后腹腔镜肾癌根治术并发症7例总结

目的 总结后腹腔镜肾癌根治术并发症的经验. 方法 我院2002年11月～2006年5月行后腹腔镜下肾癌根治术122例,共发生并发症7例,发生率5.7%.第1例精索静脉损伤,中转开放手术止血,出血量约1000 ml,输血800 ml.第2例副肾动脉出血,术中仅用超声刀切断,术后20 h血压下降至90/60 mm Hg,再次手术,用4号线结扎副肾动脉,出血约600 ml,输血400 ml.第3例腔静脉损伤为用直线切割器切割闭合右肾静脉时误将腔静脉切割封闭一半,但未出血.第4例为直线切割器切断肾动脉后残端喷血,又上2个钛夹,出血停止.第5、6例为剪断动脉时误伤肾静脉,1例用Hem-o-lok控制近心端,另1例用10个钛夹纵行夹闭肾静脉止血.第7例为胰尾漏,术后引流液体最多时达300 ml,引流液淀粉酶26 000 U/L. 结果 腔静脉损伤者术后随访30个月,未见异常;胰尾漏者术后随访1年,肾窝无积液,无胰腺炎;其余5例随访20～40个月均未见异常. 结论 腹腔镜下并发症主要是大血管损伤,处理的原则是提高气腹压至18～20 mm Hg,镇静地钛夹夹闭出血点,必要时及时改为开放手术.保持引流管通畅可以有效地治疗胰腺损伤.     

肺鳞状细胞癌81例临床分析

目的 分析81例肺鳞状细胞癌（鳞癌）临床特征，提高早期诊治率。方法 回顾性分析81例肺鳞癌诊断、手术、治疗及随访资料。结果 患者平均年龄62岁，男：女为2．2：1，有吸烟史76例（93．8％），平均26年，全组均有呼吸道症状，合并全身症状14．8％（12例）。确诊时间2～7个月。手术切除病肺63例（77．8％），术后放、化疗。未能切除18例中10例放、化疗。随访中位数5年以上。80例得到随访，1、3、5年生存率为90％（72例）、65％（52例）、47．5％（38例）。结论 肺鳞癌以老年男性多见，易误诊，手术切除率低，早期手术5年生存率高。     

舒芬太尼用于手外伤术后静脉镇痛的观察

目的观察舒芬太尼用于手外伤术后静脉镇痛（PCIA）的效果。方法急诊手外伤患者78例,随机分为I组（对照组）、II组（芬太尼组）和Ⅲ组（舒芬太尼组）,每组26例。VAS评分法评估术后镇痛效果,进行术后镇静和恶心呕吐评分。结果与对照组比较,术后各时间点II组和Ⅲ组VAS评分均有显著差异（P〈0.01）,II组在术后4h、24h、48h和Ⅲ组在术后各时间点的镇静评分有显著差异（P〈0.01）,II组在术后8h的镇静评分有显著差异（P〈0.05）;与II组比较,Ⅲ组术后8h和24h的VAS评分显著降低（P〈0.05）,术后4h、12h和48hVAS评分均低于II组但差异无显著性意义,Ⅲ组术后各时间点镇静评分显著增高（P〈0.05）。Ⅲ组术后呕吐发生率明显低于II组,差异有显著性意义（P〈0.05）。结论舒芬太尼用于手外伤PCIA,镇痛确切,安全可靠,恶心呕吐发生率低于芬太尼且镇静作用强于芬太尼。     

Ascites and elevated androgen level in a pregnant patient with an ovarian sclerosing stromal tumor.

We report the case of a 31-year-old woman with an androgen-producing sclerosing stromal tumor found during the eighth week of gestation in association with ascites and elevated serum androgen and cancer antigen (CA)-125 levels. The combined features of ascites, elevated serum androgen and elevated CA-125 in association with this rare type of ovarian tumor is unusual. Surgical removal of the tumor resulted in relief of symptoms, resolution of ascites, and decreases in serum androgen and CA-125 levels. The pregnancy was uneventful.     

Cervical metastases of microcystic adnexal carcinoma in an otherwise healthy woman

Microcystic adnexal carcinoma is a rare cutaneous neoplasm characterized by slow but locally aggressive growth, which normally does not lead to systemic metastasis. Frequent local recurrences are reported, which are most likely due to insufficient operative technique. We present the fourth case of cervical ipsilateral metastatic microcystic adnexal carcinoma in an otherwise healthy woman. The patient presented with a previously diagnosed but not completely resected microcystic adnexal carcinoma in the area of the right posterior scalp and two palpable ipsilateral lymph nodes. The tumor was resected using intraoperative snap frozen histological evaluation of the resection borders. In the same procedure two lymph nodes were resected from the right neck. The lymph nodes were histologically assessed and showed infiltration by small strains of tumor cells. After exclusion of a second primary tumor, e.g., mammary carcinoma, as the cause for cervical lymph node metastases, we performed a modified radical neck dissection with resection of the sternocleidomastoid muscle and the accessory nerve, which was histologically proven to be perineurally infiltrated by tumor cells. In this second procedure the histological evaluation of the specimen showed no sign of remaining tumor infiltration. After exclusion of distant metastasis the patient was irradiated with 60 Gy. The patient is well 1 year after the initial treatment without signs of recurrence.     

经尿道前列腺电汽化切除加雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌

目的探讨经尿道前列腺电汽化切除加雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌的临床疗效。方法对31例前列腺癌晚期(D)患者采用经尿道前列腺电汽化切除及睾丸切除术,术后3~5d口服氟他胺做全雄激素阻断以及氟他胺加达菲林的药物去势治疗。结果随访3~42个月,生存者29例,2例患者生存超过5年,20例超过1年。其中7例骨转移病灶减少,6例骨痛患者治疗后疼痛消失。前列腺特异性抗原(PSA)从术前的75.37μg/L降至1.34μg/L(术后1个月),3个月后降为0.27μg/L。B超、胸片、骨扫描未见新的转移灶。结论经尿道前列腺癌电汽化切除加全雄激素阻断治疗晚期前列腺癌具有较好的临床疗效。     

Lumbosacral glioblastoma and leptomeningeal gliomatosis complicating the course of a cervicothoracic astrocytoma WHO grade II

CASE REPORT: The reported female patient underwent sub-total resection of an intra-medullary cervicothoracic astrocytoma classified as WHO grade II in 1984 at the age of 18 months and received local irradiation. In 1989, a local recurrence was diagnosed and a partial resection was performed. Sixteen years later, a small recurrent cervicothoracic tumour was found and spinal seeding to the equine nerve roots and the left cerebellar cortex was apparent on MRI. The patient was implanted with a ventriculoperitoneal shunt for a pseudo-tumour cerebri producing papilloedema, which eventually lead to amaurosis. After an extended biopsy, the invasive lumbosacral tumour was classified as glioblastoma multiforme. Two months later, the patient died after rapid progression of the caudal cranial nerve dysfunction. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION: Anaplastic progression and dissemination of spinal astrocytomas even two decades after initial diagnosis and treatment are rare. Therapies and diagnostic follow-up strategies are discussed.