Electrospun silk fibroin‐based neural scaffold for bridging a long sciatic nerve gap in dogs

Silk fibroin (SF)‐derived silkworms represent a type of highly biocompatible biomaterial for tissue engineering. We have previously investigated biocompatibility of SF with neural cells isolated from the central nervous system or peripheral nerve system in vitro, and also developed a SF‐based nerve graft conduit or tissue‐engineered nerve grafts by introducing bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells, as support cells, into SF‐based scaffold and evaluated the outcomes of peripheral nerve repair in a rat model. As an extension of the previous study, the electrospun technique was performed here to fabricate SF‐based neural scaffold inserted with silk fibres for bridging a 30‐mm‐long sciatic nerve gap in dogs. Assessments including functional, histological and morphometrical analyses were applied 12 months after surgery. All the results indicated that the SF‐based neural scaffold group achieved satisfactory regenerative outcomes, which were close to those achieved by autologous nerve grafts as the golden‐standard for peripheral nerve repair. Overall, our results raise a potential possibility for the translation of SF‐based electrospun neural scaffolds as an alternative to nerve autografts into the clinic.     

中医药治疗子宫内膜异位症致痛经的优势及思路

目前,子宫内膜异位症引起疼痛的发病机制未明,现代医学在其治疗上有一定的局限性.中医药在整体观念指导下,可根据患者的不同症情、不同体质进行辨证用药,调整整个机体的内分泌失衡状态,达到减轻或解除患者症状的目的.中药具有抗菌消炎、缓解疼痛、抑制血管形成及改善机体免疫力的功能,能多途径、多环节、多靶点的发挥作用,远期疗效好,毒副作用小,并可长期用药.     

Apigenin ameliorates vascular injury in rats with high fructose-induced metabolic disturbance by inhibiting PI3K/AKT/GLUT1

The abuse of fructose in daily diet may cause cardiovascular diseases that seriously threaten human health, and both safe and efficient solutions need to be developed. We investigated whether apigenin can prevent the harmful impact of excessive fructose on cardiovascular events. Based on the reduction of percentage of body fat and systolic pressure as well as the improvements in insulin resistance, lipid metabolism, and pathological injury to the thoracic aorta, we suggested that high levels of fructose cause vascular injury and metabolic disorders, which can be improved to some extent by using apigenin. Fundamentally, apigenin down-regulates levels of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K), protein kinase B (AKT), and glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1), which increase with high concentrations of fructose. Moreover, the inflammation and asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA) levels increased in fructose group, but they decreased when the rats were fed with apigenin. The results suggest that PI3K/AKT/GLUT1 may have potential for alleviating cardiovascular injury, and apigenin can be an excellent candidate for supplements to ameliorate cardiovascular diseases related to high fructose consumption.

(A) Chemical structure of apigenin. (B) Graph illuminating the experimental design for the time course of fructose and apigenin administration, and the timelines for the histological studies, biochemical analysis and western blot analysis.     

合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征对慢性阻塞性肺疾病患者心功能的影响

目的分析单纯慢性阻塞性肺疾病(简称慢阻肺)患者与慢阻肺合并阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征(OSAHS)患者的临床特征,研究合并OSAHS对慢阻肺患者心功能的影响。方法本研究回顾性纳入2016年9月至2018年10月就诊于北京大学第三医院呼吸与危重症医学科门诊的稳定期慢阻肺患者126例,其中男112例,女14例,年龄48~89岁,中位年龄67岁。以呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)5次/h为界值,分为单纯慢阻肺组(31例)和慢阻肺合并OSAHS组(95例),比较患者的人口学特征、呼吸道症状、肺功能、心血管事件发生率和反映患者的患者心功能的超声心动图E/e′比率、左心房前后径(LAD)及左心室射血分数(LVEF)等指标,采用独立样本t检验、卡方检验等对数据进行统计学分析。结果单纯慢阻肺患者与慢阻肺合并OSAHS患者的人口学特征、呼吸道症状、肺功能差异均无统计学意义,各项夜间血氧饱和度水平指标差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05),两组患者左心室质量指数(LVMI)差异有统计学意义(P=0.047),而心血管事件发生率差异无统计学意义。AHI≥30次/h的合并严重OSAHS的患者与AHI<30次/h的非严重OSAHS的患者相比,超声心动图指标E/e′(P=0.013)、LAD(P=0.006)、LVMI(P=0.051)、LVEF(P=0.030)差异均有统计学意义,冠心病及充血性心力衰竭病史差异有统计学意义(P=0.025,P<0.001)。按轻中重度对慢阻肺合并OSAHS患者严重程度进行分组后,E/e′及LAD与严重程度明显相关(P=0.045,P=0.011)。夜间血氧饱和度水平方面,夜间平均血氧饱和度和E/e′、LAD、LVMI均有显著相关性(r=-0.195,P=0.033;r=-0.197,P=0.030;r=-0.195,P=0.044);血氧饱和度≤90%的比例与LAD有显著相关性(r=0.209,P=0.021)。多元线性回归模型中,AHI每增加一个单位时E/e′平均增加0.070,氧减指数每增加一个单位时E/e′平均增加0.084。结论慢阻肺合并重度OSAHS的患者与慢阻肺合并非重度OSAHS患者相比,左心舒张功能显著降低且发生充血性心力衰竭和冠心病的风险显著增加,且慢阻肺合并OSAHS的严重程度与左心舒张功能受限的严重程度相关,AHI越高、氧减指数越高,左心舒张功能受限及结构改变越严重。     

婴幼儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄经口内镜下幽门肌切开术的围术期护理

总结4例经口内镜下幽门肌切开术治疗婴幼儿先天性肥厚性幽门狭窄的围术期护理经验。护理重点包括术前完善各项检查,术中密切监护患儿、及时识别并发症、注意无菌操作,术后做好常规护理、并发症的观察、管路及饮食护理、出院宣教。4例患儿平均住院(14.25±9.14)d,留置胃管(13.75±4.79)d,留置空肠营养管(16.75±9.22)d,术后第2天均开始经空肠营养管泵奶喂养,术后完全经口喂养时间(18.75±9.22)d,随访3~8个月,喂养后未见呕吐,胃镜复查无异常。     

超声弹性成像不同切面应变比值法诊断甲状腺结节的价值比较

目的探讨不同切面超声弹性成像应变比值法在诊断甲状腺结节良恶性方面的价值区别。方法选取2012年11月至2013年5月因甲状腺结节疾病在解放军总医院超声科就诊的患者118例,共有153个结节,患者术前均行弹性成像检查,从纵切和横切面分别获得弹性应变率面积比值,采用ROC曲线评价其诊断价值,将结节分为临近峡部组、非临近峡部组两组,并将诊断结果与病理结果对照。结果纵切面与横切面面积应变比值法在鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.906、0.844,二者无显著性差异(Z=1.54,P>0.05);最佳诊断界点分别为:3.65、3.58;纵切面、横切面应变比值法的敏感度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为:81.2%、80.8%、81.0%、87.2%、71.2%;77.2%、76.9%、77.1%、84.4%、63.4%。临近峡部组纵切面与横切面面积应变比值法在鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节的ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.903、0.830,二者无显著性差异(Z=1.125,P>0.05);最佳诊断点分别为:3.30、3.28;纵切面、横切面应变比值法的敏感度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为:86.2%、68.8%、80.0%、83.3%、73.3%;78.6%、58.8%、71.1%、75.9%、62.5%。非临近峡部组纵切面与横切面面积应变比值法在鉴别甲状腺良恶性结节的AUC分别为0.906、0.852,二者无显著性差异(Z=0.936,P>0.05);最佳诊断界点分别为:3.33、3.71;纵切面、横切面应变比值法的敏感度、特异度、准确性、阳性预测值、阴性预测值分别为:90.1%、75.7%、85.2%、87.7%、80.0%;84.7%、70.3%、80.6%、83.6%、72.2%。结论超声弹性成像有助于甲状腺结节的鉴别诊断,但横切面与纵切面的诊断效果无统计学差异。     

血清标志物pro-GRP、NSE在小细胞肺癌鉴别诊断中的价值

目的探讨血清标志物胃泌素释放肽前体(pro-GRP)、神经元特异性烯醇化酶(NSE)对小细胞肺癌(SCLC)鉴别诊断的价值。方法选择SCLC患者120例(SCLC组)、非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者130例、良性肺部疾病者80例,以及同期健康体检者90例(健康对照组),检测血清pro-GRP、NSE水平,SPSS13.0进行统计分析,分析各标志物的血清水平和阳性率。Graph-Pad Prism 5进行ROC曲线绘制。结果 SCLC组患者血pro-GRP、NSE水平明显高于NSCLC组、良性肺部疾病组和健康对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。SCLC组患者血清pro-GRP阳性率(80.00%)高于其他3组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。SCLC组和NSCLC组NSE阳性率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。pro-GRP、NSE单独及联合诊断SCLC的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.890、0.810和0.915。结论 NSE只能鉴定良恶性肺部疾病,不能鉴定SCLC和NSCLC;pro-GRP既可鉴定良恶性肺部疾病,还可鉴定肺癌的SCLC和NSCLC病理分型;pro-GRP、NSE联合检测对SCLC的鉴别诊断有重要价值。     

Synthesis and biological evaluation of quinoxaline derivatives as tubulin polymerization inhibitors that elevate intracellular ROS and triggers apoptosis via mitochondrial pathway

A series of novel quinoxaline derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for their antiproliferative activity in three human cancer cell lines. Compound 12 exhibited the most potent antiproliferative activity with IC₅₀ in the range of 0.19–0.51 μM. The compound inhibited tubulin polymerization and disrupted the microtubule network, leading to G2/M phase arrest. Furthermore, compound 12 induced ROS production and malfunction of mitochondrial membrane potential. Compound 12 led to cancer cells apoptosis in a dose‐dependent manner. Western blot analysis showed that compound 12 induced up‐regulation of p21 and affected the expression of cell cycle‐related proteins. The binding mode was also probed by molecular docking.     

基于UPLC-Q-TOF/MS的渴络欣胶囊化学成分研究

目的 采用超高效液相色谱-四级杆-飞行时间质谱（UPLC-Q-TOF-MS）技术对中药复方渴络欣胶囊中的化学成分进行研究。方法 采用ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 C₁₈色谱柱（100 mm×2.1 mm,1.8 μm）,以甲醇-0.1%甲酸水溶液为流动相梯度洗脱,体积流量为0.3 mL/min;采用ESI源在正、负离子模式下分别采集数据。根据化合物精确相对分子质量及二级碎片离子信息,结合参考文献数据,鉴定渴络欣胶囊的主要化学成分。结果 从渴络欣胶囊中分离和鉴定出54个化学成分,包括蒽醌类化合物10个、黄酮类化合物10个、萜类化合物7个、酚类化合物16个等。结论 首次采用UPLC-Q-TOF/MS联用技术研究渴络欣胶囊中化学成分,进一步明确了其物质基础。     

适度液体刺激在气管切开中的效果评价

探讨气道液体刺激在气管切开患者气道护理中的可行性及应用效果。将90例气管切开患者随机分为试验1组、试验2组和对照组,每组30例,均进行常规气道护理。试验1组用20 mL注射器将0.45%NaCl快速注入人工气道,试验2组用灭菌注射用水快速注入人工气道,进行气道灌洗,对照组则采用常规吸痰。（1）试验组患者排痰效果优于对照组患者（P＜0.05）;（2）试验组患者痰液黏稠度低于对照组患者（P＜0.05）;（3）3组的血气分析pH值、PaO2、SaO2及心率、呼吸频率、血压等无显著性差异（均P＞0.05）。在气管切开患者护理中,气道适度的液体刺激能有效降低患者痰液黏稠度、痰痂形成及堵管的发生,优于单纯的吸痰和持续气道湿化法。