先天性马蹄内翻足以胫后肌外移为主的手术治疗长期随访结果

先天性马蹄内翻足是足部常见畸形,病因不明,但有学者认为肌发育不良而引起的肌力不平衡是本病的主要原因[1～4].导致肌力失衡的软组织挛缩包括胫后肌腱、跟腱、足的内在肌、内侧跗跖关节囊、胫前肌,三角韧带及跟舟韧带等,其中胫后肌腱是造成马蹄内翻足的主要因素之一.自1988年12月以来,共手术治疗先天性马蹄内翻足病人41例60足,均采用胫后肌外移为主的矫正手术,取得了良好的效果.     

Adult-onset hypothyroidism impairs paired-pulse facilitation and long-term potentiation of the rat dorsal hippocampo-medial prefrontal cortex pathway in vivo

Thyroid hormones are critical for the maturation and function of the central nervous system. Insufficiency of thyroid hormones in the adulthood causes a wide range of cognitive dysfunctions, including deficits in learning and memory. The present study investigated whether adult-onset hypothyroidism would alter synaptic functions in the dorsal hippocampo-medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) pathway, a neural pathway important for learning and memory. Adult hypothyroidism was induced by oral administration of 1% (g/l) antithyroid acting drug 6-n-propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) to adult male Sprague-Dawley rats for 4 weeks. Postsynaptic potentials (PSP) were recorded in the mPFC by stimulating the dorsal hippocampal CA1 region in vivo. Basal synaptic transmission was evaluated by comparing input-output relationships. Paired-pulse facilitation and long-term potentiation were recorded to examine short- and long-term synaptic plasticity. Adult-onset hypothyroidism did not change the basal synaptic transmission, but significantly reduced paired-pulse facilitation and long-term potentiation of PSP. These inhibitions can be restored by thyroid hormone replacement. The results suggest that such alterations in synaptic plasticity of the dorsal hippocampo-mPFC pathway might contribute to understanding basic mechanisms underlying learning and memory deficits associated with adult-onset hypothyroidism.     

Abnormal neural activity in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: a resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging study

In this study, a newly reported regional homogeneity approach was used to analyze blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging data on resting state in boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Boys with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder showed decreased regional homogeneity in the frontal-striatal-cerebellar circuits, but increased regional homogeneity mainly in the occipital cortex. Our findings are consistent with the hypothesis of abnormal frontal-striatal-cerebellar circuits in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. The regional homogeneity approach may be a potentially useful method in exploring the pathophysiology of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.     

低分子量肝素钙预防直肠癌术后下肢深静脉血栓形成的疗效及安全性观察

目的观察低分子量肝素钙预防直肠癌术后下肢深静脉血栓形成(DVT)的临床疗效及安全性。方法将64例施行直肠癌根治术的患者随机分为联合治疗组与对照组,联合治疗组34例,对照组30例,联合治疗组应用低分子量肝素钙抗凝治疗,对照组不用。术后2~3周内复查下肢静脉彩超判定有无DVT,术后认真记录骶前引流管引流量及血、尿、痰和大便检查,观察有无出血。结果联合治疗组DVT发生率5.9%,对照组DVT发生率13.3%,2组相比差异有统计学意义(P<0.01)。联合治疗组没有发现出血及出血倾向。结论低分子量肝素钙可以降低直肠癌根治术后DVT发生率,安全性高。     

阿仑膦酸钠和强骨胶囊单用与合用对大鼠骨质疏松性骨折骨愈合影响的实验研究

目的通过骨质疏松性骨折动物模型,观察阿仑膦酸钠、强骨胶囊单用及合用对骨折愈合的影响,以探讨中西医结合治疗骨质疏松性骨折的意义。方法 70只SD大鼠给予维甲酸灌胃,制造骨质疏松性骨折模型成功后分别予以阿仑膦酸钠、强骨胶囊及两药合用,于2周、4周和6周处死5只试验鼠,进行骨痂大小的测量及组织学研究。结果 2周时合用组骨痂大小较其他组无显著差异;4周时合用组骨痂大小较阿仑膦酸钠组小,较强骨胶囊组大;6周时各组骨痂大小无异。组织学检测发现阿仑膦酸钠组破骨细胞数目最少,骨小梁成熟较其他组缓慢;强骨胶囊组成骨细胞数目最多,小梁骨成熟最快;强骨胶囊联合阿仑膦酸钠组与对照组无差别。结论强骨胶囊与阿仑膦酸钠联合使用治疗维甲酸所致大鼠骨质疏松性骨折疗效并不显著。     

Is nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation effective in the “real world”? Findings from a prospective multinational cohort study

BACKGROUND: Increasing smoking cessation rates is an important goal in preventing lung cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) has been found in clinical trials to improve the chances of success at stopping, but recent cross-sectional survey data have raised doubts as to whether it is effective when used by smokers making quit attempts unsupervised outside clinical trials. Because of biases inherent in cross-sectional surveys, this issue can only be adequately addressed using longitudinal studies. This paper reports the first study of its kind to examine the issue. METHODS: The ATTEMPT cohort is a multinational cohort study with data collection by the internet which recruited smokers of > or = 5 cigarettes per day aged 35-65 years who were intending to stop smoking within the next 3 months. Phase 1 began in spring 2003 and involved 2009 smokers from the USA, UK, Canada and France. Phase 2 involved 3645 smokers and included the same countries plus Spain. Follow-up assessments were carried out every 3 months. 492 smokers who made a quit attempt without formal behavioural support or bupropion in the first 3-month follow-up period were identified from phase 1, 357 of whom were followed up for a further 6 months. The phase 2 sample involved 906 smokers making quit attempts, 732 of whom were followed up. At baseline, demographic characteristics, smoking history and nicotine dependence were assessed. Smokers who made quit attempts were questioned on methods used to aid them. The main outcome measure was self-report of complete abstinence throughout both the 3-month periods following the quit date. RESULTS: 35.6% of smokers followed up in phase 1 and 29.6% of those followed up in phase 2 used NRT. The odds ratios comparing abstinence for 6 months in those using and those not using NRT, adjusting for nicotine dependence, were 3.0 (95% CI 1.2 to 7.5) for the phase 1 sample and 2.1 (95% CI 1.0 to 4.1) for the phase 2 sample. The difference in success rates between those using NRT and those not using it, adjusted for the Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) score, was 6% in the phase 1 sample and 3.7% in the phase 2 sample. The improved odds of success were not explicable in terms of motivation to use some form of aid to cessation or differential loss to follow-up. CONCLUSION: NRT use by smokers making self-initiated quit attempts without formal behavioural support is associated with improved long-term abstinence rates.     

第2代(温控)射频消融子宫内膜切除术

目的探讨第2代（温度控制）射频消融子宫内膜切除术的疗效、安全性和可行性。方法2004年9月-2006年2月由上海市4家医院联合开展一项多中心、前瞻性研究,完成功能性子宫出血温控射频消融子宫内膜切除术81例。在超声监护下,射频治疗以温度控制模式输出功率50 W、温度设定85℃,按照两侧宫角、宫底、宫体、下段部位顺序射频消融子宫内膜。每个治疗点治疗时间为4 min。结果81例术后随访4-17个月。术后6个月随访70例,其中闭经48.6%（34/70）,点滴状月经41.4%（29/70）,少量月经10%（7/70）,总有效率为100%（70/70）。术后12个月随访67例,其中闭经56.7%（38/67）,点滴状月经29.9%（20/67例）,少量月经9.0%（6/67）,正常月经量3.0%（2/67）,月经量过多1.5%（1/67）,总有效率98.5%（66/67）。结论温控射频消融子宫内膜切除术不仅使患者的异常子宫出血在保留子宫的情况下得到有效的治疗,同时具有操作方便、治疗时间短、并发症少、术后恢复快等特点。     

Neonatal intracranial aneurysms: Case report and review of the literature

Neonatal intracranial aneurysms are rare. The authors report a 1‐month‐old male who presented with focal seizure. Computed tomography scan demonstrated a right frontoparietal intraparenchymal haematoma. A distal right middle cerebral artery aneurysm of 1 cm in diameter was identified intraoperatively and excised. The patient had no neurological deficit at 15 months postoperation. There are only 22 cases of neonatal intracranial aneurysms reported in the literature. Intraparenchymal haematoma is present in 56% of the cases. Distal middle cerebral artery aneurysms account for 35% of the aneurysms. Considering the rareness of neonatal intracranial aneurysms, non‐invasive imaging techniques such as magnetic resonance angiography and computed tomography angiography are the first choice for neonates with intracranial haemorrhage.     

胫前动脉皮瓣逆行转移修复前足皮肤缺损

目的 探讨胫前动脉皮瓣逆行转移修复前足皮肤缺损的可行性。方法 以胫前动脉皮支穿出点为中心的逆行皮瓣修复前足皮肤缺损,胫前供区直接缝合或用腹股沟全厚皮打包植皮。结果 7例胫前动脉皮瓣及植皮全部成活。6例随访2～24个月,平均16个月,皮瓣无明显臃肿,色泽良好,外形满意。结论 胫前动脉皮瓣逆行转移修复前足缺损可行,取材方便、操作安全。     

伊班膦酸钠对糖皮质GCs诱导骨质疏松患者骨代谢指标的影响

目的观察伊班膦酸钠对糖皮质GCs诱导骨质疏松患者骨代谢指标的影响。方法以本院2017年1月至12月期间收治的48例糖皮质GCs诱导骨质疏松患者为受试对象。随机分为对照组(24例)和观察组(24例),两组患者均给予阿法骨化醇胶囊(0.5μg/次,2次/d,共12周)治疗,试验组加用伊班膦酸钠注射液(首次2 mg,此后3 mg/月,共3个月)静脉滴注治疗。比较两组患者治疗前后血清PTH、BALP、BGP、CTX-1、tPINP等骨代谢指标差异。结果对照组和试验组患者治疗前的PTH、BALP、BGP、CTX-1、tPINP表达水平比较无差异性(P均0.05)。与治疗前比较,试验组和对照组患者治疗后的BALP、PTH表达水平显著上调,BGP、CTX-1、tPINP表达水平均显著下调(P均0.05)。与对照组治疗后比较,试验组患者治疗后的BALP、PTH表达水平上调幅度更大,BGP、CTX-1、tPINP表达水平下调幅度更大(P均0.05)。结论伊班膦酸钠治疗糖皮质GCs诱导骨质疏松患者,可显著改善患者血清PTH水平的异常表达,促进骨吸收和骨形成,这可能是伊班膦酸钠治疗糖皮质GCs诱导骨质疏松临床机制中的靶点。改善糖皮质GCs诱导骨质疏松患者生活质量和治疗预后均有重要的意义。