Abnormalities in surfactant in sudden infant death syndrome as a postmortem marker and possible test of risk

To determine whether physical abnormalities in lung surfactant, particularly inversion of the hysteresis between surface tension and surface area, are an effective postmortem marker for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS).

Methodology:

Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was employed to obtain lung rinsings from 55 infants under 24 months of age at autopsy, comprising 34 index cases and 21 controls. Folch reagent was used to extract the lipoid content which was then applied at two surface concentrations, fixed and BAL-determined (BALD), to the pool of a Langmuir trough in which surface tension (γ) was measured continuously by the Wilhelmy method as surface area ( A ) was cycled.

Results:

The γ: A loops from SIDS samples were inverted relative to controls (i.e. they were hysteresis reversed, this inversion being quantified by an empirical surface tension:area reversal (STAR) score). There was a wide scatter of STAR scores, but a critical value was found which offered a significant ( P = 0.017) separation of SIDS cases from controls for a fixed surface concentration and a highly significant separation ( P = 1.0 × 10^-4) for BALD surface concentrations. Differences in the yields of phospholipid and proteolipid, or their correlation to STAR scores, did not reach statistical significance.

Conclusions:

Inversion of the γ: A loops (i.e. hysteresis inversion) would appear to offer a better postmortem marker of SIDS than any reported previously, the procedure having potential for development as a prospective test indicating the risk of this disease.     

用改良消减法克隆类风湿性关节炎滑膜细胞中的高表达基因

0　引言　在类风湿性关节炎 (rheumatoid arthritis,RA)中 ,关节内滑膜细胞 (fibroblast- like synovial cells,FL S)的过度增生是造成关节软骨破坏和关节畸形的关键环节 ,为了研究滑膜细胞发生增殖的机制 ,我们采用赵忠良等人设计的改良消减杂交法[1 ] ,并以骨性关节炎 (osteoarthritis,OA)滑膜细胞为对照筛选 RA滑膜细胞中的高表达基因 .1　方法　将 RA滑膜细胞和 OA滑膜细胞分别设定为实验组和扣除组 ,用扣除组的 c DNAs杂交扣除掉实验组中与前者相同的 c DNAs,得到的就是目的产物 :实验组中高拷贝数的或独有的 c DNAs,也就是 …     

The effect of mydriasis from phenylephrine on corneal shape

Purpose: A previous study reported that pharmacologically‐dilated pupils changed the corneal shape. Researchers used mydriatic agents with significant cycloplegic effect. The current study investigates the effect of mydriasis on corneal shape using phenylephrine alone, where phenylephrine has minimal effect on the accommodative system and whether corneal topography can be done after pupil dilation. Methods: Forty‐four young healthy subjects with one eye randomly selected for mydriasis were used in this study. Twenty‐two received one drop of 2.5% phenylephrine (group 1); the other 22 subjects had one drop of 0.4% benoxinate instilled prior to the application of 2.5% phenylephrine (group 2). They were matched for age and refractive error. Anterior chamber depth, pupil size and corneal parameters were compared before and after mydriasis. The corneal parameters included best‐fit sphere (BFS), surface asymmetry index (SAI), surface regularity index (SRI) and the axial and tangential powers in the form of flattest and steepest powers, and in the form of M, J₀, and J₄₅ vector presentation. Results: Group 1 and group 2 subjects had similar pre‐mydriatic baseline ocular parameters. The mean (± SD) pupil dilation was 1.24 ± 0.59 mm for group 1 and 1.80 ± 0.95 mm for group 2. The dilation was significantly larger in group 2 (unpaired t‐tests: t = 2.36, p = 0.02). There were no significant changes in corneal parameters from mydriasis in either group. Conclusions: Previous investigations used mydriatic agents, which affected not only the pupil size but also accommodation. The current study found that mydriasis from phenylephrine, with minimal effect on accommodation, did not result in significant corneal alteration, and corneal topography can be measured after pupil dilation with phenylephrine.     

阿霉素羧甲基葡聚糖微球犬肝动脉栓塞后阿霉素的体内过程

研究了阿霉素羧甲基葡聚糖微球经肝动脉栓塞后的体内动力学过程、靶向特征和微球在体内的肝动脉栓塞效果。对犬进行肝动脉栓塞实验,并与肝动脉阿霉素(ADM)溶液灌注组进行对照。用HPLC荧光检测外周静脉和组织中药物浓度。结果表明:微球组峰浓度为0.558μg/ml,溶液组为1.013μg/ml;微球组的T_1/2(α),T_1/2(β)和MRT分别为溶液组的2.82,3.19和1.28倍。栓塞不同部位组织中ADM浓度,微球组分别是溶液组的8.0和9.1倍。动态血管造影表明:肝内外未见侧枝循环形成,栓塞作用持久,16周后微球仍未见完全降解。     

HPLC测定睾酮乳膏中睾酮的含量

采用ＨＰＬＣ测定睾酮乳膏中睾酮的含量，以甲醇－水（７０：３０）为流动相，波长２４０ｎｍ，在４０－３６０μｇ／ｍｌ范围内线性关系良好ｒ＝０．９９９９，本法操作简便，回收率高。     

抗癌抗生素C1027与单克隆抗体Fab片段偶联物的抗肝癌作用

抗人肝癌单克隆抗体(单抗)3A₅用木瓜蛋白酶消化得到Fab片段。单抗3A₅和Fab片段分别与抗癌抗生素C1027偶联,偶联物经克隆生成法测定对肝癌细胞有很强的杀伤作用,C1027,Fab-C1027和3;3A₅-C1027的IC₅₀分别为6.5×10^-16,8.6×10^-16和4.2×10^-14mol·L^-1;Fab-C1027偶联物对非靶细胞(KB)的IC₅₀值为1.4×10^-13mol·L^-1,与靶细胞(BEL-7402)的IC₅₀值相比,两者相差160倍。说明Fab-C1027的杀伤活性强于3A₅-C1027,并对靶细胞呈选择性杀伤作用。给皮下移植人肝癌的裸鼠iv剂量0.1 mg·kg^-1,结果C1027和Fab-C1027的抑瘤率分别为59和85%,说明Fab片段与C1027偶联物比游离C1027的疗效更高。     

丝瓜叶中丝瓜皂甙O的化学结构研究

丝瓜叶中丝瓜皂甙Ｏ的化学结构研究梁龙，鲁灵恩，蔡元聪（四川省中药研究所重庆６３００６５）丝瓜（ＬｕｆｆａｃｙｌｉｎｄｒｉｃａＲｏｅｍ．）为常食蔬菜，其果实和藤叶中含有多种生理活性的化学物质。我们从丝瓜叶中分离出１３个五环三萜类化合物，前文（１～３）已...     

Hyperphosphorylation and accumulation of neurofilament proteins in Alzheimer brain and the possible mechanism

Hyperphosphorylation and accumulation of neurofilament proteins in Alzheimer brain and the possible mechanism     

Immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloproteinases in the granulomatous rosacea compared with the non‐granulomatous rosacea

Background There is a granulomatous variant which is recognized in the rosacea spectrum. However, the pathogenesis of granuloma formation in rosacea has not been clearly demonstrated. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are required for recruitment of inflammatory cells and for tissue remodelling, making way for the development of well‐organized granuloma. Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of transforming growth factor (TGF)‐β, TGF‐β type II receptor (TβRII), Tumour necrosis factor (TNF)‐α, MMP‐1, 2 and 9 in the granulomatous rosacea (GR) compared with the non‐granulomatous rosacea (NGR) and test the hypothesis that the changes of these profiles in GR would be related with chronic ultraviolet radiation (UVR)‐exposure. Methods Facial skin samples were obtained from 20 patients with GR and NGR (control group). The sections were stained using haematoxylin and eosin, Verhoeff’s elastic stain, and antibodies to TGF‐β, TβRII, TNF‐α, MMP‐1, ‐2 and ‐9. Results The amount of elastotic material was significantly increased in the dermis of GR lesions. Expression of TGF‐β was significantly decreased in the epidermis of GR lesions compared with NGR lesions. In addition, the expression of MMP‐9 was significantly increased in the dermis of GR lesions compared with NGR lesions, especially at the centre of the granuloma on a semi‐quantitative analysis. MMP‐2 expression was also increased in GR lesions, although the difference between the two groups was not statistically significant. Conclusions The results of this study suggest that the increased expression of MMPs in the dermis may participate in granuloma formation of GR in association with UVR.