甲状腺乳头状癌核内包涵体及核的形态结构定量分析

目的:定量揭示甲状腺乳头状癌核内包涵体及核的几何形态结构特点,为甲状腺乳头状癌的病理诊断提供定量诊断参数。方法:取甲状腺乳头状癌100例,常规切片、HE染色,在40倍物镜下采集核内包涵体及核的图像,用Image-Pro Plus测试包涵体及核的面积、周长、长轴、短轴、形状因子PE（Form PE）、形状因子AR（Form AR）、规化形状因子（RFF）、轴比、核内包涵体的面积密度以及包涵体与核质的面积比。结果:（1）甲状腺乳头状癌核内包涵体的面积约为（13.575±9.045） μm2（95%CI 13.339~13.810）,其在核内的面积密度约为25.761%±10.683%（95%CI 25.483~26.039）;其周长约为（12.720±4.275） μm（95%CI 12.609~12.831）,长轴（4.547±1.466） μm（95%CI 4.509~4.585）,短轴（3.482±1.178） μm （95%CI 3.451~3.512）;其轴比约为0.772±0.121（95%CI 0.769~0.775）,Form PE、Form AR和RFF约等于1;其与核质的面积比约为0.380±0.237（95%CI 0.374~0.386）,其面积、周长、长轴和短轴的变异系数为66.6%、33.6%、32.2%、33.8%。（2）具有核内包涵体的癌细胞,其核的面积、周长、长轴和短轴及其相应变异系数显著大于没有核内包涵体的细胞核（P<0.05）。（3）核内包涵体、含有核内包涵体的核及没有核内包涵体的核,其面积、周长、长轴和短轴的频数分布均呈正偏态分布。结论:（1）甲状腺乳头状癌核内包涵体形状大致呈圆形;约为核面积的1/4,核周长、长轴和短轴的1/2;其面积、周长、长轴和短轴的变异程度均较大。（2）具有包涵体的癌细胞,其核的异型性明显,诊断阅片时应重点观察。（3）包涵体及核的上述尺寸参数的频数分布均呈正偏态分布。     

基于 TCGA 数据库筛选、 分析并验证宫颈癌生物标志物

目的 基于生物信息学筛选分析宫颈癌差异表达基因 ( differentially expressed gene, DEGs) 及差 异表达 miRNA, 并进一步对差异基因和蛋白进行验证, 以期寻找潜在的生物标志物和治疗靶点。 方法 从 肿瘤基因组图谱 (the cancer genome atlas, TCGA) 数据库获取宫颈癌相关数据, edgeR 算法筛选 DEGs 和差 异 miRNAs。 利用 Cytoscape3. 8. 2 软件构建 mRNA-miRNA 共表达网络。 利用 DAVID 软件对 DEGs 和通过 miRWalk 网站预测的差异 miRNA 的目标基因进行 GO 富集分析和 KEGG 富集分析。 利用 qPCR 和 Western 印 迹技术对 DEGs 进行进一步验证。 结果 筛选出 149 个上调的 DEGs 和 171 个下调的 DEGs, 以及 46 个上调 的差异 miRNAs 和 64 个下调的差异 miRNAs。 DEGs 和 miRNA 目标基因在细胞组成上的富集具有一致性, 都富集在胞质、 核和核质中。 但共表达网络发现 DEGs 和差异 miRNAs 之间不存在明显的调控关系。 因此, 后续实验重点放在了对 DEGs 的验证上, 对差异表达性较为显著的 TCEAL6、 CLEC3B、 LMOD1、 CNN1 进行 了验证。 qPCR 显示它们在宫颈癌中表达量均显著降低, 符合预期, 对 CNN1 进行的 Western 印迹也显示其 在宫颈癌中的低表达。 结论 TCEAL6、 CLEC3B、 LMOD1、 CNN1 在宫颈癌中均显著低表达, 有望成为宫颈 癌生物标志物。     

Changes of nitric oxide synthase activity and free methylarginines contents in regenerating rat liver after partial hepatectomy

In the present study, liver regeneration rate (%) was increased up to 70% 3 days after partial hepatectomy (PH). Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity in liver tissue as well as serum nitrite/nitrate content had no timed response, revealing no significant difference between shamoperated and partially hepatectomized rat liver. Contents of free methylarginines in liver tissue were increased biphasically in a time-dependent manner after PH. However, those in serum did not exhibit the same patterns as in liver. Taken together, the results suggest that N^G-monomethyl-L-arginine (MMA) and N^G, N^G-dimethylarginine (DMA) play a role in inhibiting nitric oxide (NO) synthesis in regenerating rat liver because the increase of their contents was synchronized with NOS expression.     

Cellular Delivery of Nucleoside Diphosphates: A Prodrug Approach

Purpose. This study is concerned with cellular delivery/generation of 2′-azido-2′-deoxyuridine and -deoxycytidine diphosphate (N₃UDP or N₃CDP), potent inhibitors of ribonucleotide reductase. It characterizes the phosphorylation steps involved in the conversion of 2′-azido-2′-deoxyuridine (N₃Urd) and 2′-azido-2′-deoxycytidine (N₃Cyd) to the corresponding diphosphates and explores a prodrug approach in cellular delivery of the inhibitor which circumvents the requirement of deoxynucleoside kinases. Methods. Cell growth of CHO and 3T6 cells of known deoxycytidine kinase level was determined in the presence of N₃Urd and N₃Cyd. Activity of ribonucleotide reductase was determined in the presence of the azidonucleosides as well as their mono- or di-phosphates in a Tween 80-containing permeabilizing buffer. A prodrug of 5′-monophosphate of N₃Urd was prepared and its biological activity was evaluated with CHO cells as well as with cells transfected with deoxycytidine kinase. Results. N₃Urd failed to inhibit the growth of both cell lines, while N₃Cyd was active against 3T6 cells and moderately active against CHO cells. These results correlate with the deoxycytidine kinase levels found in the cells. Importance of the kinase was further established with the finding that the nucleoside analogs were inactive as reductase inhibitors in a permeabilized cell assay system while their mono- and di-phosphates were equally active. The prodrug was active in cell growth inhibition regardless of the deoxycytidine kinase level. Conclusions. The azidonucleosides become potent inhibitors of the reductase by two sequential phosphorylation steps. The present study indicates that the first step to monophosphate is rate-limiting, justifying a prodrug approach with the monophosphate.     

中医学之梦幻认识史考略

本文介绍祖国医学对梦幻的认识,始于《内经》,以医理释梦,具有无鬼神论的意向,而后世释梦反而不乏鬼神论;纪梦内容广泛,是各种心态与病态的纷纭呈现;传统文化在纪梦、构梦与神学思潮等方面对中医学的梦幻认识产生影响。     

An improved synthesis of methyl p-hydroxyphenylalkanoates

Friedel-Crafts reaction of isopropoxybenzene with methyl α-chloro-α-(methylthio)acetate1 afforded methyl α-methylthio-p-isopropoxyphenylacetate2d, which was readily converted into methyl p-isopropoxyphenylacetate3 by reductive desulfurization with zinc dust in acetic acid. Methylation of3 with sodium hydride and methyl iodide gave methyl α-(p-isopropoxyphenyl)propionate5. Methyl p-hydroxyphenylalkanoates (4, 6), useful intermediates for some medicines, were easily prepared by treatment of3 and5 with titanium tetrachloride, respectively.     

灭鼠后家鼠数量恢复的研究

目的 :探讨灭鼠后家鼠数量恢复情况和规律 ,为制定灭鼠巩固措施提供依据。方法 :采用 0 .0 0 5 %溴敌隆毒米饱和投毒灭鼠 ,后逐月用粉迹法和笼夜法测定鼠密度。结果 :灭鼠较彻底、环境卫生条件好的住宅区 ,低鼠密度可保持 5～ 6个月 ,8个月后鼠密度即恢复到灭鼠前的水平。环境卫生差 ,鼠密度高的农村 ,仅通过毒鼠难以把鼠密度降到较低水平 ;即使通过连续灭鼠把密度大幅度降下来 ,但 1～ 2个月后又恢复至灭鼠前的水平。不同季节灭鼠效果有明显差异。结论 :灭鼠后家鼠数量恢复的速度与灭鼠率、环境卫生条件有关 ,即灭鼠率高、环境卫生条件好的恢复慢 ;否则 ,恢复快。农村灭鼠必须把毒鼠和改造环境结合起来 ,方能有效控制鼠害。     

四项肿瘤标志物联合检测对PHC的临床评价

对原发性肝癌（PHC）81例;良性肝病58例;转移性肝癌11例;正常对照20例,进行血清标志物甲胎蛋白（AFP）、AFP异质体、5′-核苷酸磷酸二酯酶同工酶（5′-NPD）、唾液酸（SA）联合检测。结果显示四项标志物的组合能提高对PHC的诊断率（93.83%),同时还可用于小肝癌的诊断及PHC疗效观察及估计预后。     

15例原发性淀粉样变性的临床与病理分析

目的 加强对有突出肾损害的原发性淀粉样变性的认识,提高诊断水平。方法 对１５例有突出肾损害的原发性淀粉样变性病例资料从多脏器受累情况。骨髓穿刺及活检。血／尿蛋白电泳和电泳及治疗预后等方面进行总结和分析。结果 肾脏、消化、循环和血液系统有不同程度受累,部分病例有骨髓浆细胞增生,血／尿中检出单克隆蛋白。结论本病肾损害有一定特点,尤其特异性的肾脏病理改变可明确诊断 。     

慢性肺心病急性发作期肺动脉高压治疗方法的系统研究

该研究系统观察了92例慢性肺心病急性发作期患使用4类6种血管扩张药物,其中包括硝普钠、氨力农、米力农、维拉帕米、地尔硫zhuo、卡托普剂,以及吸入低浓度一氧化氮和施行机械通气两种方式的治疗效果。并各自比较使用前后其血流动力学及氧动力学变化。观察结果表明,上述药物及方法均可有效地降低肺动脉压力、阻力,有良好的急性血流动力学效应及氧动力学效应。同时还分析了上述各种降压药物的作用特点和相应临床应用特征,对选择临床治疗方法有指导意义。