glucose levels were marbedly improved.     

Stabilization of asthma prevalence among adolescents and increase among schoolchildren (ISAAC phases I and III) in Spain

BACKGROUND: Most studies show a steep increase in asthma prevalence in the last decades, although few studies had applied the same methodology. Recent reports point out the possibility that the epidemic has come to an end. We have studied the prevalence of asthma in a very large sample of children, repeating the study eight years apart. METHODS: Repeated cross-sectional studies using the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) protocol in a sample of Spanish schoolchildren 6-7 (parent-reported) and 13-14 (self-reported) years old in 1994-95 (phase I) and 2002-2003 (phase III). The number of participants was 42 417 in phase I and 42 813 in phase III. The participation rate was over 87% (13-14 years) and 70% (6-7 years). RESULTS: The prevalence of wheezing in the previous year in children aged 13-14 years was 9.0 and 9.3% for boys and 9.6 and 9.2% for girls for phases I and III, respectively. Children 6-7 years of age showed a substantial increase in wheezing in the previous year (7.0 and 10.7% for boys and 5.3 and 8.2% for girls). Other symptoms and severity indexes followed the same patterns. CONCLUSIONS: In the last 8 years, the prevalence of asthma has not changed in 13-14-year-old Spanish children but has increased substantially in 6-7-year olds.     

维稳形式下新疆高校国防生心理健康与觉察压力及应对方式

目的:探讨维稳形势下新疆高校国防生心理健康状况及相关因素。方法:采用SCL-90症状自评量表、觉察压力量表(PSS-C)和简易应对方式问卷(SCSQ)进行测验。结果:1维稳形势下,国防生觉察压力、应对方式在年级、性别和灾难经历上具有显著差异(P0.01),SCL-90得分与大学生常模相比,除强迫症状和偏执外,其余各因子分和SCL-90总均分显著低于大学生常模(t=-2.14,-2.10,-2.82,-2.49,-2.30,-2.91,-2.71,-2.34;P0.01);2预测感与强迫症状、人际敏感和抑郁呈显著正相关(P0.01);控制感、超载感与躯体化、抑郁、焦虑、敌对、恐怖、精神病性和SCL-90总均分呈显著负相关(P0.01);除人际敏感外,积极应对方式与SCL-90各因子及总均分呈显著负相关(P0.01)。3预测感、超载感和积极应对方式对心理健康有直接效应(路径系数为0.20、-0.22和0.17),控制感对心理健康的间接效应为0.044。结论:觉察压力和积极应对方式是影响维稳形势下新疆高校国防生心理健康的两个重要因素;积极应对方式在控制感和心理健康状况间具有中介作用。     

Risks of Lung Cancer due to Radon Exposure among the Regions of Korea

Radon is likely the second most common cause of lung cancer after smoking. We estimated the lung cancer risk due to radon using common risk models. Based on national radon survey data, we estimated the population-attributable fraction (PAF) and the number of lung cancer deaths attributable to radon. The exposure-age duration (EAD) and exposure-age concentration (EAC) models were used. The regional average indoor radon concentration was 37.5 95 Bq/m³. The PAF for lung cancer was 8.3% (European Pooling Study model), 13.5% in males and 20.4% in females by EAD model, and 19.5% in males and 28.2% in females by EAC model. Due to differences in smoking by gender, the PAF of radon-induced lung cancer deaths was higher in females. In the Republic of Korea, the risk of radon is not widely recognized. Thus, information about radon health risks is important and efforts are needed to decrease the associated health problems.

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Neonatal Morbidities Associated with Histologic Chorioamnionitis Defined Based on the Site and Extent of Inflammation in Very Low Birth Weight Infants

Conflicting results on the influences of histologic chorioamnionitis (HC) on neonatal morbidities might be partly originated from using different definition of HC. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between HC and neonatal morbidities using definition of HC that reflects the site and extent of inflammation. This was a retrospective cohort study of 261 very low birth weight (VLBW) infants admitted at a tertiary academic center. Based on the site of inflammation, HC was categorized: any HC; amnionitis; funisitis; amnionitis+funisitis. The extent of inflammation in each site was reflected by sub-defining high grade (HG). The incidences of morbidities in infants with and without HC were compared. The bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) rate was significantly higher in infants with amnionitis and the severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) rate was significantly higher in infants with any HC and funisitis. After adjustment for both gestational age and birth weight, the respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) rate was significantly lower in infants with all categories of HC except for HG amnionitis and HG funisitis, which are not associated with lower RDS rate. HG amnionitis was significantly associated with increased BPD rate but the association of HC with severe ROP disappeared. In conclusion, HC is significantly associated with decreased RDS and HG amnionitis with increased BPD while lacking association with other neonatal morbidities in VLBW infants. The association with HC and neonatal morbidities differs by the site and extent of chorioamnionitis.

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The climate impact on female acute pyelonephritis in Taiwan: A population-based study

Objective

Urinary tract infection (UTI) is the main reason of community-acquired infection which causes large losses in social economy. The individual as well as climate factors make changes on the incidence. Acute pyelonephritis (APN) is one of the most serious UTI in female. The object of our study is to analyze whether climate factors will have effect on the incidence of female APN in Taiwan.

Dandy–Walker syndrome with duplex kidney abnormalities in trisomy 18 – A rare case report

Objective

Trisomy 18 is one of the major numerical chromosomal disorders. The incidence of trisomy 18 is approximately one in 6000 live births. Dandy–Walker malformation (DWM) is the most common congenital malformation of the cerebellum, with an incidence of about one in 5000 live births. The incidence of trisomy 18 associated with DWM is rare and long-term survival rate is very low.

常染色体平衡易位携带者控制性促排卵周期卵巢反应性分析

目的探讨常染色体平衡易位及类型对胚胎植入前遗传学诊断(PGD)周期控制性促排卵(COS)中卵巢反应性的影响。方法回顾性分析379对染色体平衡易位夫妇行PGD的426个COS周期,其中男方正常女方为平衡易位携带者182个周期(研究组,A组),包括罗氏易位44个周期(A1组),相互易位138个周期(A2组);女方正常男方为平衡易位携带者244个周期(对照组,B组),包括罗氏易位65个周期(B1组),相互易位179个周期(B2组)。比较各组间COS中女方卵巢反应性指标。结果研究组与对照组间年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、基础内分泌(FSH、E2、LH)、窦卵泡数(AFC)、促性腺激素(Gn)用量和使用时间、第2日和第3日胚胎数、囊胚数、卵子成熟率、囊胚形成率等均无统计学差异(P0.05);A组h CG注射日E2水平、正常信号囊胚数[(5 469.8±2 365.1)ng/L,1.4±1.4]均显著低于B组[(6 033.3±2 587.5)ng/L,1.8±1.8](P0.05),A组取卵数、MII卵子数、形成囊胚数均低于B组,但是无统计学差异(P0.05);A1组h CG注射日E2水平、正常信号囊胚数[(5 573.2±2 146.1)ng/L,1.5±1.5]显著低于B1组[(6 565.0±2 961.1)ng/L,2.8±2.2](P0.05);A2组取卵数(14.6±6.6)显著低于B2组(16.5±6.7)(P0.05)。结论 (1)女方常染色体平衡易位可能影响COS中卵巢反应性;(2)女方罗氏易位形成平衡或正常胚胎几率低于男方罗氏易位者。