Artificial insemination and in-vitro fertilization using donor spermatozoa: a report on 15 years of experience

Donor insemination (DI) using cryopreserved semen commenced at The Royal Women's Hospital in 1976. Over the next 15 years we performed 5953 treatment cycles to achieve 816 pregnancies (13.7% per cycle) and 706 live births. In-vitro fertilization (IVF) using donor spermatozoa commenced in 1986. Over the next 5 years we performed 303 treatment cycles for 185 couples. Including subsequent transfer of cryopreserved embryos, a total of 33% of couples achieved a successful pregnancy by IVF. Statistical analysis indicated that, for DI pregnancies, the most important semen variable was the percentage post-thaw motility, whilst for normal fertilization in IVF it was the pre-freeze motility. These results may be explained by the compensatory effects of post-thaw processing of spermatozoa for IVF, but not for DI in our clinic.      

Bifidobacterium adolescentis Isolated from Different Hosts Modifies the Intestinal Microbiota and Displays Differential Metabolic and Immunomodulatory Properties in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

The incidence of obesity, which is closely associated with the gut microbiota and chronic inflammation, has rapidly increased in the past 40 years. Therefore, the probiotic-based modification of the intestinal microbiota composition has been developed as a strategy for the treatment of obesity. In this study, we selected four Bifidobacterium adolescentis strains isolated from the feces of newborn and elderly humans to investigate whether supplementation with B. adolescentis of various origins could alleviate obesity in mice. Male C57BL/6J mice fed a high-fat diet (HFD, 60% energy as fat) received one of the following 14-week interventions: (i) B. adolescentis N4_N3, (ii) B. adolescentis Z25, (iii) B. adolescentis 17_3, (iv) B. adolescentis 2016_7_2, and (v) phosphate-buffered saline. The metabolic parameters, thermogenesis, and immunity of all treated mice were measured. Cecal and colonic microbial profiles were determined by 16S rRNA gene sequencing. Intestinal concentrations of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) were measured by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The B. adolescentis strains isolated from the feces of elderly humans (B. adolescentis Z25, 17_3, and 2016_7_2) decreased the body weight or weight gain of mice, whilst the strain isolated from the newborn (B. adolescentis N4_N3) increased the body weight of mice. The B. adolescentis strains isolated from the elderly also increased serum leptin concentrations and induced the expression of thermogenesis- and lipid metabolism-related genes in brown adipose tissue. All the B. adolescentis strains alleviated inflammations in the spleen and brain and modified the cecal and colonic microbiota. Particularly, all strains reversed the HFD-induced depletion of Bifidobacterium and reduced the development of beta-lactam resistance. In addition, the B. adolescentis strains isolated from the elderly increased the relative abundances of potentially beneficial genera, such as Bacteroides, Parabacteroides, and Faecalibaculum. We speculate that such increased abundance of commensal bacteria may have mediated the alleviation of obesity, as B. adolescentis supplementation decreased the intestinal production of SCFAs, thereby reducing energy delivery to the host mice. Our results revealed that certain strains of B. adolescentis can alleviate obesity and modify the gut microbiota of mice. The tested strains of B. adolescentis showed different effects on lipid metabolism and immunity regulation, with these effects related to whether they had been isolated from the feces of newborn or elderly humans. This indicates that B. adolescentis from different sources may have disparate effects on host health possibly due to the transmission of origin-specific functions to the host.     

内镜下气囊扩张治疗贲门失驰缓症临床应用研究

目的 :探讨贲门失弛缓症患者食管动力学及气囊扩张的疗效。方法 :在内镜及X线监视下 ,用OTW气囊对 1 6例患者进行扩张 ,压力为 80～ 1 5 5kPa,维持 30s～1min ,反复 3～ 5次。对 7例患者在扩张前后使用瑞典产C—TD、PCPolyral压力测定仪作了下食管括约肌 (LES)压力、上食管括约肌 (UES)压力检测。结果 :1 6例患者临床症状显著改善 ,可进半流食和普食。 7例患者治疗前LES压力 (7 4± 1 4)kPa,扩张治疗LES压力 (3 4± 0 5 2 )kPa ,扩张治疗后LES压力较治疗前明显下降 (P <0 0 1 )。结论 :贲门失弛缓症存在明显食管动力障碍 ,气囊扩张疗效显著 ,采用渐进式气囊扩张方法 ,可避免食管穿孔的发生。     

针灸治疗原发性痛经68例临床观察

采用针刺配隔姜灸治疗原发性痛经 6 8例 ,总有效率 97.0 6 % ,与药物对照组相比 ,P<0 .0 1 ,说明针灸治疗组疗效明显优于药物对照组     

急性早幼粒细胞型白血病止血凝血检测及其临床意义

目的：探讨争民性早幼粒细胞型白血病的止血凝血变化及其对临床意义的影响。方法：应用放射免疫法、单抗酶联免疫法和发色底物法,对21例初入院的急性早幼粒细胞型白血病（APL）患者于化疗前和获得完全缓解后,进行血浆血栓烷（TXB2）、血管性假血友病因子抗原（VWF：Ag)、抗凝血酶原-Ⅲ（AT-Ⅲ）以及纤维蛋白原（Fg)、凝血酶原时间（PT）等检测,并与正常对照观察。结果：化疗前21例患者血浆TXB2、WVF：Ag、AT-Ⅲ、PT、Fg水平与正常对照比较有明显不同（分别P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01),经治疗后获得完全缓解的13例患者血浆TXB2、VWF：Ag、AT-Ⅲ、PT、Fg水平与化疗前对照亦有明显不同（分别P＜0.05,P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01,P＜0.01)。结论：APL患者的止血凝血障碍由多种因素形成,而且患者止血凝血障碍的 病理变化是普遍存在的。     

前部增生性玻璃体视网膜病变引起慢性低眼压房水生成率的测定

目的：探讨前部增生性玻璃体视网膜病变（anterior prolieferative vitreoretinopathy,aPVR)低眼压状态下房水生成率变化,从房水动力学的角度揭示aPVR引起慢性低眼压的发病机制。方法：利用培养的同种兔皮肤成纤维细胞制作aPVR引起慢性低眼的动物模型。于术前及术后不同时间点分别观测眼压、术后14d,28d,56d分别以高效液相色谱仪测量房水荧光素清除率,进一步计算房水生成率。结果：术后2周、4周、8周实验组平均眼压、房水生成率明显低于对照组（P＜0．05或P＜0．01）。结论：在aPVR病理状态下,低眼压的形成与房水生成率下降有关。     

瘦素受体Gln223Arg基因多态性与不同葡萄糖耐量血清瘦素的相关性研究

目的 :研究瘦素受体基因Gln2 2 3Arg等位基因与不同葡萄糖耐量中血清瘦素及其它代谢指标的关系。方法 :运用聚合酶链反应 限制性片段长度多态性 (PCR RFLP)方法测定无亲缘关系 ,不同葡萄糖耐量 198例北京地区汉族人的瘦素受体基因Gln2 2 3Arg等位基因 ,同时分析其与临床资料的相关性。结果 :不同等位基因型的瘦素水平无显著差异 ,而在葡萄糖耐量减低 (IGT)男性 ,Gln2 2 3Arg等位基因有较高的胆固醇水平 [(7 2 6±1 95 )和 (5 31± 1 31)mmol/L ,P =0 0 4]和较高的收缩压 [(18 8± 1 2 )和 (17 2± 1 6 )kPa ,P =0 0 3]。结论 :瘦素受体Gln2 2 3Arg基因多态性与不同葡萄糖耐量的血清瘦素无关 ,但与机体代谢有一定关系     

农村居民吸烟行为的危险因素探讨

目的：调查农村居民吸烟情况及其危险因素。方法：通过整群抽样方法调查了12696名15岁以上农村居民的吸烟情况,同时收集其他相关信息。利用SAS软件包对这些资料进行卡方检验及logistic回归等分析。结果：观察烟者占3．12％,男性现吸烟率（61．68％）明显高于女性（3．37％）人群总戒烟率为11．78％,其中因“患病”而戒烟者占72．14％,经Loistic回归分析,发现性别、年龄、低文化程度、婚史、家庭成员有吸烟者均为吸烟行为的影响因素,结论：那些离异、文化程度低、年龄小于45岁的男性为吸烟行为的高危人群。     

饮食服务业从业人员乙型肝炎病毒感染动态研究

目的为了解泰安市饮食服务业从业人员乙型肝炎病毒感染状况。方法应用ELISA方法在1995～1999年对53434名饮食服务业从业人员进行了血清HBsAg、抗-HBc、HBeAg和抗-HBe检测。结果1995～1999年饮食服务业从业人员血清HBsAg、抗-HBc、HBeAg和抗-HBe总阳性率呈逐年下降趋势,依次为4.41%、3.88%、3.46%、2.86%和2.50%,其差异有显著意义（χ