浅谈药品快检在实践中存在的主要问题及建议

我国是发展中国家，农村人口占全国总人口的70%。由于基层群众医药基础知识欠缺，医疗和用药水平偏低，使得假劣药品在基层出现的频率较高。特别是近几年，随着制假水平的不断提高，假劣药品在基层呈现出范围广、流通快、制售手段和形式多变的趋势，给基层稽查工作带来了新的挑战。为此，国家食品药品监督管理局在2002年编写并下发了《药品快速鉴别手册》。     

实验性尘细胞灶与胸片细网状阴影形成的关系

本文从21只实验性矽肺家兔中筛选出5只胸片有细网状阴影者,用病理与 X 线对照观察的方法,探讨了实验性矽肺尘细胞灶与死后胸片细网状阴影形成的关系。证明,分布在肺细叶内直径约1mm 的尘细胞灶,其分布密度为113个/cm~2以上时,可构成胸片细网状阴影。实验排除了弥漫性肺间质纤维化的结论。并对胸片细网状阴影的形成从肺细叶解剖与 X 线投影进行了讨论。     

Capillary gas chromatographic assay of camphor and m-cresol in dermatological creams

Camphor and m-cresol mixtures are used in antiseptic and anti-itching creams. No compendial method exists for these preparations. This paper reports a capillary gas chromatographic method using FID detection with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol as internal standard on a 30 m×0.32 mm Supelcowax®-10 column (0.25 μm film) with helium as carrier gas. Ramped temperature programming was applied. The method allows simultaneous quantitation of camphor and m-cresol in the presence of o- and p-cresols, calamine and zinc oxide. Overall percent recoveries (±SD, n=9) of camphor, o-, p- and m-cresol from spiked placebo creams, at a labeled amount of 10 (w/w)% were 96.9±0.6, 98.2±0.6, 99.2±0.5 and 101.0±0.9%, respectively, and at a labeled amount of 1% were 96.7±0.6, 97.8±0.9, 97.8±0.6, and 100.3±1.0%, respectively. The recovery studies were carried out at ±30% of the labeled amounts. Linear peak area or height ratios were obtained (r>0.999) for camphor, o-, p- and m-cresol covering a concentration range of 10–200% of the labeled amount. Linearity (r>0.999) was also obtained for m-cresol when the relative concentration of o- and p-cresol was varied from 5 to 100% of the m-cresol concentration. The resolution between the ‘critical pair’ of p- and m-cresol was ≥1.1. The limit of quantitation was 23 pg for m-cresol and 9.3 pg for camphor using an injection split of 1:50. The repeatability (%RSD) for all compounds were <2% for peak area and <1.4% for peak height ratios. System suitability and robustness of the method were established. The method was successively applied to the assay of available commercial products and allows assay of camphor and the three cresol isomers.     

头孢噻肟在恶性血液病合并感染患者体内杀菌效价及临床疗效比较

目的 对比观察头孢噻肟（ＣＴＸ）与其他两种抗菌药物治疗方案对３０例血液病合并感染患者杀 菌活性（ＳＢＡ）及临床疗效。方法ＳＢＡ采用微量稀释法测定，临床疗效根据临床治疗登记表按三 级标准判定。结果与结论 头孢噻肟的临床反应最佳，杀菌作用时间维持较长，但对绿脓假单胞 菌和阴沟肠杆菌杀菌作用较差；呱拉西林（ＰＩＰ）与阿米卡星（ＡＮ）方案的抗菌谱广，但ＰＩＰ杀菌 作用时间较短，可考虑缩短给药间期，而ＡＮ可按一日一次给全日量的方案，以提高疗效减少不 良反应；头孢哌酮（ＣＰＺ）可主要用于绿脓假单胞菌感染，也可用于其它细菌的混合感染，但给药 间隔时间以一日三次为宜。     

液膜法提取发酵液中的苯丙氨酸 Ⅱ.操作工艺条件

从芫花Ｄａｐｈｎｅ ｇｅｎｋｗａ条的乙酸乙酯可溶部分分到３个结果性化合物，借助于波谱分析手段推断出Ⅱ为西瑞香素，Ⅲ为ｄａｐｈｎｏｄｏｒｉｎ Ｂ。     

Associations among right minus left brain weight, right- and left-brain weight and the degree of paw preference in right- and left-preferent male and female cats.

The relation of right and left brain weight to right minus left (R-L) brain weight and the relation of R-L paw use to brain weight were studied in adults cats. The R-L brain weight was significantly larger than zero in right-pawed (RH) male and left-pawed (LH) females. The R-L brain weight was significantly smaller than zero in LH males, not significantly different from zero in RH females. The R-L brain weight was negatively linearly correlated with the left-brain weight in RH and LH males (no significant correlations in females). The R-L paw use showed a significant positive linear correlation with the R-L brain weight in RH male and females. There was a significant negative linear correlation between R-L paw use and R-L brain weight especially in LH males. Total brain weight showed a significant negative linear correlation with R-L paw use in RH males, and a positive linear correlation in LH males (no correlations in female cats). These results indicated that intermanual difference in paw use is associated with interhemispheric weight difference and total brain weight, especially in male cats; the left brain seems to be of importance in cerebral lateralization.     

Bilateral horizontal gaze palsy in multiple sclerosis

Bilateral horizontal gaze palsies are rare. In this case report, we present a 28-year-old woman with bilateral horizontal gaze palsies due to involvement of both paramedian pontine reticular formations (PPRFs) by multiple sclerosis (MS) plaques.     

分离肝细胞纯化培养方法的比较研究

目的 评价一种可提高肝细胞纯度和存活率的分离培养方法。方法 以体外两步胶原酶灌流法分离肝细胞,然后将其分成两组,对照组在接种培养前不经进一步处理,试验组则在应用适宜的Percoll梯度液离心纯化之后再行培养。藉台盼蓝拒染法比较两组肝细胞的存活率,采用MTT法动态比较两组肝细胞的增殖状态,在相差显微镜下观察细胞的纯度和形态。结果 未经进一步纯化处理的猪肝细胞存活率为90％±5％,鼠肝细胞存活率为80％±5％,两者纯度均约90％;经Percoll梯度液离心纯化后,其高活力肝细胞比率均提高至98％±2％,纯度可达99％以上。从开始接种到大部分肝细胞贴壁生长,试验组比对照组肝细胞的时间有所缩短。结论 用Percoll梯度液纯化新分离肝细胞,可提高肝实质细胞的活力与纯度。     

Negative inotropic effect of 3,6-dimethamidodibenzopyriodonium citrate (I-65) on guinea pig papillary muscles

The effects of 3,6-dimethamidodibenzopyriodonium citrate (I-65) on the contractile response of electrically paced guinea pig papillary muscles in vitro were studied. I-65 (0.1-300 mumol/L) decreased the contractile force and inhibited isoprenaline-induced restoration of the contractile response in papillary muscles rendered inexcitable by KCl 22 mmol/L. Both effects were concentration-dependent, and the IC50 were 36.0 and 7.3 mumol/L, respectively. I-65 antagonized the positive inotropic effects of Iso and CaCl2 in a non-competitive manner. Like verapamil, I-65 had a frequency-dependent negative inotropic effect, and delayed the recovery of post-rest potentiation. It is concluded that the negative inotropic effect of I-65 results not only from the reduction of Ca2+-influx through the sarcolemmal membrane, but also from the inhibition of Ca2+ translocation in the sarcoplasmic reticulum.