大学生的精神信仰结构

目的:探讨大学生精神信仰概念的结构。方法:首先采用语句完成法对2003-03/06天津工程师范学院职教系文理、性别各半的大学生200名进行调查,对“精神信仰是什么”的回答进行编码,然后让他们回答“我的精神信仰是什么”。分析此结果,归纳出200名大学生对精神信仰属性认知及对精神信仰内容认知的频数及百分数。然后采用自由联想法确定精神信仰的词汇,最后请25名大学生和10名心理学博士进行评定,确定精神信仰的结构。结果:225名学生及10名博士均进入结果分析。大学生对信仰属性的认知有6种:①把信仰归属于精神需要和价值准则的为78%,两者分别为39%。②认为信仰是个人目标生活追求的11%。③认为信仰就是对超自然力的信奉为7%。④认为信仰是精神自我安慰的2%。⑤认为信仰是虚幻的2%。大学生精神信仰内容按频数排列:①达到事业成功的为29%。②相信个人价值的24%。③信奉家庭因素至上的8%。④信奉金钱至上的5%。⑤信仰共产主义的7%。⑥对权威、天命、享乐、生命和家族信仰的占少数。结论:大学生认为精神信仰的属性是人的精神需要,表现人的价值原则。大学生的信仰呈多元化的表现形式。     

老年脑卒中偏瘫患者的平衡训练

对１０９例老年脑卒中偏瘫患者平衡训练进行观察，发现患者经训练后，各项能力都有明显改善。与老年前期组相比无差别。训练对恢复运动及日常生活活动很有价值。观察还表明，平衡能力由高到低呈规律性变化，对指导平衡训练及判断预后有参考作用。     

Correlation Between Fluid–Fluid Levels on Initial MRI and the Response to Chemotherapy in Stage IIB Osteosarcoma

Background

The presence of fluid–fluid levels (FFLs) on osteosarcoma magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is underestimated as a nonspecific finding; however, we hypothesized that FFL in conventional osteosarcoma may be indicative of chemoresistance.

Methods

In 567 stage IIB osteosarcoma patients, we evaluated the following: the incidence of FFL and their correlation with other clinicopathological variables; tumor volume change after chemotherapy and survival according to the presence of FFL; and the relationship between survival and the extent of FFL.

Results

One hundred eight (19 %) tumors showed FFL on initial MRI. FFL were correlated with proximal humeral location (P = 0.017), osteolytic on plain radiographs (P < 0.001), tumor enlargement after chemotherapy (P < 0.001), and poor histological response (P = 0.005). Large tumor (P < 0.01), proximal tumor location (P = 0.01), and presence of FFL (P < 0.01) were independent predictors of poor survival. Compared to the extensive FFL (more than one third of the tumor), small foci of FFL (less than one third of the tumor) showed a high tendency for tumor enlargement after chemotherapy (P < 0.001), poor histologic response (P = 0.001), and worse survival (P < 0.001).

Conclusions

FFL on initial MRI could predict tumor progression after chemotherapy. Notably, tumors with small foci of FFL (less than one third of the tumor) have a high propensity for poor outcome. Patients with this finding should be considered for risk-adapted therapy.     

人类疱疹病毒6型对血液病患者巨噬细胞集落刺激因子表达的 …

探讨人类疱疹病毒６型与血液病患者巨噬细胞集落刺激因子异常表达的关系。方法：以卵白素－和物素复合物免疫酶２标和逆转录－聚合酶链反应方法检测３０例血液病患者骨髓单个核细胞体外感染ＨＨＶ－６后Ｍ－ＣＳＦｍＲＮＡ的表达。     

Change in renal parenchymal volume in living kidney transplant donors

Purpose

Uninephrectomy would induce compensatory hypertrophy in the remaining kidney. We investigated the relationship between changes in renal parenchymal volume (RPV) and renal function after nephrectomy in living kidney donors.

Methods

From July 2011 and January 2012, 45 kidney donors were enrolled in this study. Magnetic resonance scanning was performed before surgery, 3 and 7 days postoperatively, and RPV was calculated through disc summarize methods. Participants were followed up for 1 year.

Results

The RPV of the remaining kidney was 118.06 ± 23.51 cm³ and then increased by 21.23 % to 143.13 ± 25.52 cm³ at 3 days and by 24.17 % to 146.60 ± 25.86 cm³ at 7 days. Multivariate regression analysis showed that preoperative RPV is positively related to its initial function (p = 0.037); the RPV at 7 days is directly related to its initial, preoperative size (p < 0.001). With respect to change in postoperative RPV, there is bigger gain in size in smaller kidneys (p = 0.005). The kidneys that has ≥20 % increase RPV after 7 days are more likely to show further increase in GFR at 1 year (p = 0.024).

Conclusions

Uninephrectomy induced immediately increment in RPV of the remaining kidney. Donors with RPV increase of ≥20 % at 1 week have a more favourable renal function adaptation at 1 year.     

Differential developmental trajectories of magnetic susceptibility in human brain gray and white matter over the lifespan

As indicated by several recent studies, magnetic susceptibility of the brain is influenced mainly by myelin in the white matter and by iron deposits in the deep nuclei. Myelination and iron deposition in the brain evolve both spatially and temporally. This evolution reflects an important characteristic of normal brain development and ageing. In this study, we assessed the changes of regional susceptibility in the human brain in vivo by examining the developmental and ageing process from 1 to 83 years of age. The evolution of magnetic susceptibility over this lifespan was found to display differential trajectories between the gray and the white matter. In both cortical and subcortical white matter, an initial decrease followed by a subsequent increase in magnetic susceptibility was observed, which could be fitted by a Poisson curve. In the gray matter, including the cortical gray matter and the iron‐rich deep nuclei, magnetic susceptibility displayed a monotonic increase that can be described by an exponential growth. The rate of change varied according to functional and anatomical regions of the brain. For the brain nuclei, the age‐related changes of susceptibility were in good agreement with the findings from R2^* measurement. Our results suggest that magnetic susceptibility may provide valuable information regarding the spatial and temporal patterns of brain myelination and iron deposition during brain maturation and ageing. Hum Brain Mapp 35:2698–2713, 2014. © 2013 Wiley Periodicals, Inc .