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81.
棉尘及吸烟对肺功能影响的观察 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
对83名接触棉尘的健康者作肺功能测定,并与39名不接触棉尘的健康者对照。其中男性均为吸烟者;女性均为不吸烟者。结果表明,MMEF、PEFR、V25%~75%均明显低于对照组(分别为P<0.01和P<0.05).在男性吸烟组,VC,MBC,FEV1%也有明显下降(P<0.01),作者认为棉尘对人体的危害主要部位在小气道,吸烟者因损害严重可累及大气道。以往对棉尘反应的肺功能评估仅以FEV1%为指标,不能反映早期的变化,有必要进一步完善。 相似文献
82.
本文采用离体细胞培养法,以细胞存活率、乳酸脱氢酶活性和酸性磷酸酶活性为指标,研究了几种α-Keggin结构的杂多阴离子对石英粉尘细胞毒性的影响。结果表明,与对照组比较,所用杂多阴离子无细胞毒性(P>0.05),石英尘经杂多阴离子作用后,细胞毒性显著降低,与石英尘组比较,上述三项指标差异均有显著意义(P<0.01),由此表明杂多阴离子对石英的细胞毒性有明显的拮抗作用。 相似文献
83.
Jann-Tay Wang Sheng-Fong Lin Hsu-Ling Chiu Li-Chen Wang Hui-Ming Tai Chaw-Fung Jiang Shan-Chwen Chang Shu-Hsun Chu 《台湾医志》2004,103(1):32-36
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Nosocomial methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection is difficult to control. Due to a dramatic increase in the nosocomial MRSA infection rate at our hospital from 2000 to 2001, this study was conducted to identify the source of these infections and the effectiveness of control measures. METHODS: 179 healthcare workers (HCWs) were screened for carriage of MRSA. Starting in April 2001, all patients with MRSA infection or colonization were put in strict contact and cohort isolation. The bacterial isolates of HCW carriers and patients with MRSA infection from April 2001 to September 2001 were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing by disk-diffusion method and molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE). RESULTS: Fifteen HCWs were found to be carriers of MRSA. They were all given topical mupirocin treatment. After these interventions, the nosocomial MRSA infection rate decreased from 1.23 to 0.53 per 1000 patient-days. All 61 MRSA isolates available for antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular typing were multidrug resistant. PFGE study revealed 2 predominant types, type C and type Y, comprising 36 and 12 isolates, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The current study demonstrates the importance of measures to control nosocomial MRSA infections in hospitals that already have a high incidence of endemic MRSA infection. Elimination of carriage by healthcare workers, and strict contact and cohort isolation are the main effective measures. 相似文献
84.
85.
Yaotang Wu Guangping Dai Jerome L Ackerman Mirko I Hrovat Melvin J Glimcher Brian D Snyder Ara Nazarian David A Chesler 《Magnetic resonance in medicine》2007,57(3):554-567
Investigators often study rats by microCT to investigate the pathogenesis and treatment of skeletal disorders in humans. However, microCT measurements provide information only on bone mineral content and not the solid matrix. CT scans are often carried out on cancellous bone, which contains a significant volume of marrow cells, stroma, water, and fat, and thus the apparent bone mineral density (BMD) does not reflect the mineral density within the matrix, where the mineral crystals are localized. Water- and fat-suppressed solid-state proton projection imaging (WASPI) was utilized in this study to image the solid matrix content (collagen, tightly bound water, and other immobile molecules) of rat femur specimens, and meet the challenges of small sample size and demanding submillimeter resolution. A method is introduced to recover the central region of k-space, which is always lost in the receiver dead time when free induction decays (FIDs) are acquired. With this approach, points near the k-space origin are sampled under a small number of radial projections at reduced gradient strength. The typical scan time for the current WASPI experiments was 2 hr. Proton solid-matrix images of rat femurs with 0.4-mm resolution and 12-mm field of view (FOV) were obtained. This method provides a noninvasive means of studying bone matrix in small animals. 相似文献
86.
成年人智力发育与年龄和教育的关系 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
本文对韦氏成人智力量表中国修订本25岁及其以上成年人城乡样本共1976人在校正各年龄组的文化程度以后,比较了年龄和教育因素对成年人智力发展的影响。结果发现:与晶体智力有关的测验成绩并不随年龄增大而下降,某些测验(如知识;领悟等)甚至呈上升趋势;与流体智力有关的测验成绩随年龄的增大而下降;而测量精神运动速度(数字符号测验)的成绩受年龄影响最为明显。看来流体-晶体智力理论能较好地解释成年人的典型智力发 相似文献
87.
Summary In order to study the immune function of patients on maintenance hemodialysis (MHD), we assayed NK cell cytotoxicity against
K562 targets in 40 patients on MHD, and the production of IL-2 and IFN in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) after PHA
stimulation, in contrast to those in normal controls. The results showed that NK cell activity and IL-2 and IFN levels were
markedly lower in the patients than in the controls. Afeter a single dialysis, NK cell activity as well as IL-2 and IFN levels
were elevated to different extent. But there was no significant change in patients after long-term dialysis. There was a positive
correlation between the NK cell activity and IL-2 and IFN activity in the controls, but no such correlation was found in the
patients on MHD. There was a positive correlation between the NK cell activity and IL-2 activity in patients after dialysis,
suggesting that immune function were impaired in the patients on MHD, with a decline in the activity of NK cell and IL-2 and
IFN, and a disorder of immune regulation cycle. These abnormal immune impairments in the patients could be partly corrected
by hemodialysis. However, long-term hemodialysis is not much helpful in the improvement of patient’s immune function. 相似文献
88.
89.
K Y Dai J C Montet X M Zhao J Amic R Choux 《Gastroentérologie clinique et biologique》1988,12(4):312-319
Methyl tert-butyl ether which is a powerful cholesterol monohydrate solvent does not completely dissolve mixed cholesterol gallstones when directly infused into the biliary tree. In this work, we compared the effect of various solvents containing different proportions of methyl tert-butyl ether and dimethylsulfoxide in anhydrous and aqueous systems on the in vitro solubilization of human cholesterol stones. The dissolution rates of cholesterol obtained in the presence of methyl tert-butyl ether was markedly decreased when 10 p. 100 water was added. In contrast, the addition of dimethylsulfoxide (30 p. 100) to methyl tert-butyl ether-water system enhanced the stone-solvent contact, improved the cholesterol dissolution rates and left less stone debris. A subsequent dissolution with an alkaline, pH = 8.8, aqueous dimethylsulfoxide-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solution strongly reduced the non cholesterol residues. In vivo, nearly complete dissolution of human cholesterol stones implanted in the gallbladder of rabbits was obtained within 8 hours when methyl tert-butyl ether/dimethylsulfoxide (70/30) solvent was infused at a rate of 0.6 ml/h/kg. With methyl tert-butyl ether, only 84 p. 100 of the original stone weight was dissolved. The infusion of these solvents leads to morphological changes in the gallbladder wall with some focal ulcerations. These alterations can be almost completely recovered after two weeks. No histologic evidence of hepatic, duodenal or renal damage was found. We conclude that the mixture methyl tert-butyl ether/dimethylsulfoxide (70/30) constitutes a good solvent for mixed cholesterol stones. Compared with pure methyl tert-butyl ether, the mixed system allows for a more rapid and a more complete dissolution of gallstones. 相似文献
90.
戴显伟 《中国普外基础与临床杂志》1996,(1)
作者对胰十二指肠切除术做了四点技术改进:①经小肠系膜根部后方十二指肠水平段隧道提取空肠至横结肠上区,再做吻合;②经结肠后行十二指肠或胃与空肠端侧吻合术;③放置25~30cm长的胰管支撑内引流管;④经胃窦前壁通过幽门及吻合口放置空肠营养管。文内对上述改进的技术进行了详细的介绍,并阐述了每项技术的优点和意义。 相似文献