营养风险与腹膜后肿瘤患者住院时间的相关性研究

目的 探讨营养风险与腹膜后肿瘤患者住院时间的相关性。方法 采用回顾性研究，选取2012年1月至2018年12月四川大学华西医院血管外科新入院腹膜后肿瘤患者60例，采用营养风险筛查表评估患者营养风险，收集患者体质指数、围术期血红蛋白和白蛋白水平、住院天数、术后恶心呕吐发生情况、术后排气、排便时间和首次进食时间。采用单因素分析比较不同患者住院时间，采用多重线性逐步回归分析患者住院时间的影响因素。结果 纳入的60例腹膜后肿瘤患者中，40例患者（66.7%）术前存在营养风险，52例患者（86.7%）术后存在营养风险；单因素分析显示，患者术前、术后营养风险 （术前P<0.001，术后P=0.043）、术前白蛋白 （P=0.019）、术后血红蛋白 （P=0.019）、术后白蛋白（P=0.025） 水平以及术后恶心呕吐 （P=0.001） 均会影响患者的住院时间；患者住院时间与围术期营养风险筛查工具评分、术后首次进食时间、术后排气时间和排便时间具有相关性，且相关性强（r=0.759~0.770； P<0.01）；多因素分析显示术前营养风险是腹膜后肿瘤患者住院时间的重要预测因素（β=0.399）。结论 术前营养风险是腹膜后肿瘤患者住院时间的预测因子。     

Meta-Analysis of Saturated Fatty Acid Intake and Breast Cancer Risk

The associations between saturated fatty acid (SFA) consumption and risk of breast cancer (BC) remains inconclusive. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to determine the quantitative relations between dietary SFA intake and incidence of BC.Literatures published up to April 2015 were systematically screened through Pubmed and Web of Science. Relevant publication quality was evaluated by conducting the Newcastle-Ottawa scale. We used fixed effects models or random effect models to calculate the summary relative risks (RRs) and odds ratios (ORs), and conducted sensitivity analyses and evaluated the publication bias.We identified a total of 52 studies (24 cohort studies and 28 case–control studies), with over 50,000 females diagnosed with BC. The associations between dietary SFA intake and risk of BC were 1.18 for case–control studies (high vs low intake, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.03–1.34) and 1.04 for cohort studies (95% CI = 0.97–1.11). When restricted analyses to population-based studies, positive associations were observed for both cohort (RR [95% CI] = 1.11 [1.01–1.21]) and case–control studies (OR [95% CI] = 1.26 [1.03–1.53]). Additionally, for case–control studies, significant positive associations between higher SFA intake and BC risk were observed for Asian (OR [95% CI] = 1.17 [1.02–1.34]) and Caucasian (OR [95% CI] = 1.19 [1.00–1.41]), as well as for postmenopausal women (OR = 1.33, 95% CI: 1.02–1.73). In contrast, higher dietary SFA intake was not associated with risk of BC among premenopausal women, in cohort studies or hospital-based studies.A positive association between higher dietary SFA intake and postmenopausal BC risk was observed in case–control but not in cohort studies. More studies are warranted to confirm these findings.     

慢传输型便秘对结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘发生的影响及原因探讨

目的:分析慢传输型便秘对结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘发生的影响及原因。方法:回顾性分析我院普外科2010年10月1日—2017年10月1日收治的1307例行手术治疗的结直肠癌患者,其中无便秘组患者1128例,伴慢传输型便秘组179例;术后发生吻合口瘘患者109例,其中无便秘组92例,伴慢传输型便秘组17例。通过比较两组术后吻合口瘘的发生率、发生时间、发生瘘的级别等来分析慢传输型便秘对结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘发生的影响;在伴慢传输便秘组中根据术后吻合口近和(或)远端肠壁是否存在神经节细胞减少(或缺失)分为两组,通过比较两组术后吻合口瘘的发生率、发生时间及瘘的级别等进一步从病理学方面研究慢传输型便秘对结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘发生的影响。结果:伴慢传输型便秘组术后吻合口瘘的发生率为9.50%,高于无便秘组8.16%(P0.05);但术后吻合口瘘发生时间(7.34±3.17)天,晚于无便秘组(6.08±2.55)天(P0.05);在179例伴慢传输型便秘组中,神经节细胞正常组吻合口瘘的发生率7.89%,低于神经节细胞减少或缺失组12.31%(P0.05);且瘘的发生时间短于神经节细胞减少或缺失组[(6.12±3.29)天vs(8.71±4.36)]天(P0.05)。结论:慢传输型便秘增加结直肠癌术后吻合口瘘的发生率,且延长术后吻合口瘘发生时间;慢传输型便秘增加术后吻合口瘘发生率可能与结直肠切除范围不够,导致吻合口近和(或)远端肠壁存在神经节细胞的减少或缺失有关。     

体医融合专门人才培养现状与优化路径

目前我国的体医融合已探索出以医院为平台的医院健康指导中心模式、以健身场所为平台的体育俱乐部健康指导模式、以社区为平台的健康监测中心模式和以体医融合健康产业为平台的产学研合作模式等4种运行模式。但总体来说我国体医融合尚处于起步阶段，优化体医融合专门人才培养模式成为体医深度融合发展的关键。研究表明，我国体医融合人才现行培养模式主要以在职培训为主，存在专门人才缺失严重、认证体系有待完善和人才培养模式单一等现实困境。同时提出加强顶层设计夯实体医融合人才培养体系，精心布局优化体医融合人才培养课程体系，强化引导完善体医融合舆论宣传体系，标准引领健全体医融合职业标准等优化路径，以期实现体医融合专门人才队伍的科学化和可持续化发展。     

Cefoperazone-sulbactam and risk of coagulation disorders or bleeding: a retrospective cohort study

ABSTRACT

Objectives: Limited evidence has suggested that cefoperazone-sulbactam causes coagulation disorders and bleeding.

Methods: The authors conducted a retrospective study to compare patients receiving cefoperazone-sulbactam versus those treated with cefoperazone-tazobactam or ceftazidime. Propensity-score matching was used to explore whether treatment with cefoperazone-sulbactam increased the risk of prothrombin time (PT) prolongation, coagulation disorders, and bleeding, or decreased platelets (PLT).

Results: The cohort included 23,242 patients. Among patients receiving cefoperazone-sulbactam, the risk of PT prolongation, coagulation disorders, decreased PLT, and bleeding was 5.3%, 9.2%, 15.7%, and 4.2%, respectively. Propensity-score matching analyses suggested that cefoperazone-sulbactam increased the risk of PT prolongation (aOR 2.26, 95% CI 1.61–3.18), coagulation disorders (aOR 1.81, 95% CI 1.43–2.30), and decreased PLT (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.25–1.72), but not increase bleeding (aOR 1.05, 95% CI 0.79–1.40) compared with ceftazidime. Patients receiving cefoperazone-sulbactam had higher risk of PT prolongation (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.11–2.10), coagulation disorders (aOR 1.53, 95% CI 1.21–1.95), but not decreased PLT (aOR 0.93, 95% CI 0.81–1.07) or bleeding (aOR 1.11, 95% CI 0.87–1.42), compared with those receiving cefoperazone-tazobactam.

Conclusion: Cefoperazone-sulbactam may be associated with a higher risk of PT prolongation and coagulation disorders compared with cefoperazone-tazobactam and ceftazidime.     

杜元灏教授针刺治疗失眠经验

失眠是由各种原因导致的入睡困难和(或)睡眠维持困难的睡眠障碍,主要特征是睡眠感不满意,属于中医学"不得眠""不寐"范畴。传统多从心、肝、胆、脾、胃、肾论治该病,杜元灏教授认为脏腑机能失调,气血不和,阳不能入阴,阴不能涵阳,神不守舍而致失眠。重视"脑为元神之腑"的理论,且因督脉入络脑,夹脊穴为五脏六腑之气转输、流注之处,杜教授多强调从脑、督脉以及夹脊穴论治失眠,为针刺治疗失眠提供新思路。