锥板式粘度计测定低切血液粘度方法的实验研究

我们用锥板式粘度计从低切到高切、从高切到低切、以及先在８０ｓ－１下旋转６０ｓ、静止１００ｓ、再从低切到高切三种方法，测定了Ｖｉｓｔｅｒ大白鼠在低切变率为５．７５－１时的血液粘度。组间对照显示，三种测法所得低切血液粘度之间无显著差异，表明这些方法均可用来测量低切血液粘度。从低切稳定性来看，第二种测法最好。就用粘度法反映红细胞聚集性而言，第一种测法比较合适。     

不同方法处理的同种异体骨移植红细胞免疫功能的变化

本文道报27例同种异体骨移植兔的红细胞免疫功能指标检测结果。红细胞C_3b受体花环率变化,以异体骨花环率最高,液氮骨其次,AAA骨花环率形成率则在正常对照值范围内变化。结果提示异体骨移植能引起明显的免疫反应,液氮骨可有一定的抗原性,能引起免疫反应,冻干骨免疫反应较低下,而AAA骨则不引起免疫反应。本文对同种异体骨移植后的红细胞免疫功能变化的机理与临床意义进行了讨论。     

正常新疆维吾尔族人头发的扫描电镜观察

本文应用扫描电子显微镜对新疆维吾尔自治区南部地区12名(6女,6男),年龄在17岁至20岁之间的维吾尔族人不同部位的头发进行了初步观察研究。发现头发呈圆柱形,毛小皮鳞片呈叠瓦状。但鳞片排列方式、紧密度及形态因个体及部位不同而异。根据毛小皮排列方式可分为三型:即平行型,交错型及混合型,又根据毛小皮排列的紧密度分为密型和疏型。毛干的直径因个体不同大致可分为粗发和细发,粗发毛小皮单位距离内的层数大于细发,毛小皮排列多呈平行线。细发毛小皮排列多呈交错、混合型。     

老年冠心病慢性闭塞病变的介入治疗探讨

目的探讨老年冠心病患者采用经皮冠状动脉介入(PCI)治疗的中短期疗效。方法对102例住院老年患者采用股动脉穿刺后,行球囊扩张,造影显示扩张满意后植入合适支架。术后随访6-32个月。结果102例患者术后临床症状均完全或基本完全缓解。本组患者有19例多支病变患者至少有一支慢性完全闭塞血管经努力而未能开通,无法植入支架。102例患者通过随访6-32个月,其中32例患者接受了冠脉造影复查,有17例患者分别于术后6个月至16个月又出现胸痛、胸闷症状。超声心动图检查射血分数(EF),心功能术后较术前明显改善,P<0.05。结论对冠状动脉慢性完全闭塞的老年患者,无论核素或超声检查是否存在存活心肌,均应尽量进行闭塞病变的介入治疗,以期改善患者的远期预后。     

Expression pattern of growth/differentiation factor 3 in human and murine cerebral cortex, hippocampus as well as cerebellum

Growth/differentiation factor 3 is a member of GDF/BMP subfamily of the TGF-beta superfamily, which has been reported to be implicated in testis carcinoma and deposition of adipose tissue. Interestingly, present work indicated that GDF3/Gdf3 genes were expressed in cerebral cortex, hippocampus as well as in cerebellum, as revealed by RT-PCR, in situ hybridization and immunostaining. Results of RT-PCR in 10 human tissues and 12 rat tissues indicated that GDF3/Gdf3 genes were abundantly transcribed in both human and murine brain, including cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum. In situ hybridization and immunohistochemistry results revealed that in cerebral cortex, GDF3 was evenly distributed. In hippocampus, it was expressed in most of the neurons in CA2 and DG region, especially only in a restricted number of neurons in the regions of CA1 and CA3 and in Purkinje cells in cerebellum. Present data suggested that GDF3 might play important roles in the central nervous system (CNS), especially in cerebral cortex, hippocampus and cerebellum, and it shed new light on further research of GDF3 in the central nervous system.     

尿源干细胞及其外泌体治疗肾脏病的作用北大核心

背景:尿源干细胞为尿液中存在的间充质干细胞,具备自我增殖与多向分化的潜能,由于其本身存在于泌尿系统,并且很可能来源于肾脏组织,相较于其他间充质干细胞存在先天的优势,因此尿源干细胞及其外泌体可能具备对于肾脏病的特殊干预作用。目的:综述尿源干细胞及其外泌体的生物学特性,以及二者在肾脏病领域的应用进展,以期为临床肾脏疾病的治疗提供新思路。方法:以“urine-derived stem cell*,urine-derived stromal cell*,urine-derived mesenchymal stem cell*,urine-derived mesenchymal stromal cell*,urine-derived progenitor cell*,kidney diseases,acute kidney injury,diabetic nephropathies,kidney failure,chronic,tissue engineering,organoids”为检索词检索PubMed数据库,以“尿源干细胞,急性肾损伤,慢性肾病,糖尿病肾病,组织工程,类器官”为检索词检索CNKI数据库,发表时间限定为2000年1月至2021年10月。检索后严格按照纳入和排除标准进行人为筛选,最终纳入31篇文献进行综述。结果与结论:①尿源干细胞作为泌尿系统来源的间充质干细胞,具备间充质干细胞共有的特性。此外,其在肾脏病领域是一种有效的干预措施和适宜的种子细胞来源;②尿源干细胞及其外泌体在急性肾损伤动物及细胞模型上,可以显著缓解肾功能损害和组织学损伤,抑制炎症、细胞凋亡和氧化应激;在慢性肾脏病(包括糖尿病肾病)方面,尿源干细胞及其外泌体可以延缓肾功能进展及组织学改变,抑制炎症细胞浸润及纤维化,发挥对足细胞的保护作用;此外,其在肾脏组织工程与再生医学领域的应用也同样具有广阔的前景;③虽然尿源干细胞及其外泌体在肾脏病领域的研究尚处于初始阶段,但已体现出较大的潜力和价值,在未来有望成为临床肾脏病治疗的有效手段之一。     

Stress analysis between implant prostheses with different moduli and surrounding bones北大核心

背景:应力遮挡效应会导致植入假体修复骨缺损手术失败,其主要原因是由于植入假体的弹性模量大于骨组织弹性模量。目的:分析植入假体弹性模量对应力分布的影响,寻求消除应力遮挡现象的方法。方法:通过CT扫描的方式获取实验犬与人体骨组织的模型,分别对其优化后进行梯度赋值,建立较为可靠的骨骼力学模型,并与植入假体组合后进行有限元仿真。首先,通过对比格犬骨骼模型和人体骨骼模型及其对应的植入假体进行有限元仿真,模拟了不同弹性模量对植入假体修复术后的应力和位移分布情况;其次,分析了较小弹性模量差仍会形成应力遮挡现象的原因,建立了骨骼模型及植入假体模型,确立了材料属性赋予方法;最后,验证了该模型及材料属性赋予方法的可行性,并通过随机选取受力点的方式,定量分析植入假体弹性模量与骨骼弹性模量之间的关系对应力遮挡形成的影响。结果与结论:通过梯度赋值法建立与骨骼力学性质更加接近的实验犬骨骼模型和人体骨骼模型,该方法重建的力学模型与真实骨骼的力学性质更为接近;通过有限元仿真力学测试证明,不同弹性模量植入假体对假体本身与周围骨骼间相对位移的影响较小;另外量化弹性模量对假体植入骨骼后对应力分布的影响,可为后续的相关研究提供帮助。     

Parent-to-child transmission is relatively common in the spread of the human polyomavirus JC virus.

JC polyomavirus (JCV), the causative agent of progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, is ubiquitous in the human population, infecting children asymptomatically and then persisting in renal tissue. In most adults, renal JCV replicates and the progeny are excreted in urine. We used this urinary JCV to elucidate the routes of JCV transmission. A 610-bp JCV DNA region (IG region) encompassing the 3'-terminal sequences of both T-antigen and VP1 (major capsid protein) genes was amplified by means of PCR from urine specimens collected from all members of seven families. JCV strains were then unequivocally identified by the nucleotide sequences of the amplified IG regions. We could identify 18 distinctive JCV strains from 27 individuals. Different JCV strains were detected from all unrelated persons. However, the same viral strain was detected from one (four families), two (one family), or three offspring (one family) as well as from the fathers (three families) or from the mothers (three families). In total, the JCV strains detected in half of the JCV-positive children were identified in their parents. Since most humans are infected during childhood, these findings indicated that JCV is transmitted frequently from parents to children. We roughly estimated that 50% of JCV transmission occurs by this route and that the other 50% occurs outside the family.