Influence of moxa smoke on mitochondrial transmembrane potential and Bax/Bcl-2 in alveolar type II epithelial A549 cells

Objective

To investigate the influence of moxibustion products on mitochondrial transmembrane potential (MTP) and mRNA expression of Bax/Bcl-2 in alveolar type II epithelial A549 cells, and to further explore influence of moxibustion products on the oxidative damage of A549 cells.

Methods

Smoke and particles generated by moxibustion were collected using the filter box for gas sampling. The moxa smoke extract (MSE) was diluted sequentially to the final concentrations of 0.05 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL, 0.3 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL using the cell culture medium, and A549 cells were then intervened by the above MSE solution. Cell MTP was detected by JC-1 staining. Fluorescence quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect Bax/Bcl-2 mRNA expression of A549 cells.

Results

Compared with cells in the normal control group, MTP was significantly decreased in cells of 0.3 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention groups (P<0.01); while MTP showed no significant changes in cells of 0.05 mg/mL, 0.1 mg/mL and 0.2 mg/mL MSE intervention groups (P>0.05); compared with cells in 0.05 mg/mL MSE intervention group, MTP was decreased significantly in cells of 0.1 mg/mL, 0.2 mg/mL, 0.3 mg/mL and 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention groups (P<0.05 ); compared with cells in 0.1 mg/mL MSE intervention group, MTP was decreased significantly in cells of 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention group (P<0.01). Bax mRNA expression of cells in each concentration of MSE intervention group all showed no significant difference compared to that in the normal control group; Bcl-2 mRNA expression of cells was reduced with the increase of MSE intervention concentration. Wherein, Bcl-2 mRNA expressions of cells in 0.4 mg/mL and 0.3 mg/mL MSE intervention groups were significantly reduced compared with that of cells in the normal control group (P<0.05); Bcl-2 mRNA expression of cells in 0.4 mg/mL MSE intervention group was significantly reduced compared to that in 0.05 mg/mL MSE intervention group (P<0.05).

Conclusion

Certain higher concentration of moxa smoke could reduce MTP and mRNA expression of the anti-apoptosis gene Bcl-2 in alveolar type II epithelial A549 cells. Oxidative damage may be the important mechanism of apoptosis caused by the high concentration of moxa smoke solution, and further studies are necessary on the specific mechanisms.

     

川芎嗪对肺心病急性加重期患者血浆血小板聚集率、血栓素B2、6-酮-前列腺素F1α、血管性假血友病因子及血气的影响

目的：研究大剂量川芎嗪对肺心病急性加重期患者血小板功能和血管内皮细胞功能及血气的影响。方法：将５６例肺心病急性加重期患者分为川芎嗪治疗组和对照组，分别于治疗前后采用比浊法，酶标法等测定血小板聚集率，血栓素Ｂ２，６－酮－前列腺素Ｆ１α，血管性假血友病因子，动脉血氧分压和二氧化碳分压，氧饱和度水平。     

头皮针联合康复训练对脑卒中后轻度认知障碍患者脑血流动力学及血管内皮功能的影响

目的:观察头皮针联合康复训练对脑卒中后轻度认知障碍患者血管内皮功能及脑血流动力学的影响。方法:选取2011年3月至2017年3月辽宁中医药大学附属第二医院收治并确诊为脑卒中(缺血性脑梗死与脑出血)后合并轻度认知障碍的患者100例,按照入选的先后顺序分为观察组与对照组,每组50例,对照组给予常规药物治疗与康复训练治疗,观察组在对照组基础上给予头皮针治疗,连续治疗3个月。治疗前与治疗过程中(2周、1个月、3个月)比较2组脑循环参数[经颅多普勒超声(TCD)测量双侧椎动脉(VA)、大脑中动脉(MCA)、大脑前动脉(ACA)阻力指数(RI)]、血管内皮功能[血清一氧化氮(NO)、内皮素-1(ET-1)]的变化。结果:治疗后2组的双侧VA、MCA、ACA的RI均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),且治疗后各时间点观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05);治疗过程中(2周、1个月、3个月) 2组的血清NO均高于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),且治疗后各时间点观察组高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),治疗后2组的血清ET-1均低于治疗前,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05),且治疗后各时间点观察组低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P 0. 05)。结论:头皮针结合康复训练能通过改善脑卒中后合并轻度认知障碍患者的血管内皮功能而调节血流动力学。     

以激素为对照的口服中药治疗肺间质纤维化的系统评价

目的：评价口服中药治疗肺间质纤维化的疗效和安全性。方法：计算机检索CNKI、VIP、CBM、PubMed和万方数据库等资源,收集以激素为对照的口服中药治疗肺间质纤维化的临床随机对照试验,按 Cochrane 系统评价方法,对纳入研究进行方法学质量评价,并采用 RevMan 5.2 软件进行 Meta 分析。结果：符合纳入标准的研究共22项（1 338例）。Meta分析结果显示：与激素比较,口服中药可提高治疗肺间质纤维化的有效率[RR=1.29,95%CI（1.16,1.42）,P<0.000 01];缓解咳嗽[MD=-0.57,95%CI（-0.83,-0.30）,P<0.000 1]、喘息[MD=-0.67,95%CI（-1.20,-0.14）,P=0.01]、气短[MD=-0.45,95%CI（-0.65,-0.25）,P<0.000 1]等症状;改善肺部Velcro啰音[MD=-0.49,95%CI（-0.73,-0.25）,P<0.000 1];提高用力肺活量（FVC）[SMD=0.37,95%CI（0.16,0.58）,P=0.000 7]、第一秒用力呼气量百分率（FEV1%）[MD=6.63,95%CI（1.67,11.60）,P=0.009]、动脉血氧分压（PaO2）[MD=4.87,95%CI（2.74,7.01）,P<0.000 01];减少肺部再感染次数[RR=0.75,95%CI（0.67,0.84）,P<0.000 01]。结论：口服中药较激素治疗肺间质纤维化具有一定的优势,但由于本系统评价纳入研究的方法学质量偏低,影响了结论的可靠性,该结论尚需更高质量、多中心、大样本的临床随机双盲对照试验加以证实。     

基于中医传承辅助平台探索胡晓梅治疗骨髓增殖性肿瘤的用药规律

目的：基于中医传承辅助平台（V2.5）,探讨胡晓梅治疗骨髓增殖性肿瘤(myeloproliferative neoplasms,MPNs)的用药规律,为MPNs的治疗提供新思路。方法：通过回顾性研究方法,收集胡晓梅治疗MPNs门诊有效处方50首,应用中医传承辅助平台构建胡晓梅治疗MPNs的数据库。结果：对胡晓梅数据库中症状、四气、五味、归经分布、频次统计、组方规律和新方进行分析,得出胡晓梅治疗MPNs的常用药物有柴胡、赤芍、生地黄、红花等15种,核心组合药物中多见红花、赤芍等药物与柴胡关联,并演化得到8首治疗MPNs的新处方。结论：以中医传承辅助系统为平台,利用文本挖掘、关联规则等数据挖掘方法,较好地挖掘了胡晓梅治疗MPNs的用药规律,即从虚、毒、瘀病理因素入手,以益气活血解毒为法,扶正祛邪兼顾。     

紫花高乌头总碱对实验性吗啡戒断症状的影响

目的:观察紫花高乌头总碱对吗啡戒断症状的影响。方法:采用剂量递增法复制吗啡依赖小鼠和大鼠模型,注射纳洛酮催促产生戒断症状。结果:紫花高乌头总碱可减少小鼠的跳跃反应,降低大鼠的戒断反应症状分值,不同程度的控制小鼠和大鼠的体重下降。结论:紫花高乌头总碱可抑制吗啡依赖动物的戒断症状。     

Efficacy of herb-partitioned moxibustion at Qihai(CV 6) and bilateral Tianshu(ST 25) on colonic damage and the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway in rats with Crohn's disease

OBJECTIVE: To observe the effect of stimulating Qihai(CV 6) and bilateral Tianshu(ST 25) with herb-partitioned moxibustion(HPM) in rats with Crohn's disease(CD), and to investigate the possible anti-inflammatory mechanism of HPM.METHODS: Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups(n = 10 rats per group): normal control(NC), model control(MC), mesalamine(MES), and HPM. The CD rat model was established in the MC,MES, and HPM groups by administering a mixture of trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid and alcohol via enema. The HPM group received HPM on Qihai(CV 6)and bilateral Tianshu(ST 25), while the MES group received intragastric mesalamine. Colonic histomorphological scores, and serum concentrations of tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α) and interleukin 1β(IL-1β) were assessed to evaluate the effects of HPM on colonic reparation and anti-inflammation.The expressions of Toll-like receptor 4(TLR-4), nuclear factor κB inhibitor α(IκB-α), IκB kinase α/β(IKKα/β), and NF-κB p65 were further analyzed to investigate the regulatory effects of the interventions on the TLR4/NF-κB pathway.RESULTS: CD rats showed inflammatory colonic damage and increased serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β. The expressions of TLR4, IKKα/β,and NF-κB p65 in the colons of CD rats were significantly increased compared with the NC group,while the expression of IκBα(a key negative regulator of NF-κB p65) was decreased. HPM significantly mitigated colonic damage and reduced the serum concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β. HPM downregulated the expressions of TLR4, IKKα/β, and NF-κB p65 in the colon, and upregulated the expression of IκBα. The effects of HPM in CD rats were similar to those of mesalamine.CONCLUSION: HPM alleviates colonic inflammation in CD rats. This may be achieved through regulation of TLR4, which induces NF-κB signal transduction.     

姬松茸多糖与OVA共同免疫改善E.G7-OVA荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的研究

目的通过小鼠体内免疫的方法,观察姬松茸多糖与模型肿瘤抗原卵清白蛋白(OVA)共同免疫对E.G7-OVA荷瘤小鼠免疫功能的影响。方法姬松茸多糖(高、中、低剂量)与OVA共同免疫E.G7-OVA荷瘤小鼠,观察其对EG7荷瘤小鼠脾指数、胸腺指数以及小鼠外周血中T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+和CD8+比例的影响。结果姬松茸多糖(高、中剂量)与OVA共同免疫组小鼠的脾指数、胸腺指数明显大于单独使用OVA组,外周血中CD4+/CD8+T细胞比值也有明显升高。结论姬松茸多糖能够辅助OVA改善EG7-OVA荷瘤小鼠的免疫功能状态,姬松茸多糖可能作为免疫佐剂用于肿瘤的预防与治疗。     

黄芩提取物多指标成分鉴定及指纹图谱的研究

目的：应用超高效液相串联飞行时间质谱法鉴定黄芩提取物中黄芩苷、汉黄芩苷、黄芩素、汉黄芩素4种活性成分及其指纹图谱同时检测的方法。方法：以ACQUITYTM UPLC BEH C₁₈色谱柱（2.1mm×100mm,1.7μm）,乙腈-0.1%甲酸溶液梯度洗脱,流速0.2mL?min^-1,检测波长275nm,柱温30℃。结果：4种成分色谱显示分离度良好,经质谱得到各成分离子碎片,查阅相关文献均得以证实,并在同一色谱条件下检测指纹图谱,结果显示相似度良好。结论：该方法简便、灵敏、准确,可用于黄芩提取物的质量控制研究。     

Antifungal Activity of Gallic Acid In Vitro and In Vivo

Gallic acid (GA) is a polyphenol natural compound found in many medicinal plant species, including pomegranate rind (Punica granatum L.), and has been shown to have antiinflammatory and antibacterial properties. Pomegranate rind is used to treat bacterial and fungal pathogens in Uyghur and other systems of traditional medicine, but, surprisingly, the effects of GA on antifungal activity have not yet been reported. In this study, we aimed to investigate the inhibitory effects of GA on fungal strains both in vitro and in vivo. The minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined by the NCCLS (M38‐A and M27‐A2) standard method in vitro, and GA was found to have a broad spectrum of antifungal activity, with MICs for all the tested dermatophyte strains between 43.75 and 83.33 μg/mL. Gallic acid was also active against three Candida strains, with MICs between 12.5 and 100.0 μg/mL. The most sensitive Candida species was Candida albicans (MIC = 12.5 μg/mL), and the most sensitive filamentous species was Trichophyton rubrum (MIC = 43.75 μg/mL), which was comparable in potency to the control, fluconazole. The mechanism of action was investigated for inhibition of ergosterol biosynthesis using an HPLC‐based assay and an enzyme linked immunosorbent assay. Gallic acid reduced the activity of sterol 14α‐demethylase P450 (CYP51) and squalene epoxidase in the T. rubrum membrane, respectively. In vivo model demonstrated that intraperitoneal injection administration of GA (80 mg/kg d) significantly enhanced the cure rate in a mice infection model of systemic fungal infection. Overall, our results confirm the antifungal effects of GA and suggest a mechanism of action, suggesting that GA has the potential to be developed further as a natural antifungal agent for clinical use. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.