臂丛神经规范化康复治疗

著名手外科专家顾玉东院士提出“手术与康复的结合才是伤后肢体功能恢复的重要保证”。手功能康复医学的最终目的、就是为了配合手外科将患者能更好地治愈、减轻病、伤者的身心及肢体功能障碍、使其活动能力达到尽可能高的水平,重返社会。     

外源性褪黑素对缺氧缺血性脑损伤新生大鼠皮质酮、糖皮质激素受体mRNA的影响及自身受体的变化

目的 观察外源性褪黑素对缺氧缺血性脑损伤(HIBD)新生大鼠干预后不同时间点肾上腺组织中褪黑素受体1及糖皮质激素受体mRNA和血浆皮质酮水平的变化.方法 7日龄SD火鼠随机分为治疗组、模型组,假手术组和正常组.常压低体积分数氧建立HIBD模型.治疗组新生大鼠腹腔注射褪黑素10 mg/kg;模型组和假手术组新生大鼠注射乙醇载体溶液(0.05 g/L)10 mg/kg;正常组不作任何干顶.各组分别于HIBD完成2、4、8、12、24、48 h 6个时间点摘取其肾上腺组织,采用反转录多聚酶链式反应法半定量测定各组褪黑素受体1及糖皮质激素受体mRNA的表达;暴露心脏,右心室采血,采用放射免疫分析法检测各组血浆皮质酮水平.结果 模型组2 h肾上腺组织中褪黑素受体1及精皮质激素受体mRNA表达下调,血浆皮质酮水平显著升高,4 h达高峰(Pa<0.05);治疗组血浆皮质酬及肾上腺组织中褪黑素受体1变化均不明显(Pa>0.05),糖皮质激素受体在24 h恢复正常生理水平.结论 缺氧缺血应激反应刺激下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺皮质系统过度兴奋,引发机体的应激损伤,血浆皮质酮和肾上腺组织的精皮质激素受体参与HIBD的病理生理过程,外源性褪黑索可能通过自身受体调控应激激素,降低内源性皮质酮水平,使糖皮质激素受体表达上调,减轻HIBD后的过度应激损伤.     

非穿透性小梁手术超声生物显微镜检查

目的：应用超声生物显微镜（ＵＢＭ）检查技术,探讨非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入手术区域解剖特点和房水引汉机制。方法：对１４例１６只眼行非穿透性小梁手术联合透明质酸钠生物胶植入的患者,在术后１～３个月内进行手术区域ＵＢＭ检查。检查的指标（项目）包括：巩膜瓣下形成液间腔的大小（宽和高）、透明质酸钠生物胶吸收的情况、剩余角膜小梁膜的厚度以及滤过泡的形态,并对结果进行分析。结果：１６只眼术前平均     

基于SD-OCT建立新的前膜分级法评估IMEM对年龄相关性白内障患者术后视功能的影响

目的：在单纯白内障术前,根据频域光学相干断层扫描技术(SD-OCT)显示年龄相关性白内障合并特发性黄斑前膜(IMEM)的患眼黄斑中心凹内部精细结构的紊乱程度建立新的IMEM分级法,评估其用于预测年龄相关性白内障患者的视功能预后的价值。

方法：选取2017-10/2018-11在暨南大学附属深圳市眼科医院因年龄相关性白内障单纯行超声乳化白内障摘除联合人工晶状体植入术,术前眼底检查发现合并IMEM者64例80眼,根据SD-OCT显示的IMEM对黄斑中心凹内部精细结构的破坏程度将IMEM分为4级。对合并各级IMEM的患者术前、术后3mo的最佳矫正视力(BCVA,LogMAR)、平均视敏度(MS)、黄斑中心凹厚度(CMT)、黄斑前膜进展率进行对比分析。

结果：在SD-OCT图像上,随着合并的IMEM分级的增高,前膜越明显,患者的黄斑中心凹凹部丢失和内部结构紊乱越严重。白内障术前及术后3mo的患眼BCVA随着所合并的IMEM分级升高而增加(F=37.72、26.43,均P<0.001)。白内障术前及术后3mo的患眼MS随着所合并的IMEM分级升高而降低(F=43.77、28.96,均P<0.001)。术后3mo CMT的改变和黄斑前膜进展率并不一致,合并各级IMEM的患眼CMT与术前均无差异(P>0.05),但黄斑前膜进展率呈显著上升趋势(χ²_趋势=12.59,P<0.001)。

结论：借助于SD-OCT对年龄相关性白内障合并的IMEM进行新的精细分级,可以更精准地预测该类患者单纯行白内障手术术后的视功能恢复情况。     

Hypertension and diabetes synergistically strengthen the association with cataracts among Chinese

AIM: To examine the relationship between age-related cataracts (ARC) and comorbid hypertension and diabetes. METHODS: We analyzed the administrative records of 6,467 patients aged 50 years and older admitted to the ophthalmological department of a tertiary hospital from January 1st, 2011 to May 20th, 2017. With either eye considered, an ARC (n=3,343) was defined as the presence of lens opacity or previous cataract surgery without evidence of trauma, congenital anomalies or using certain medications. Patients admitted to the same department during the same period due to ocular traumas without clinical evidence of cataracts (n=379) were recruited as the cataract-free controls. Unconditional logistic regressions were obtained the odds ratio (OR) of hypertension and diabetes among ARC patients adjusted for age, sex and health care accessibility. RESULTS: Hypertension was diagnosed in 29.54% of men with any type of cataracts, in 30.12% of men with an ARC, and 10.82% of men of cataract-free controls. Diabetes was diagnosed in 16.64% of men with any type of cataracts, in 16.48% of men with ARC and 4.22% of men of cataract-free controls. Similar patterns were observed among women. After adjusting for age, sex, and health care accessibility, hypertension was weakly [OR=1.83 (95%CI: 1.23, 2.74)] and diabetes was strongly [3.38 (1.86, 6.15)] associated with ARCs. The adjusted OR of comorbid hypertension and diabetes among adults with ARC was 18.20 (4.38, 75.59). CONCLUSION: Hypertension and diabetes were independently associated with ARC. Hypertension and diabetes, if co-existing, multiplicatively strengthened the association with ARC.     

Occurrence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Demodex</Emphasis> species in patients with blepharitis and in healthy individuals: a 10-year observational study

Purpose

Two Demodex species (eyelash mites)—D. folliculorum and D brevis—are believed to be associated with human skin and eye diseases. However, the clinical significance of infection with Demodex species remains controversial.

Study design

The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of ocular demodicosis in patients with blepharitis as compared with the prevalence in the healthy population in Poland.

Methods

This case-control prospective study was carried out from 2007 to 2016. The enrolled patients (668) were divided into 2 groups: the study group, comprising 553 patients with blepharitis (349 women and 204 men, aged 17–88 years), and the control group, comprising 115 healthy volunteers without a history of ocular pathologies (78 women and 37 men, aged 17–88 years). A sample of 10 eyelashes was taken aseptically from each eye of the examined person and later studied under a light microscope.

Results

Demodex species were found in 62.4% (345/544) of the patients in the study group and in 24.3% (28/100) of the controls (P = .001, OR = 0.006). The overall prevalence was 55.8% (373/668) in all the examined participants. The presence of Demodex infection increased with age in both groups. No association of Demodex infection with gender was found (119/204 vs 226/349; P > .05, OR 1.086). A high mean number of mites was present more frequently in patients aged older than 50 years and in those who complained especially about itching (P < .05).

Conclusion

The prevalence of ocular demodicosis is significantly correlated with blepharitis and increases with age.

     

Atlas 9000、Orbscan和Pentacam测量近视角膜非球面系数（Q值）的差异和一致性

目的　评价Ａｔｌａｓ９０００、Ｏｒｂｓｃａｎ及Ｐｅｎｔａｃａｍ三种方法测量近视患者角膜非球面系数（Ｑ值）的差异和一致性。方法　横断面比较性研究,随机选取在广西视光中心就诊的成年近视患者４９例（９８眼）,分别应用Ａｔｌａｓ９０００、Ｏｒｂｓｃａｎ及Ｐｅｎｔａｃａｍ测量患者的角膜Ｑ值。采用随机区组设计资料的方差分析（Ｔｗｏ-ｗａｙＡＮＯＶＡ）比较不同仪器测量结果的差异,采用Ｐｅａｒｓｏｎ相关系数分析不同仪器测量结果的相关性,采用Ｂｌａｎｄ-Ａｌｔｍａｎ分析评价不同方法测量结果的一致性。结果　Ａｔｌａｓ９０００、Ｏｒｂｓｃａｎ及Ｐｅｎｔａｃａｍ测得的角膜Ｑ值分别为－０．３４２±０．１３５、－０．３０２±０．１８２和－０．３０５±０．１２０,三种方法测得角膜Ｑ值差异有统计学意义（Ｆ＝５．４６５,Ｐ＝０．００５）,两两比较表明Ａｔｌａｓ９０００与Ｏｒｂｓｃａｎ、Ｐｅｎｔａｃａｍ的检测结果比较差异均有统计学意义（均为Ｐ＜０．０５）,测得负值更大,但Ｏｒｂｓｃａｎ与Ｐｅｎｔａｃａｍ检测结果间比较差异无统计学意义（Ｐ＞０．０５）。Ｐｅａｒｓｏｎ相关分析显示,Ａｔｌａｓ９０００、Ｏｒｂｓｃａｎ与Ｐｅｎｔａｃａｍ测得的角膜Ｑ值之间均有正相关性（均为Ｐ＜０．００１）。Ｂｌａｎｄ-Ａｌｔｍａｎ一致性分析表明Ａｔｌａｓ９０００与Ｐｅｎｔａｃａｍ一致性好。结论　Ａｔｌａｓ９０００、Ｏｒｂｓｃａｎ及Ｐｅｎｔａｃａｍ测量近视患者角膜Ｑ值存在一定差异,但Ａｔｌａｓ９０００与Ｐｅｎｔａｃａｍ的一致性较好,两者可相互参考。     

Impact of Ocular Residual Astigmatism on Visual Outcomes of Myopic Astigmatism Correction after Small Incision Lenticule Extraction

Objective: To calculate ocular residual astigmatism (ORA) by vector analysis and to evaluate the impact of ocular residual astigmatism on refractive and visual outcomes after correction of myopic astigmatism by small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE). Methods: In this prospective case-series study, 115 eyes with myopic astigmatism were treated with SMILE from Jauary 2019 to August 2019 atRefractive Center of Ophthalmology Department, Shengjing Hospital, China Medical University. ORA was calculated by vector analysis and patients were divided into two groups according to the magnitude of ORA: high ORA group (ORA≥1.00 D) with 42 eyes and low ORA group (ORA<1.00 D) with 73 eyes. The follow-up period was 3 months after the operation. Uncorrected visual acuity (UCVA) and pythagorean length were measured and compared after the operation. The following measurements were compared: refractive outcomes, total higher order aberrations (tHOAs), vertical trefoil, vertical coma, horizontal coma, oblique trefoil, oblique quadrafoil, oblique secondary astigmatism, spherical aberration, vertical secondary astigmatism, and vertical quadrafoil. Contrast sensitivity was compared between the high and low ORA groups under either 85 cd/m2 or 3 cd/m2 illumination from 1.5 c/d to 18 c/d. The data were analyzed by an independent-samples t test and Mann-Whitney U test to compare the differences between the two groups. Results: Three months postoperatively, refractive outcomes showed that postoperative residual astigmatism in the high ORA group was significantly higher than in the low ORA group (t=3.293, P=0.001). Vector analysis showed that the error vector (EV), absolute error of angle (absolute EA) and index of success (SI) were higher in the high ORA group (t=-3.235, P=0.001; t=-2.326, P=0.020; t=-2.587, P=0.010). After SMILE，all cases had achieved a desirable visual acuity: high ORA group: -0.15±0.05, low ORA group: -0.15±0.05. There were no statistically significant differences in visual acuity, pythagorean length, tHOAs, vertical trefoil, vertical coma, horizontal coma, oblique trefoil, oblique quadrafoil, oblique secondary astigmatism, spherical aberration, vertical secondary astigmatism, or vertical quadrafoil between the two groups. An obvious difference was found in contrast sensitivity, which showed a higher contrast sensitivity at a spatial frequency of 18 c/d with 85 cd/m2 in the low ORA group than in the high ORA group (t=-2.877, P=0.005), but this tendency was not present at 3 cd/m2 . Conclusions: Ocular residual astigmatism impacts the precision of SMILE in correcting myopic astigmatism. This leads to a tendency of more residual astigmatism in refractive outcomes, and reduces contrast sensitivity at high spatial frequencies. However, it does not affect the outcome of obtaining good visual quality in both visual acuity and higher order aberrations.     

虹膜睫状体压后术治疗新生血管性青光眼

目的 :评价虹膜睫状体压后术治疗新生血管性青光眼的效果。方法 :对 2 8例 (2 8眼 )新生血管性青光眼采用虹膜睫状体压后术治疗。术后随访 10～ 60个月 ,平均 46 2月。结果 :术后眼压控制在 0 798kPa～ 2 793kPa 2 2眼 ,其中 4眼需加用一种降眼压药物 ;成功率为 78 5 7% ;另 4眼眼压 <0 798kPa ,2眼眼压 >2 793kPa ,术后早期并发症有短暂性前房积血及葡萄膜炎等 ;远期并发症少数白内障加速发展。结论 :虹膜睫状体压后术治疗新生血管性青光眼方法简单 ,远期效果较好     

【In Press】Effect of two different doses of intravitreal bevacizumab with temporal retina-sparing laser photocoagulation for retinopathy of prematurity

This study aims to compare the efficacy and safety between two different doses of intravitreal bevacizumab injection (IVB) with temporal retina-sparing laser photocoagulation (TRSL) for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP). We retrospectively evaluated 22 eyes of ROP infants who underwent IVB combined with partial TRSL for stage 3+ zone I or posterior zone II ROP. Laser photocoagulation was applied on the avascular retina, sparing two-disc-diameter width temporal avascular area anterior to ridge. A half dose (0.625 mg) or minimal dose (0.25 mg) of IVB was conducted. Four eyes in minimal dose group were retreated with IVB and laser photocoagulation on the spared retina. Of those 4 retreated eyes, three developed preretinal hemorrhage around the ridge after the first treatment, resulting in fibrotic macular dragging. A half dose of IVB may be more effective than a minimal dose with partial TRSL for ROP. Preretinal hemorrhage may be a harbinger of poor prognosis.