丝瓜叶中丝瓜皂甙O的化学结构研究

丝瓜叶中丝瓜皂甙Ｏ的化学结构研究梁龙，鲁灵恩，蔡元聪（四川省中药研究所重庆６３００６５）丝瓜（ＬｕｆｆａｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａＲｏｅｍ．）为常食蔬菜，其果实和藤叶中含有多种生理活性的化学物质。我们从丝瓜叶中分离出１３个五环三萜类化合物，前文（１～３）已...     

Hyperphosphorylation and accumulation of neurofilament proteins in Alzheimer brain and the possible mechanism

Hyperphosphorylation and accumulation of neurofilament proteins in Alzheimer brain and the possible mechanism     

Prevalence of Schistosoma intercalatum and S. haematobium Infection among Primary Schoolchildren in Capital Areas of Democratic Republic Of S?o Tomé and Príncipe,West Africa

Background

A parasitological survey of Schistosoma haematobium and S. intercalatum infection among primary schoolchildren in capital area of Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe (DRSTP) was undertaken.

Methods

Subjects with positive infection were confirmed by the detection of S. haematobium ova in the urine or S. intercalatum ova in the stool by using centrifugation concentration or merthiolate-iodine-formalin concentration method. Totally, 252 urine and stool samples, respectively, were obtained from apparently healthy schoolchildren, of which 121 from boys (9.8 ± 1.4 yr) and 131 from girls (9.7 ± 1.3 yr).

Results

None of participating schoolchildren were found having S. haematobium ova in the urinary specimen. While, among 4 primary schools studied, only schoolchildren from Saint Marçal were detected with S. intercalatum ova in the fecal specimen, making the overall prevalence of S. intercalatum infection among schoolchildren was 2.4% (6/252) and girls had insignificantly higher prevalence (3.1%, 4/131) than that (1.7%, 2/121) in boys (χ² = 0.5, P = 0.5).

Conclusion

Water control and sanitation as well as snails eliminated by molluscicides are urgently needed to reduce S. intercalatum infection in DRSTP inhabitants.     

用改良消减法克隆类风湿性关节炎滑膜细胞中的高表达基因

0　引言　在类风湿性关节炎 (rheumatoid arthritis,RA)中 ,关节内滑膜细胞 (fibroblast- like synovial cells,FL S)的过度增生是造成关节软骨破坏和关节畸形的关键环节 ,为了研究滑膜细胞发生增殖的机制 ,我们采用赵忠良等人设计的改良消减杂交法[1 ] ,并以骨性关节炎 (osteoarthritis,OA)滑膜细胞为对照筛选 RA滑膜细胞中的高表达基因 .1　方法　将 RA滑膜细胞和 OA滑膜细胞分别设定为实验组和扣除组 ,用扣除组的 c DNAs杂交扣除掉实验组中与前者相同的 c DNAs,得到的就是目的产物 :实验组中高拷贝数的或独有的 c DNAs,也就是 …     

Single‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomy: A comparative study in 106 initial cases

Introduction: Laparoscopic cholecystectomy has been the standard of care for gallbladder diseases since the late 1980s. Many surgeons have rapidly adopted single‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomy for gallbladder pathologies. The aim of the present study was to analyze the clinical outcome in initial single‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Methods: Data from 106 consecutive single‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomies between May 2008 and April 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. We divided the patients into two groups – an early group (group I, n=56) and a late group (group II, n=50) – to compare clinical outcomes. During each procedure, only one longitudinal transumbilical incision, 1.5 to 2.0 cm in length, was made to access the abdominal cavity. A multichannel port system was assembled with existing devices. Standard laparoscopic instruments were used to perform each cholecystectomy. Results: Patient demographics did not differ between the two groups. Of the eight cases that were converted to conventional laparoscopic surgery, seven were part of group I (P=0.063). Mean operation time for single‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomy was significantly shorter in group II (58.2 versus 71.6 min, P=0.004). There were two operative complications in group I, which were successfully managed with laparoscopic surgery. There was no statistical difference in occurrence of operative complication and hospital stay between the two groups. Conclusion: Single‐port laparoscopic cholecystectomy can be safely performed for various gallbladder lesions in selected cases, and the operation time improved with accumulation of cases.     

自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗神经系统损伤和变性疾病42例报告

目的:观察42例神经系统损伤和变性疾病患者经自体骨髓干细胞移植后,其神经系统症状与体征的改善。方法:①选取2005-06/2006-09解放军第四六三医院神经外科收治的神经系统损伤和变性疾病患者42例,对本试验均签署知情同意书。其中各种原因所致脊髓损伤30例,脑血管意外引起的偏瘫4例,老年痴呆2例,小脑疾患引起的共济失调2例,运动神经元变性疾病4例。患者入院后常规检查身体各项指标以评估是否适合行干细胞移植术。②术前患者均于皮下注射粒细胞集落刺激因子进行骨髓干细胞动员,5～12μg/(kg.d),连续4～5d。动员结束后患者在局麻状态下,于髂后上棘采集自体骨髓血约200mL,去除红细胞,密度梯度离心,分离出单个核细胞,再将收获的单个核细胞制成1.5mL细胞悬液(约1×108个细胞)备用。③通过手术或立体定向的方法将干细胞直接移植在神经损伤或变性部位,然后再根据病情经腰穿或静脉途径进行细胞移植,每次给予干细胞量按(2～3)×102个/kg计算,1次/周,共4周。④自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗过程中,为促进干细胞的生长和分化,根据患者病情及个人身体状况给予物理疗法、作业疗法等相应的康复功能锻炼,同时配以针灸、高压氧及药物营养神经和改善微循环治疗。结果:42例神经系统损伤和变性疾病患者均进入结果分析。自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗后1～3个月,17例脊髓损伤患者肢体症状明显改善,尤其是脑损伤后遗症引起的脊髓损伤其肢体症状改善更为显著;2例脑出血和1例脑血栓引起偏瘫的患者其肢体症状改善效果均较好;遗传性共济失调的2例患者疗效均不明显;1例老年痴呆患者其老年痴呆症状得到明显改善,并能在搀扶下行走,与旁人进行正常的交流;运动神经元变性病中1例患者肌萎缩性侧索硬化症改善效果较好,肌张力正常,颤抖减轻及至消失,多发性硬化中2例患者症状减轻。结论:干细胞移植配合功能锻炼等辅助手段对神经系统损伤和变性疾病的治疗效果肯定,有一定的临床应用价值。     

增强型绿色荧光蛋白标记技术示踪组织工程化骨形成

目的:观察以脂质体介导法转染的增强型绿色荧光蛋白质粒作为骨组织工程种子细胞示踪剂的可行性。方法:实验于2005-07/2006-11在南昌大学第二附属医院分子医学实验室完成。选取12个月龄中国青山羊2只作为骨髓基质干细胞供体。另取BACB/un裸鼠9只作为骨髓基质干细胞-珊瑚复合物受体。①将已转化pEGFP-N2大肠杆菌109菌种,进行质粒提取并经AvaⅡ酶切鉴定。②脂质体lipofectamine2000介导转染羊骨髓基质干细胞。分别于转染24h、6个月后计算荧光的转染效率。标记与未标记细胞经成骨诱导分化后,检测碱性磷酸酶活性和四环素钙结节染色,以未标记的同期细胞作对照。③将标记细胞接种于珊瑚支架,形成骨髓基质干细胞-珊瑚复合物,分别于体外培养4,7,14d后进行电镜扫描观察。④将体外培养7d的骨髓基质干细胞-珊瑚复合物移植于裸鼠皮下,8周后取出,荧光显微镜下进行示踪观察,苏木精-伊红染色观察组织结构。以未标记的骨髓基质干细胞-珊瑚复合物、单纯珊瑚作对照。结果:共纳入中国青山羊2只,BACB/un裸鼠9只,作为受体的9只裸鼠进入结果分析。①质粒经酶切后电泳,可见3条带,分别为445bp,1938bp,2354bp,确定所提质粒为pEGFP-N2。②转染24h后绿色荧光表达率35%;经G418筛选,转染6个月后绿色荧光表达率75%;与对照组相比,标记细胞碱性磷酸酶活性差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),均具有钙结节形成能力。③标记细胞与材料贴附生长良好,并分泌胶原纤维及钙盐结晶样基质。④组织学示新生骨样组织围绕材料孔隙生成;新生组织细胞内有绿色荧光表达,同时对照组未观察到绿色荧光。结论:脂质体介导法转染的pEGFP-N2标记骨髓基质干细胞,可用于裸鼠体内示踪,是一种理想的组织工程化骨组织的示踪方法。     

西山医院脊髓损伤功能量表内容介绍

目的:介绍一套新的脊髓损伤功能评价量表。方法:综合目前使用的各种常用脊髓功能量表,结合实际工作经验及脊髓损伤患者神经功能改善特点,制定了西山医院脊髓损伤功能量表。结果:西山医院脊髓损伤功能量表共分9大项16小项,采用4分制,正常为3分,最差为0分。总分0～48分,0～16分为重度残障,17～32分为中度残障;33～47分为轻度残障,48分正常。量表包括上肢运动功能(饮食、梳洗、书写)、下肢运动功能(站立、行走)、躯干运动功能(坐、翻身)、全身运动功能(床椅转移、穿脱衣服、洗澡)、括约肌功能(膀胱功能、直肠功能)、肌张力、泌汗、皮肤营养、疼痛、性功能。结论:西山医院脊髓损伤功能量表是一套专门应用于脊髓损伤患者功能评价量表。该量表能全面、精确评定患者功能,简便实用、费时短。应用这份功能量表,既能客观反映患者的功能变化,随访时又不增加患者负担,同时也能减轻医务工作者的负担。     

胚胎嗅鞘细胞再移植治疗晚期脊髓损伤1例

目的:对晚期脊髓损伤患者开展嗅鞘细胞再移植治疗,探讨其对神经功能的继续改善效果。方法:①患者男性,27岁,哈萨克斯坦籍,2001年9月20日遭霰弹枪击急诊手术后,双下肢不能运动及感觉消失,尿便失禁,右下肢阵发性钝痛。诊断为陈旧性完全性脊髓损伤(T12),美国脊髓损伤协会标准脊髓功能分级为A级。2002年9月30日第1次行脊髓胚胎嗅鞘细胞移植术,2007年2月5日行第2次脊髓胚胎嗅鞘细胞移植术。治疗方案患者知情同意。②取4个月流产胚胎(孕妇及其家属均知情同意)的嗅球,消化成单个嗅鞘细胞后培养2周,细胞浓度约2×1010L-1。于患者相应脊髓损伤上端(平T11椎体)做1个锁孔,直径约3cm,在脊髓损伤部位与正常脊髓交界处沿中线于无血管区,分两点用4.5号细针共注入100μL(第1次手术)、50μL(第2次手术)嗅鞘细胞悬液,细胞数均为1×106个。第2次移植术前进行供、受体细胞HLA配型,术后口服FK506胶囊2mg,2次/d,共42d。结果:①第1次术后3个月,排尿能控制6h,双足运动功能改善,性功能改善,阴茎勃起功能改善,疼痛减轻。②第2次术后10d,双下肢双足皮肤泌汗功能改善,右下肢疼痛减轻,腹部皮肤感觉稍有好转,针刺觉左侧由术前T10皮节消失好转至T10减退。较第2次移植前椎旁躯体感觉诱发电位有所改善,双侧椎旁电位从T10下降到T12。结论:胚胎嗅鞘细胞二次移植能继续改善晚期脊髓损伤患者的神经功能。但移植的细胞数量、容积、注射点位置等需深入探讨。