The three-year incidence of Non-B viral hepatitis morbidity in a controlled trial of pre-exposure immune serum globulin prophylaxis

Summary A trial of pre-exposure immune serum globulin (ISG) vs. the prevailing policy of post-exposure ISG for the prevention of viral hepatitis was undertaken among 23,447 male and female military recruits in Israel, an endemic area for hepatitis A virus infection. We are reporting on the three-year follow-up of the incidence of non-B hepatitis among 12,835 male recruits, half of whom had been allocated to receive ISG on their first day of service, while the other half served as a non-vaccinated (regular care) control group. Over the three-year period the overall cumulative incidence in the intervention group was half that of the control group (3.6 per 1000 vs. 7.2 per 1000; p=0.0037). Protection was virtually absolute for up to nine months' follow-up. ISG may have provided prolonged partial protection well in excess of six to nine months. Between 10 to 18 months, half as many cases occurred in the intervention group as in the controls. By 18 months the difference in incidence between the study groups had reached a plateau and was highly significant (p=0.002). Between 19 and 36 months the case increment in the two groups was similar. The benefit of receiving pre-exposure ISG remained evident three years after inception of the trial in this indigenous military population living in an endemic area.

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Morbidität an nicht-B-Virushepatitis über drei Jahre in einer kontrollierten Studie zur Immunglobulinprophylaxe vor Exposition

Zusammenfassung 23 447 männliche und weibliche Rekruten in Israel, einem Hepatitis-A-Endemiegebiet, wurden in eine Vergleichsstudie zur Immunglobulin(ISG)-Prophylaxe vor Exposition versus üblicher Immunglobulingabe nach Exposition einbezogen. Wir berichten über die Inzidenz der nicht-B-Hepatitis bei 12 835 männlichen Rekruten in einer Beobachtungszeit von drei Jahren; die eine Hälfte der Rekruten erhielten ISG am ersten Tag ihres Militärdienstes, die andere diente als nicht geimpfte übliche Kontrollgruppe. Über den Zeitraum von drei Jahren war die kumulative Gesamtinzidenz an Hepatitis in der Prophylaxegruppe halb so hoch wie in der Kontrollgruppe (3,6 auf 1000 im Vergleich zu 7,2 auf 1000; p=0,0037). Neun Monate lang bestand praktisch vollkommener Schutz vor Hepatitis durch ISG, das möglicherweise über sechs bis neun Monate hinaus noch einen partiellen Schutz gewährte. In der Prophylaxegruppe traten 10–18 Monate nach Beginn der Studie nur halb so viele Fälle von Hepatitis auf wie in der Kontrollgruppe. Nach 18 Monaten hatte die unterschiedliche Inzidenz in den beiden Gruppen ein Plateau erreicht; die Differenz war hochsignifikant (p = 0,002). Im Zeitraum zwischen 19 und 36 Monaten nach Studienbeginn war die Zunahme von Krankheitsfällen in beiden Gruppen vergleichbar. Drei Jahre nach Beginn der Studie war der Nutzen einer ISG-Prophylaxe vor Exposition für diese in einem Hepatitis-A-Endemiegebiet lebende Militärbevölkerung noch eindeutig erkennbar.

     

液基细胞学结合阴道镜检查在北京市社区妇女宫颈病变筛查中的意义

目的探讨宫颈液基细胞学及阴道镜检查在北京市社区妇女宫颈病变筛查中的临床意义。方法2006年6月至2007年6月对北京市展览路社区的795位20～54岁有性生活的妇女进行筛查。筛查对象接受妇科检查时,留取宫颈超柏氏薄层液基细胞学检测标本,并对宫颈细胞学异常者行阴道镜检查及活组织检查。结果宫颈细胞学阳性[≥ASC-US（不能明确意义的不典型鳞状细胞）]45例,占5．7％（45／795）。其中ASC-US33例,占73．3％（33／45）;低度鳞状上皮内病变8例;高度鳞状上皮内病变3例;不典型腺细胞1例。细胞学阴性750例,占94．3％（750／795）。宫颈细胞学阳性的45例中,5例拒绝行阴道镜检查,占11．1％（5／45）。在行阴道镜活组织病理检查的40例中,慢性宫颈炎11例（27．5％）;宫颈湿疣14例（35．0％）;宫颈上皮内瘤样病变（CIN）1为7例（17．5％）;CIN2为3例（7．5％）;CIN3为4例（10．0％）;早期浸润癌1例（2．5％）。细胞学阴性的750例中,宫颈湿疣2例（0．3％）;CIN1为5例（0．7％）;宫颈低级别腺上皮内病变1例（0．1％）。宫颈液基细胞学筛查CIN1及以上宫颈病变和宫颈癌的敏感度71．4％,特异度94．2％,阳性预测值37．5％,阴性预测值99．2％;筛查CIN2及以上宫颈病变和宫颈癌的敏感度100．0％,特异度96．0％,阳性预测值20．5％,阴性预测值100．0％。结论应重视并及时进行北京市社区人群宫颈病变的早期筛查,薄层液基细胞学结合阴道镜活组织检查及病理学检查,对提高早期宫颈癌筛查的准确性效果明显。     

Human acute leukemia cell line with the t(4;11) chromosomal rearrangement exhibits B lineage and monocytic characteristics

A cell line, designated RS4;11, was established from the bone marrow of a patient in relapse with an acute leukemia that was characterized by the t(4;11) chromosomal abnormality. The cell line and the patient's fresh leukemic cells both had the t(4;11)(q21;q23) and an isochromosome for the long arm of No. 7. Morphologically, all cells were lymphoid in appearance. Ultrastructurally and cytochemically, approximately 30% of the cells possessed myeloid features. The cells were strongly positive for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase. They were HLA-DR positive and expressed surface antigens characteristic for B lineage cells, including those detected by anti-B4, BA-1, BA-2, and PI153/3. Immunoglobulin gene analysis revealed rearrangements of the heavy chain and kappa chain genes. The cells lacked the common acute lymphoblastic leukemia antigen and antigenic markers characteristic of T lineage cells. The cells reacted with the myeloid antibody 1G10 but not with other myeloid monoclonal antibodies. Treatment with 12-O-tetradecanoyl- phorbol-13-acetate induced a monocyte-like phenotype demonstrated by cytochemical, functional, immunologic, and electron microscopic studies. The expression of markers of both early lymphoid and early myeloid cells represents an unusual phenotype and suggests that RS4;11 represents a cell with dual lineage capabilities. To our knowledge, RS4;11 is the first cell line established from t(4;11)-associated acute leukemia.     

Constitutive production of leukemia differentiation, colony- stimulating, erythroid burst-promoting, and pluripoietic factors by a human hepatoma cell line: characterization of the leukemia differentiation factor

Conditioned medium (CM) obtained from a human hepatoma cell line, SK- HEP-1, contains colony-stimulating factors (CSFs) active on murine and human bone marrow-derived granulocyte and macrophage colony-forming units (CFU-GM) and a factor capable of inducing granulocyte-macrophage differentiation (GM-DF) of murine myelomonocytic leukemic cells WEHI- 3B(D+) and human promyelocytic leukemic cells HL-60 when assayed in semisolid agar cultures. The human active granulocyte-macrophage colony- stimulating factor (GM-CSF) for day 7 CFU-GM and the GM-DF for WEHI- 3B(D+) and for HL-60 are not separable by acrylamide agarose column chromatography, eluting at an apparent molecular weight between 20,000 and 35,000 daltons, or by isoelectric focusing (isoelectric point, pH 5.4). In addition, SK-HEP-1 CM contains erythroid burst-promoting activity (BPA) and a factor that promotes the growth of human mixed colonies. SK-HEP-1 cells, which grow as an adherent monolayer, appear not to be endothelial or monocytic in origin since by immunofluorescent staining they are negative for Ia (HLA-DR), monocyte antigen 1 and 2, lysozyme, and factor VIII-related antigen. Positive immunofluorescent staining for keratin and fibronectin suggests the possibility that SK- HEP-1 is an epithelial cell line. Constitutive production of GM-DF as well as other hematopoietic activities including GM-CSF, erythroid BPA, and an activity that promotes the growth of human mixed colony progenitors by a human epithelial tumor cell line, SK-HEP-1, suggests that this cell line is a valuable resource for both large-scale production of these factors and the cloning of the gene(s) that code for these regulators.     

锌酞菁脂质体光动力作用引起小鼠肿瘤的细胞程序性死亡

电镜观察了锌酞菁脂质体光动力作用引起小鼠ＭＳ－２纤维肉瘤的形态学变化。发现其作用很强，并对肿瘤细胞有明显的直接影响。肿瘤细胞的结构表现出明显的程序性细胞死亡（ａｐｏｐｔｏｓｉｓ，ｐｒｏｇｒａｍｍｅｄｃｅｌｄｅａｔｈ）的特点：胞核染色质凝聚边集、核固缩、核破裂、染色质凝块流失、胞质内吞噬现象、胞膜表面肿胀粗钝的胞突形成、细胞碎裂等。加深了对锌酞菁脂质体光敏作用机理的认识，但其详细的发生机制和调节途径有待阐明。