Estrogen reduces serotonin-1A receptor-mediated oxytocin release and Galpha(i/o/z) proteins in the hypothalamus of ovariectomized rats

The present study examined the effect of estradiol on hypothalamic serotonin-1A (5-HT(1A)) receptor signaling in female rats. We first examined the time-course effects of a single injection of the 5-HT(1A) receptor agonist (+/-)8-OH-DPAT (5, 15 or 30 min prior to decapitation), and dose response of (+)8-OH-DPAT (50, 100, 200 or 500 microg/kg, s.c.) on plasma hormones in ovariectomized rats that received a daily injection of beta-estradiol 3-benzoate (10 microg/day, s.c.) or vehicle (sesame oil) for 2 days. In vehicle- and estrogen-treated rats, the peak response of hormones occurred at 15 min after injection and the time-course of oxytocin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) responses to an injection of 8-OH-DPAT were comparable. However, only the oxytocin response was reduced by estrogen treatment. A second experiment compared the ACTH and oxytocin responses with doses of 50 or 200 microg/kg, s.c. of (+)8-OH-DPAT vs. (+/-)8-OH-DPAT in ovariectomized rats that were treated with oil or beta-estradiol 3-benzoate (10 microg/day, s.c.) for 2 days. (+)8-OH-DPAT and (+/-)8-OH-DPAT produced a similar magnitude of increase in plasma levels of ACTH and oxytocin. Treatment with beta-estradiol 3-benzoate produced a significant and comparable reduction in the oxytocin response to the highest dose (200 microg/kg, s.c.) of both (+)8-OH-DPAT and (+/-)8-OH-DPAT but did not alter the ACTH response to either (+)8-OH-DPAT or (+/-)8-OH-DPAT. In the dose-response experiment, a dose of 50 microg/kg of (+)8-OH-DPAT produced a maximal increase in plasma levels of ACTH, while the maximal oxytocin response was achieved with a dose of 200 microg/kg, s.c. Treatment with beta-estradiol 3-benzoate reduced the maximal oxytocin response to (+)8-OH-DPAT (by 29%) but did not alter the ACTH response to any doses of (+)8-OH-DPAT. To examine potential mechanisms mediating the effects of estrogen on 5-HT(1A) receptor signaling, we measured the levels of Galpha(i), Galpha(o) and Galpha(z) proteins, which couple 5-HT(1A) receptors to their effector enzymes, in two subregions of the hypothalamus. The levels of Galpha(z) protein were reduced in the mediobasal hypothalamus (containing the ventromedial and arcuate nuclei), which mainly expresses estrogen receptor-alpha, but not in the paraventricular hypothalamus, which mainly expresses estrogen receptor-beta. Estradiol reduced the levels of Galpha(i2) and Galpha(i3 )proteins in both hypothalamic regions but did not affect Galpha(i1) levels in either area. Combined, the data suggest that racemic and stereoselective 8-OH-DPAT have similar neuroendocrine effects and that both estrogen receptor-alpha and estrogen receptor-beta mediate the reduction in levels of Galpha(i2,3) proteins.     

联合应用经阴道彩色多普勒超声与电子阴道镜诊断宫颈癌早期病变

目的:探讨联合应用经阴道彩色多普勒超声(TV-CDU)和电子阴道镜在宫颈癌早期病变诊断中的价值。方法:选择经手术治疗的宫颈癌早期病变患者49例,均行TV-CDU和电子阴道镜检查,分析单独应用TV-CDU、电子阴道镜及两者联合应用诊断宫颈癌早期病变的正确率,并比较两种方法对宫颈早期病变诊断的一致性。结果:单独应用TV-CDU、电子阴道镜及两者联合应用诊断宫颈癌早期病变的正确率分别为77.55%(38/49)、81.63%(40/49)和91.84%(45/49)。TV-CDU和电子阴道镜对宫颈癌早期病变诊断的吻合系数κ=-0.128。结论:联合应用TV-CDU与电子阴道镜诊断宫颈癌早期病变有突出的临床应用价值。     

宫颈鳞癌分化程度与18F-脱氧葡萄糖PET/CT显像最大标准摄取值之间的关系

目的:分析宫颈鳞癌分化程度与18F-脱氧葡萄糖(18F-FDG)PET/CT显像定量指标最大标准摄取值(SUVmax)之间的关系。方法:回顾性分析经手术或阴道镜病理证实的28例宫颈鳞癌患者,比较分析宫颈鳞癌病理分化程度及SUVmax,探讨18F-FDG PET/CT定量指标与恶性肿瘤分化程度之间的关系及相关程度。结果:不同分化程度宫颈鳞癌的18F-FDG PET/CT的SUVmax存在显著差异,分化程度与SUVmax呈负相关(r=-0.845,P<0.05)。结论:根据18F-FDG PET/CT显像的SUVmax可初步判断宫颈鳞癌的病理分化程度。     

Desensitization of 5-HT1A receptors by 5-HT2A receptors in neuroendocrine neurons in vivo

An imbalance between serotonin-2A (5-HT2A) and 5-HT1A receptors may underlie several mood disorders. The present studies determined whether 5-HT2A receptors interact with 5-HT1A receptors in the rat hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). The sensitivity of the hypothalamic 5-HT1A receptors was measured as oxytocin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) responses to the 5-HT1A receptor agonist (+)-8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino) tetralin hydrobromide [(+)8-OH-DPAT] (40 microg/kg s.c.). The 5-HT(2A/2C) receptor agonist (-)DOI [(-)-1-(2,5-dimethoxy-4-iodophenyl)2-aminopropane HCl] (1 mg/kg s.c.) injected 2 h prior to (+)8-OH-DPAT significantly reduced the oxytocin and ACTH responses to (+)8-OH-DPAT, producing a heterologous desensitization of the 5-HT1A receptors. Microinjection of the 5-HT2A receptor antagonist MDL100,907 [(+)-alpha-(2,3-dimethoxyphenyl)-1-[2-(4-fluorophenylethyl)]-4-piperidinemethanol; 0, 10, or 20 nmol, 15 min prior to (-)DOI] into the PVN dose-dependently prevented the desensitization of 5-HT1A receptors induced by the 5-HT2A receptor agonist (-)DOI. Double-label immunocytochemistry revealed a high degree of colocalization of 5-HT1A and 5-HT2A receptors in the oxytocin and corticotropin-releasing factor neurons of the PVN. Thus, activation of 5-HT2A receptors in the PVN may directly induce a heterologous desensitization of 5-HT1A receptors within individual neuroendocrine cells. These findings may provide insight into the long-term adaptation of 5-HT1A receptor signaling after changes in function of 5-HT2A receptors; for example, during pharmacotherapy of mood disorders.     

Nd:YAG激光联合阿昔洛韦治疗唇疱疹临床效果观察

目的探究Nd:YAG激光联合阿昔洛韦乳膏治疗唇疱疹的临床效果。方法唇疱疹患者72例,按照随机数字表法分为观察组36例,对照组36例。Nd:YAG激光联合3%阿昔洛韦乳膏治疗为观察组,单纯涂抹3%阿昔洛韦乳膏治疗为对照组。比较两组的总有效率,结痂、脱痂、止痛时间及生活质量评分。结果治疗7 d对照组总有效率为75%(27/36),观察组总有效率为94.4%(34/36),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);相较于对照组,观察组的结痂、痂皮脱落和止痛时间较短,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);相较于对照组,观察组的患者的生活质量评分较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论采用Nd:YAG激光联合3%阿昔洛韦乳膏治疗唇疱疹,能促进患者的康复。     

肉苁蓉总苷对四氯化碳损伤小鼠肝脏能量代谢的影响

目的观察肉苁蓉总苷对四氯化碳（CCl4）损伤小鼠肝脏能量代谢的影响。方法通过建立模型评价肉苁蓉总苷对CCl4损伤小鼠肝脏乳酸（LD）、乳酸脱氢酶（LDH）及Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase和Ca^2＋ ATPase的影响。结果通过CCl4损伤后,小鼠肝细胞匀浆中LD含量升高,LDH,Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase及Ca^2＋ATPase活性降低;肉苁蓉总苷能明显降低小鼠肝细胞匀浆中LD含量,增加LDH,Na^＋-K^＋-ATPase及Ca^2＋ATPase活性。结论肉苁蓉总苷能显著改善CCl4损伤小鼠肝脏的能量代谢。     

鼠神经生长因子治疗三叉神经半月节微球囊压迫术后面部麻木观察

目的：观察鼠神经生长因子对三叉神经半月节微球囊压迫术后面部麻木的疗效及安全性。方法：原发性三叉神经痛患者204例,经三叉神经半月节微球囊压迫术治疗后随机分为观察组和对照组各102例。对照组术后给予维生素B1注射液0.1 g,im qd,维生素B12注射液0.5 mg,im qd。观察组在对照组基础上加用鼠神经生长因子30μg,im qd,治疗3周后比较两组疗效和安全性。结果：两组患者术后疼痛即刻缓解率均为100%。观察组总有效率90.2%,显著高于对照组的76.5%,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。两组均未发生药品不良反应。结论：鼠神经生长因子可显著提高三叉神经半月节微球囊压迫术后面部麻木的疗效,安全性好,值得临床推广应用。     

洛芬葡锌那敏片的质量控制

目的：建立洛芬葡锌那敏片的质量标准。方法：采用HPLC法测定洛芬葡锌那敏片中布洛芬和马来酸氯苯那敏的含量及含量均匀度。结果：马来酸氯苯那敏、布洛芬分别在0．42～8．32μg·ml^-1（r=0．9999）,30．16～603．20μg·ml^-1（r=0．9999）范围内有良好的线性关系,平均回收率分别为101．8％（RSD=1．0％,n=9）,101．6％（RSD=1．1％,n=9）。结论：该方法简便、快速、准确,可以有效地控制药品质量。     

初诊多发性骨髓瘤患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群的检测及意义

目的:通过检测多发性骨髓瘤(multiple myeloma,MM)患者外周血淋巴细胞亚群评价MM患者机体的免疫功能状态并分析其与患者预后的相关性。方法:采用流式细胞术检测32例初诊MM患者和24例健康献血者的外周血T淋巴细胞、B淋巴细胞、NK细胞及CD4~+CD25~+调节性T细胞(CD4~+CD25~+Treg);分别采用溴甲酚绿法、透射免疫比浊法检测患者血清白蛋白(albumin,Alb)、β2-微球蛋白(β2 microglobulin,β2-MG)。结果:与健康献血者比较,MM患者外周血淋巴细胞中CD3~+、CD4~+T淋巴细胞比例无显著改变(P0.05),CD8~+T淋巴细胞、NK细胞比例升高(P0.05),CD4~+/CD8~+T淋巴细胞比值、CD19~+B淋巴细胞比例降低(P0.05),CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞占CD4~+T淋巴细胞的比例明显升高(P0.01)。CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞占CD4~+T淋巴细胞的比例与MM的疾病分期呈正相关,与MM患者血清中的β2-MG浓度亦呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:MM患者体内在淋巴细胞亚群的异常表达可能与其肿瘤负荷、病情进展及预后有关。CD4~+CD25~+Treg细胞的表达异常可能是MM免疫逃逸的一个重要机制。     

A comparison of indoor air pollutants in Japan and Sweden: formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, and chlorinated volatile organic compounds

Indoor and outdoor concentrations of formaldehyde (HCHO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), and selected chlorinated volatile organic compounds (chlorinated VOC) were measured in 37 urban dwellings in Nagoya, Japan, and 27 urban dwellings in Uppsala, Sweden, using the same sampling procedures and analytical methods. Indoor as well as outdoor air concentrations of HCHO, NO2, and chlorinated VOC were significantly higher in Nagoya than in Uppsala (P<0.01), with the exception of tetrachlorocarbon in outdoor air. In Nagoya, HCHO and NO2 concentrations were significantly higher in modern concrete houses than in wooden houses and higher in newer (less than 10 years) than in older dwellings (P<0.01), possibly due to less natural ventilation and more emission sources in modern buildings. Dwellings heated with unvented combustion sources had significantly higher indoor concentrations of NO2 than those with clean heating (P<0.05). Moreover, dwellings with moth repellents containing p-dichlorobenzene had significantly higher indoor concentrations of p-dichlorobenzene (P<0.01). In conclusion, there appear to be differences between Nagoya and Uppsala with respect to both indoor and outdoor pollution levels of the measured pollutants. More indoor pollution sources could be identified in Nagoya than in Uppsala, including construction and interior materials emitting VOC, use of unvented combustion space heaters, and moth repellents containing p-dichlorobenzene.