床旁颅脑超声对新生儿脑室参数测量的应用研究

目的探讨新生儿脑室参数测量在疾病诊断和脑发育评估中的应用价值。方法采用床旁超声诊断仪对出生后3 d内的新生儿颅脑进行常规检查,主要行冠状及矢状面扫描,对扫查参数进行统计分析。结果新生儿各项测定值在性别上的差异均不显著;新生儿侧脑室大小与头围呈正相关(r=0.310 0,P0.05),与新生儿体重及身长无相关性。结论床旁颅脑超声可作为常规检查手段,通过对新生儿脑室参数的测量来评估脑损伤类型和程度、评估脑的发育情况。     

"对位对线"补片固定法在腹腔镜造口旁疝Sugarbaker修补术中的应用

目的腹腔镜下Sugarbaker修补手术是造口旁疝的主要手术方式，补片固定是手术的关键技术环节，本研究介绍一种新式补片固定方法，并探讨其在临床上的应用效果。 方法回顾性分析2017年6月至2019年6月在中山大学附属第六医院住院的66例造口旁疝患者临床资料，患者均行腹腔镜造口旁疝修补手术（Sugarbaker术式），根据补片固定方式的不同分为试验组（41例，采用"对位对线"补片固定法）和对照组（25例，采用传统疝钉双圈补片固定方法）。比较两组患者相关指标和治疗效果。 结果两组患者性别、年龄、体质指数、病程以及造口旁疝分型比较，差异均无统计学意义。试验组补片固定时间短于对照组[（32.6±9.0）min vs（38.7±11.0）min，P<0.05]，两组在疝钉固定数量、血清肿、补片感染、术后住院时间指标方面，差异无统计学意义。试验组和对照组的平均随访时间差异无统计学意义[（37.6±14.8）个月vs（38.8±15.2）个月，P=0.687]，试验组的造口旁疝复发率低于对照组（2.4% vs 20.0%，P<0.05），而两组术后慢性疼痛发生率差异无统计学意义（24.2% vs 24.0%，P=0.971）。 结论在腹腔镜造口旁疝Sugarbaker修补术中应用"对位对线"补片固定法，可以缩短补片固定时间并减少术后复发，值得临床上推广使用。     

2例富士激光相机的故障维修

本文较为详细地描述了我院在使用激光相机过程中遇到的2例故障和维修过程.在维修过程中首先认真观察故障表现,仔细分析故障成因,前后经过几次尝试,最终顺利解决了问题.     

Correlation of macrophage migration inhibitory factor gene polymorphism with the risk of early-stage cervical cancer and lymphatic metastasis

Associations of functional single nucleotide polymorphisms in MIF-173G/C with early stage cervical cancer were investigated in a hospital-based case-control study on 250 patients with cervical cancer prior to surgery (including 49 cases with and 201 cases without lymphatic metastasis) and 147 healthy controls. The polymorphism was assessed using restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction, and the MIF serum concentration was examined using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to analyze the correlation between the polymorphism and the MIF serum concentration. Carriers of the variant C allele in MIF-173 were at a significantly higher risk of cervical cancer compared to carriers of the wild-type allele (aOR=1.508; 95% CI, 1.128-2.016, p=0.05). The GC and CC genotypes may be the causative factors for cervical cancer (aOR=1.851; 95% CI, 1.132-3.027, p=0.013). Individuals with the GC+CC genotype and C allele at the MIF-173G/C site were at a significantly higher risk of cervical cancer and lymphatic metastasis. The risk of lymphatic metastasis in early stage cervical cancer was increased more than 1.6 times in patients with the CC and GC genotypes compared with those with the GG genotype. The genotype distribution and allele frequency of MIF-173G/C were statistically significant in the well-, moderately and poorly differentiated groups (P<0.05). Compared to the GG genotype and G allele, patients with GC and CC genotypes and C allele exhibited a lower degree of differentiation and a higher degree of malignancy. A significant difference was observed in MIF serum concentrations among the various subgroups (P<0.05). The early cervical cancer, lymphatic metastasis and poorly differentiated groups exhibited higher MIF levels in serum. Moreover, patients with the CC genotype exhibited higher MIF serum concentration, which could increase the risk of early stage cervical cancer and lymphatic metastasis. The results presented in this study provide the first evidence that the genetic polymorphism MIF-173 is associated with cervical cancer in humans. Detection of MIF serum concentration and genotyping may be used as biomarkers for early diagnosis and therapy for cervical cancer.     

Clinicopathological and Immunohistochemical Study of Low-Grade Myofibroblastic Sarcoma of the Liver-One Case Report

Low-grade myofibroblastic sarcoma is a recently characterized tumor showing features of myofibroblastic differentiation that is part of the spectrum of malignant mesenchymal tumors.This extremely rare ...     

DNA Duplexes with Hydrophobic Modifications Inhibit Fusion between HIV-1 and Cell Membranes

Discovery of new drugs for the treatment of AIDS typically possessing unique structures associated with novel mechanisms of action has been of great importance due to the quick drug-resistant mutations of HIV-1 strains. The work presented in this report describes a novel class of DNA duplex-based HIV-1 fusion inhibitors. Hydrophobic groups were introduced into a DNA duplex skeleton either at one end, at both ends, or in the middle. These modified DNA duplexes inhibited fusion between HIV-1 and human cell membranes at micro- or submicromolar concentrations. Respective inhibitors adopted an aptamer pattern instead of a base-pairing interaction pattern. Structure-activity relationship studies of the respective DNA duplexes showed that the rigid and negatively charged DNA skeletons, in addition to the presence of hydrophobic groups, were crucial to the anti-HIV-1 activity of these compounds. A fluorescent resonance energy transfer (FRET)-based inhibitory assay showed that these duplex inhibitors interacted with the primary pocket in the gp41 N-terminal heptad repeat (NHR) instead of interacting with the lipid bilayers.     

Gene Expression Profiling as an Initial Approach for Mechanistic Studies of Toxicity and Tumorigenicity of Herbal Plants and Herbal Dietary Supplements

Dietary supplements are consumed by more than 300 million people worldwide, and herbal dietary supplements represent the most rapidly growing portion of this industry. Even though adverse health effects of many herbal dietary supplements have been reported, safety assurances are not being addressed adequately. Toxicological data on the identification of genotoxic and tumorigenic ingredients in many raw herbs are also lacking. Currently, more than 30 herbal dietary supplements and active ingredients have been selected by the National Toxicology Program (NTP) for toxicity and tumorigenicity studies. Due to the complexity of the chemical components present in plant extracts, there are no established methodologies for determining the mechanisms of toxicity (particularly tumorigenicity) induced by herbs, such as Gingko biloba leaf extract (GBE) and other herbal plant extracts. Consequently, the understanding of toxicity of herbal dietary supplements remains limited.

We have proposed that application of DNA microarrays could be a highly practical initial approach for revealing biological pathways and networks associated with toxicity induced by herbal dietary supplements and the generation of hypotheses to address likely mechanisms. The changes in expression of subsets of genes of interest, such as the modulation of drug metabolizing genes, can be analyzed after treatment with an herbal dietary supplement. Although levels of gene expression do not represent fully the levels of protein activities, we propose that subsequent biochemical and genomic experiments based on these initial observations will enable elucidation of the mechanisms leading to toxicity, including tumorigenicity. This review summarizes the current practices of microarray analysis of gene expressions in animals treated with herbal dietary supplements and discusses perspectives for the proposed strategy.     

Nucleostemin deletion reveals an essential mechanism that maintains the genomic stability of stem and progenitor cells

Stem and progenitor cells maintain a robust DNA replication program during the tissue expansion phase of embryogenesis. The unique mechanism that protects them from the increased risk of replication-induced DNA damage, and hence permits self-renewal, remains unclear. To determine whether the genome integrity of stem/progenitor cells is safeguarded by mechanisms involving molecules beyond the core DNA repair machinery, we created a nucleostemin (a stem and cancer cell-enriched protein) conditional-null allele and showed that neural-specific knockout of nucleostemin predisposes embryos to spontaneous DNA damage that leads to severe brain defects in vivo. In cultured neural stem cells, depletion of nucleostemin triggers replication-dependent DNA damage and perturbs self-renewal, whereas overexpression of nucleostemin shows a protective effect against hydroxyurea-induced DNA damage. Mechanistic studies performed in mouse embryonic fibroblast cells showed that loss of nucleostemin triggers DNA damage and growth arrest independently of the p53 status or rRNA synthesis. Instead, nucleostemin is directly recruited to DNA damage sites and regulates the recruitment of the core repair protein, RAD51, to hydroxyurea-induced foci. This work establishes the primary function of nucleostemin in maintaining the genomic stability of actively dividing stem/progenitor cells by promoting the recruitment of RAD51 to stalled replication-induced DNA damage foci.