人单克隆抗体与平阳霉素偶联物治疗乳腺癌实验研究

抗乳腺癌人单抗CMI用DextranT-40为中介体的方法与平阳霉素(PYM)偶联,体外实验显示CMI-PYM偶联物对人乳腺癌细胞的IC₅₀(抑制50%克隆生成浓度)为0.35μmol·L^-1;游离PYM为4.0μmol·L^-1。裸鼠体内实验证明,局部给予CMI-PYM偶联物(2.5mg·kg^-1)对移植的人乳腺癌抑制率达95%,等剂量平阳霉素为58%。结果表明人单抗CMI-平阳霉素偶联物对乳腺癌有显著疗效,偶联物对肿瘤的抑制作用比游离平阳霉素更强。     

Synergism between interleukin-6 and interleukin-3 in supporting proliferation of human hematopoietic stem cells: comparison with interleukin-1 alpha

Currently available evidence suggests that in the steady state, the majority of hematopoietic stem cells are dormant in cell cycle and reside in the so-called G0 period. Studies in our laboratory indicated that once a stem cell leaves G0, its subsequent proliferation requires the presence of interleukin-3 (IL-3). Recently it was reported that interleukin-1 (IL-1) may stimulate stem cells to become sensitive to IL- 3. In a separate study, we observed that interleukin-6 (IL-6, also known as B cell stimulatory factor-2/interferon beta 2) possesses synergism with IL-3, shortening the G0 period of murine hematopoietic stem cells. We report here that human IL-6 and IL-3 act synergistically in support of the proliferation of progenitors for human blast cell colonies and that IL-1 alpha reveals no synergism with IL-3 when tested against purified human marrow progenitors. Panned My-10+ human marrow cells were plated in culture and on day 14 of incubation, either IL-3, IL-6, IL-1 alpha or a combination of these factors was added to the cultures. Blast cell colony formation was analyzed daily between days 18 and 32 of culture. IL-6 or IL-1 alpha alone failed to support blast cell colony formation. In the presence of IL-3 alone, blast cell colonies continued to emerge between days 21 and 27. When a combination of IL-3 and IL-6 was added, blast cell colonies developed earlier than in cultures with IL-3 alone and twice as many blast cell colonies were identified. IL-1 alpha failed to augment IL-3-dependent blast cell colony formation. Replating studies of the individual blast cell colonies revealed various types of single as well as multilineage colonies. These observations suggest that IL-6 shortens the G0 period of human hematopoietic stem cells and that the reported synergistic activities of IL-1 on primitive hematopoietic cells may be indirect.     

Use of all-trans retinoic acid in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia

Twenty-four patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) were treated with all-trans retinoic acid (45 to 100 mg/m2/day). Of these, eight cases had been either nonresponsive or resistant to previous chemotherapy; the other 16 cases were previously untreated. All patients attained complete remission without developing bone marrow hypoplasia. Bone marrow suspension cultures were studied in 15 of the 24 patients. Fourteen of these patients had morphological maturation in response to the retinoic acid (1 mumol/L). Chloroacetate esterase and alpha-naphthyl acetate esterase staining as well as electronmicroscopic examination confirmed that retinoic acid-induced cells differentiated to granulocytes with increased functional maturation (as measured by nitroblue tetrazolium reduction, NBT). The single nonresponder to retinoic acid in vitro was resistant to treatment with retinoic acid but attained complete remission after addition of low-dose cytosine arabinoside (ara-C). During the course of therapy, none of the patients showed any abnormalities in the coagulation parameters we measured, suggesting an absence of any subclinical disseminated intravascular coagulation. The only side effects consisted of mild dryness of the lips and skin, with occasional headaches and digestive symptoms. Eight patients have relapsed after 2 to 5 months of complete remission. The others remain in complete remission at 1+ to 11+ months and are still being followed up. We conclude that all-trans retinoic acid is an effective inducer for attaining complete remission in APL.     

Cost‐effectiveness of CT thorax and bronchoscopy in haemoptysis with normal CXR for exclusion of lung cancer

As fibre‐optic bronchoscopy and CT thorax become more widely used, patients with haemoptysis who had normal CXR and sputum results are more commonly offered both CT and bronchoscopy to exclude lung cancer. Doctors who are under possible litigation pressure arising from missed diagnoses of lung cancer are often exhaustive in their investigations, even when the haemoptysis has been transient. The present study aims to investigate the number of cancer patients who can be detected with the two investigations, and compare recent similar study results with archive results. We found that despite the use of more efficient investigation tools, the yield is paradoxically much lower and, hence, less cost‐effective than that of previous studies. The likely reason is that doctors tend to over‐investigate, even for short‐term, minimal blood‐streaked sputum, which is common among simple bronchitis. In order to be more cost‐effective, these investigations should be used more selectively and for high risk patients such as those with prolonged haemoptysis and those who are heavy smokers.     

Classification between normal and tumor tissues based on the pair-wise gene expression ratio

Background  

Precise classification of cancer types is critically important for early cancer diagnosis and treatment. Numerous efforts have been made to use gene expression profiles to improve precision of tumor classification. However, reliable cancer-related signals are generally lacking.     

B型实时超声监护指示大孕周人工流产

0　引言　人工流产终止孕 12～ 14wk妊娠是临床上较难处理的问题 ,若依常规方法钳刮则并发症多 ,危险性大 .现多数医院均建议孕妇待孕 5 mo后再行引产 ,但患者所受身心痛苦大 .我们采用 B型实时超声监护指导大孕周人工流产 ,效果满意 .1　对象和方法1.1　对象　 34例孕 12～ 14wk孕妇为我院 1997/ 1998门诊就诊的患者 ,平均年龄 2 6 .8(18～ 43)岁 ,其中经产妇 10例 ,初产妇 2 4例 ;孕 12 wk8例 ,13wk2 1例 ,14wk5例 ;术前常规检查血常规、白带常规 ,B超确定胚胎大小、顶臀径、胎盘位置 .1.2　方法　选用日本 Aloka SSD- 2 10 ,SSD- 6 2…     

野菊花水提液抗氧化作用的实验研究

目的：观察野菊花水提液的体内外抗氧化的作用。方法：分别用ＴＢＡ法、ＤＴＮＢ法及紫外分光光度测定脂质过氧化（ＬＰＯ）产物ＭＤＡ的含量、全血谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（ＧＳＨ－Ｐx）及过氧化氢酶（ＣＡＴ）活力。结果：野菊花水提液体外可抑制大鼠心、脑、肝、肾组织自动ＬＰＯ及由Ｈ２Ｏ２引发的红细胞脂质过氧及溶血;小鼠ｉｇ给药２ｇ／（ｋｇ．ｄ）７ｄ,可显著升高全血ＧＳＨ－Ｐx、ＣＡＴ活力（Ｐ〈０．０５）。结论：野菊     

异位妊娠时宫内膜的临床病理特点

1 临床资料 1990-01/2003-12相关资料齐全的异位妊娠520例.年龄20～48岁.有明显闭经史502(96.5%)例,闭经40 d～3 mo;无明显闭经史18(3.5%)例,但有不规则阴道出血史.     

表皮干细胞标记物鉴定及应用现状

学术背景：大面积烧伤，创伤，癌症溃疡等造成的皮肤组织缺损问题越来越突出，尤其是大面积烧伤患者的自身皮源不足，因此需要一种有效的修复创面的方法。 目的：总结表皮干细胞特异性标记物的研究及应用现状。 检索策略：应用计算机检索PubMed 1980/2006年有关表皮干细胞特异性标记物的研究及应用的文章，检索词为“epidermal stem cells，Specific markers”，并限定文章语言种类为英文。共检索到50篇相关文献，排除重复文献，共纳入29篇。 文献评价：文献的来源主要是关表皮干细胞特异性标记物的研究及应用的文章。所选用的29篇文献中，均为临床或基础实验研究。 资料综合：表皮干细胞作为皮肤组织的特异性干细胞，不仅是维持皮肤新陈代谢的主要功能细胞，而且与创面修复紧密相关，是皮肤及其附属器发生、修复、改建的基础，因此可以作为组织工程皮肤的种子细胞。表皮干细胞的研究目前已经取得了长足进展，但是，仍有许多问题待解决：表皮干细胞缺乏特异性标记物，较难筛选；增殖周期长，体外培养中分化增殖的调控机制不十分清楚，目前研究的组织工程皮肤还没有皮肤附属结构，还不能称为是真正意义上的皮肤等问题。结论：表皮干细胞作为理想的种子细胞，为修复各种原因造成的皮肤缺损提供了机会窗口，开启了临床应用干细胞治疗的时代，这将为解决各种原因造成的皮肤缺损导致的皮源不足问题以及皮肤缺损的功能修复带来曙光。