Ein neuer Fall des Musculus tensor semivaginae articulationis humero-scapularis

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Die Crista galli des Os ethmoideum mit einer Höhle

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Ueber den Einfluss chirurgischer Eingriffe auf den Stoffwechsel der Kohlehydrate und die Zuckerkrankheit

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Antiproliferative and apoptosis-inducing effects of maslinic and oleanolic acids, two pentacyclic triterpenes from olives, on HT-29 colon cancer cells

We have previously reported the anticarcinogenic effects of an olive fruit extract composed of pentacyclic triterpenes, the main components of which are maslinic acid (73.25%) and oleanolic acid (25.75%). Here we examined the effects of the individual components on proliferation, necrosis and apoptosis rates by fluorescence-based techniques in human HT-29 colon cancer cells. Oleanolic acid showed moderate antiproliferative activity, with an ec50 of 160.6 (se 10.6) micromol/l, and moderate cytotoxicity at high concentrations ( > or = 250 micromol/l). On the other hand, maslinic acid inhibited cell growth with an ec50 of 101.2 (se 7.8) micromol/l, without necrotic effects. Oleanolic acid, which lacks a hydroxyl group at the carbon 2 position, failed to activate caspase-3 as a prime apoptosis protease. In contrast, maslinic acid increased caspase-3-like activity at 10, 25 and 50 micromol/l by 3-, 3.5- and 5-fold over control cells, respectively. The detection of ROS in the mitochondria, which serve as pro-apoptotic signal, evidenced the different bioactivity of the two triterpenes. Confocal microscopy analysis revealed that maslinic acid generated superoxide anions while oleanolic acid-treated cells did not differ from the control. Completion of apoptosis by maslinic acid was confirmed microscopically by the increase in plasma membrane permeability, and detection of DNA fragmentation. In conclusion, the anticancer activity observed for olive fruit extracts seems to originate from maslinic acid but not from oleanolic acid. Maslinic acid therefore is a promising new compound for the chemoprevention of colon cancers.     

Concordance between Preoperative mpMRI and Pathological Stage and Its Influence on Nerve-Sparing Surgery in Patients with High-Risk Prostate Cancer

Background: We aimed to determine the concordance between the radiologic stage (rT), using multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), and pathologic stage (pT) in patients with high-risk prostate cancer and its influence on nerve-sparing surgery compared to the use of the intraoperative frozen section technique (IFST). Methods: The concordance between rT and pT and the rates of nerve-sparing surgery and positive surgical margin were assessed for patients with high-risk prostate cancer who underwent radical prostatectomy. Results: The concordance between the rT and pT stages was shown in 66.4% (n = 77) of patients with clinical high-risk prostate cancer. The detection of patients with extraprostatic disease (≥pT3) by preoperative mpMRI showed a sensitivity, negative predictive value and accuracy of 65.1%, 51.7% and 67.5%. In addition to the suspicion of extraprostatic disease in mpMRI (≥rT3), 84.5% (n = 56) of patients with ≥rT3 underwent primary nerve-sparing surgery with IFST, resulting in 94.7% (n = 54) of men with at least unilateral nerve-sparing surgery after secondary resection with a positive surgical margin rate related to an IFST of 1.8% (n = 1). Conclusion: Patients with rT3 should not be immediately excluded from nerve-sparing surgery, as by using IFST some of these patients can safely undergo nerve-sparing surgery.     

Tumoroxygenierung unter kombinierter Ganzk?rperhyperthermie und Polychemotherapie Untersuchungen am Beispiel eines Rezidivkarzinoms der Mundh?hle Untersuchungen am Beispiel eines Rezidivkarzinoms der Mundh?hle

Hintergrund und Fragestellung. Die Wirksamkeit der Hyperthermie in der Kombinationsbehandlung mit ionisierender Strahlung und/oder Chemotherapie ist in zahlreichen Studien postuliert worden. Der Wirkungsmechanismus ist derzeit nicht vollst?ndig gekl?rt. Eine Hyperthermie führt zu einer Erh?hung der Durchblutung und sollte dadurch eine Erh?hung der Tumoroxygenierung bewirken, die ein wichtiger prognostischer Faktor in der Behandlung maligner Tumoren ist. Diese Untersuchung sollte kl?ren, ob unter den Bedingungen der Ganzk?rperhyperthermie des Rumpfes au?erhalb der W?rmekammer gelegene Regionen wie das Kopf-Hals-Gebiet ad?quat erw?rmt werden und welchen Einfluss dies auf die Tumoroxygenierung hat.     

乳癌病人HER2表达与乳房X线及超声显像表现关系

目的对比分析乳癌病人人类表皮生长因子受体2（HER2）表达与乳房X线及超声影像学表现的关系。方法对139例雌激素受体（ER）、孕激素受体（PR）表达均阴性的乳癌病人术前行X线及超声检查,术后标本测定癌细胞的HER2表达情况,比较并分析HER2阳性和HER2阴性乳癌影像学特征性表现。结果X线表现为单纯包块、包块伴钙化及包块大小、钙化形态、钙化分布方面两组比较差异有统计学意义（x2=4．384～12．110,P〈0．05）;超声表现为结构改变伴钙化、包块伴钙化、包块边缘、腋淋巴结转移方面两组比较差异有显著性（x2=5．210～16．134,P〈0．05）。结论在ER阴性、PR阴性情况下,HER2阳性乳癌较HER2阴性乳癌影像学表现具有相对特征性,能够为临床诊治提供一定依据。     

Digital subtraction radiography for assessment of simulated root resorption cavities. Performance of conventional and reverse contrast modes

Abstract A previous study of the sensitivity and accuracy of a standardized radiographic technique for the disclosure of root cavities in a cadaver material indicated that it was not possible to perceive small artificial “resorption” cavities. Using the same material, the aim of the present study was to evaluate whether the use of subtraction radiography would improve the detection of root cavities. In an autopsy material of five mandibular blocks each containing two premolars, small, medium, and large cavities were drilled in the cervical, middle, and apical thirds of the proximal and oral root surfaces. Each jaw block was radiographed before (B) and after (A) cavity preparation with three different exposure times resulting in light, medium, and dark film densities. The radiographs were digitized. Digital subtraction was performed between the A- and B images of varying densities by a computer program developed for dental subtraction radiography. Conventional and reverse contrast modes of the subtraction image were assessed independently by four observers. The results showed small inter- and intraobserver differences in diagnostic accuracy for assessment of total number of root cavities. Original film density did not influence the diagnostic performance in the resulting subtraction image. Contrast mode in the subtraction image influenced diagnostic performance as the majority of observers did best with the reverse contrast mode (p<0.05). Some of the small root cavities were disclosed by the subtraction technique, but overall accuracy was not increased compared to conventional radiography.     

A measurement of the efficacy of nosocomial infection control using the 95 per cent confidence interval for infection rates

From 1981 through 1985, the authors studied the changes in monthly nosocomial infection rates at the University of Virginia Hospital in Charlottesville, Virginia using the 95% confidence interval for infection rates as a marker of the efficacy of infection control activities. For a 99-month baseline period, monthly infection rates were calculated and the 95% confidence interval was established. In the 60 study months, each monthly rate was compared with the 95% confidence interval for that particular month. At the end of each study year, the monthly infection rates were incorporated into the existing confidence interval. Of 60 monthly rates during the study period, 30 were below the confidence interval (p less than 0.00001), two were above the confidence interval (p = 0.23), and 28 were within the confidence interval. Since there was no reduction in surveillance activity, patient case-mix index, or laboratory sensitivity for organism recovery, these results suggest that monthly nosocomial infection rates at this hospital have decreased when compared with the baseline period. The use of the 95% confidence interval may provide a measure of the efficacy of infection control activities, suggest temporal intervals requiring more intensive infection surveillance, and provide a method for examining the variability in monthly infection rates.