腹腔镜胆道手术患者双管型喉罩通气的可行性

目的 探讨双管型喉罩（PLMA）用于腹腔镜胆道手术患者通气的可行性。方法 择期行腹腔镜胆囊切除术或腹腔镜胆总管探查术患者80例，年龄21-63岁，ASAⅠ或Ⅱ级，随机分为PLMA组和气管导管（TT）组，每组40例。用纤维支气管镜观察PLMA的到位情况。记录患者插管时、插管后3min、拔管时和拔管后3min的平均动脉压和心率，间歇正压通气15min时和气腹15min时的气道峰压（Ppeak）、潮气量（Vτ）和呼气末CO2分压（PETCO2）。结果 两组的插管时间、间歇正压通气15min时和气腹15min时的Ppeak、VT、PETCO2差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。两组首次插管后通气成功率均为95％，纤维支气管镜确认PLMA首次正确到位率为87．5％。PLMA组插管时、插管后3min、拔管时和拔管后3min的平均动脉压和心率较TT组降低（P〈0．05或0．01）。拔管时TT组65％出现呛咳或挣扎反应，术后2、24h咽痛发生率分别为22．5％、25％，而PLMA组均无拔管反应和术后咽痛。结论 与气管导管相比，双管型喉罩操作简便，应激反应小，通气可靠，可避免术后咽喉部并发症。     

Emergency splenic arterial embolization for massive variceal bleeding in liver recipient with left-sided portal hypertension.

Splenic vein thrombosis with gastric variceal bleeding is difficult to manage, and splenectomy may be necessary to stop variceal bleeding. The authors report the case of a post-orthotopic liver transplant patient with bleeding gastric varices secondary to splenic vein thrombosis treated by partial splenic artery embolization. Successful embolization was performed via transcatheter approach depositing Gianturco coils into the intrasplenic artery resulting in immediate cessation of variceal bleeding. No recurrence of bleeding was noted postembolization. In conclusion, splenic artery embolization can be used as treatment for postliver transplant variceal bleeding with hypersplenism.     

高住低练对大鼠骨骼肌PI3K/PKB/mTOR信号通路基因表达的影响

目的:探讨高住低练对大鼠骨骼肌PI3K/PKB/mTOR信号通路基因表达的影响。方法:40只8周龄SD大鼠适应训练后,随机分为低住安静组(LC)、低住低练组(LoLo)、高住安静组(HC)和高住低练组(HiLo)。高住组每天低氧暴露12 h(氧浓度13.6%,相当于海拔3500 m),低练组进行35 m/min、1 h/d、5 d/周、共4周的跑台训练。采用实时荧光定量PCR检测大鼠腓肠肌PI3K、PKB、mTOR mRNA表达,以双因素方差分析进行统计。结果:低氧和运动均显著提高大鼠骨骼肌PI3K和PKB mRNA表达(P<0.01),但低氧和运动无显著交互作用(P>0.05);运动显著提高大鼠骨骼肌mTOR mRNA表达(P<0.01),低氧却显著降低mTOR mRNA表达(P<0.01),且低氧和运动有交互作用,显著降低mTOR mRNA表达(P<0.01)。结论:低氧和运动促进PI3K和PKB基因表达,低氧抑制而运动促进mTOR基因表达;HiLo训练促进PI3K和PKB基因表达,却抑制mTOR基因表达。不同条件下PI3K/PKB/mTOR信号通路基因表达水平不一致。     

改良斜轴位磁共振成像扫描在距腓前韧带损伤中的应用价值

目的  评估改良斜轴位磁共振成像（MRI）检查对慢性踝关节不稳患者距腓前韧带损伤诊断的可靠性及有效性。方法  选取2013年1月-2015年11月从该院预行踝关节镜检查的住院患者中招募研究对象。所有研究对象行踝关节常规轴位及改良斜轴位MRI检查,利用MRI图像评估距腓前韧带损伤,对比上述检查对韧带全长的显示效果,利用ICC指数评估观察者间一致性,以踝关节镜检查结果作为金标准,评估上述检查的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值,阳性预测值、准确性。结果  招募91例研究对象。其中,男性49例,女性42例,平均（34.6±13.2）岁。常规轴位MRI显示,效果与改良斜轴位MRI的差异有统计学意义（观察者A：Z =-4.987,P =0.000;观察者B：Z =-4.084,P =0.000）,斜轴位MRI检查观察者间ICC指数为0.943,95%CI：0.902,0.987。共有60例患者经关节镜检查确诊为距腓前韧带损伤。改良斜轴位MRI检查的敏感性、特异性、阴性预测值、阳性预测值及准确度：观察者A分别为92%、97%、86%、98%和95%;观察者B分别为95%、94%、91%、97%和95%。结论  对于诊断距腓前韧带损伤,改良斜轴位MRI检查具有很好的观察者间一致性以及突出的诊断价值,可以较好地显示韧带全长,值得在临床推广应用。

     

血清网膜素-1 与糖尿病周围神经病变的相关性

目的 探讨血清网膜素-1 与糖尿病周围神经病变（DPN）的相关性。方法 选取2016 年6 月— 2017 年10 月海南省第三人民医院收治的100 例2 型糖尿病患者,根据是否合并周围神经病变,将其分为 DPN 和无DPN 组,各50 例。另选取同期该院健康体检者50 例作为对照组。测量各组的体重、身高、腰围、 臀围,计算体重指数（BMI）及腰臀比（WHR）;检测空腹血糖（FPG）、空腹胰岛素（Fins）、糖化血红蛋白 （HbA1C）、24 h 尿白蛋白排泄率（24 hUAER）、胱抑素C（Cys-C）、胆固醇（TC）、甘油三酯（TG）、高密 度脂蛋白（HDL-C）、低密度脂蛋白（LDL-C）及血清网膜素-1 水平,计算胰岛素抵抗指数（HOMA-IR） 和胰岛β 细胞功能指数（HOMA-β）。结果 各组BMI、WHR、TG、Fins、FPG、HOMA-IR、HbAlc、 血清网膜素-1、HDL-C 及HOMA-β 比较,差异有统计学意义（P <0.05）,DPN 组和无DPN 组患者血 清网膜素-1 水平均低于对照组（P <0.05）,DPN 组患者血清网膜素-1 水平均低于无DPN 组（P <0.05）。 血清网膜素-1 水平与HOMA-β 呈正相关（r =0.496,P =0.000）,与病程、WHR、TG、Cys-C、FPG、 HbA1c 及24 hUAER 呈负相关（r =-0.323、-0.127、-0.173、-0.326、-0.449、-0.328 和-0.331,P =0.009、 0.013、0.035、0.000、0.000、0.000 和0.023）。Logistic 回归分析结果表明血清网膜素-1 是影响DPN 发生的 危险因素[Ol ^ R=1.011（95%CI ：1.003,1.019）,P =0.013]。结论 DPN 的发生、发展可能与血清网膜素-1 水 平降低有关。     

难治性胆石病的外科手术经验

目的 探讨难治性胆石病的手术方式与技巧.方法 回顾性分析1990年1月至2007年12月湖南省人民医院肝胆外科收治的521例难治性胆石病患者的临床资料.结果 全组均行手术治疗,3例术后围手术期内并发肝肾功能衰竭死亡,其余518例无严重并发症发生,痊愈出院.经B超和CT复查有结石残留者78例,占15.1%.423例获随访,随访5个月至17年,平均随访时间7.5年,随访率81.7%.效果良好率达90.1%(381/423).结论 大部分难治性胆石病患者可以根治;根据患者的具体情况,采用相匹配的个体化手术方案、精细规范的手术操作是保证疗效的关键.     

Preoperative imaging evaluation of potential living liver donors: reasons for exclusion from donation in adult living donor liver transplantation

Accurate pretransplant evaluation of a potential donor in living donor liver transplantation (LDLT) is essential in preventing postoperative liver failure and optimizing safety. The aim of this study was to investigate the reasons for exclusion from donation of potential donors in adult LDLT. From September 2003 to June 2006, 266 potential donors were evaluated for 215 recipients: 220 potential donors for 176 adult recipients; 46 for 39 pediatric recipients. Imaging modalities including Doppler ultrasound, computerized tomography (CT), and magnetic resonance (MR) angiography provided vascular evaluation and MR cholangiopancreatography to evaluate biliary anatomy. Calculation of liver volume and assessment of steatosis were performed by enhanced and nonenhanced CT, respectively. In the adult group, only 83 (37.7%) potential donors were considered suitable for LDLT. Of the 137 unsuitable potential donors, 36 (26.2%) candidates were canceled because of recipient issues that included death of 15 recipients (10.9%), main portal vein thrombosis (8%), recipient condition beyond surgery (5%), and no indication for liver transplantation due to disease improvement (2%). The remaining 101 (73.8%) candidates who were excluded included steatosis (27.7%), an inadequate remnant volume (57.4%), small-for-size graft (8.9%), HLA-homozygous donor leading to one-way donor-recipient HLA match (3%), psychosocial problems (4%), as well as variations of hepatic artery (4%), portal vein (1%), and biliary system anatomy (5%). Anatomic considerations were not the main reason for exclusion of potential donors. An inadequate remnant liver volume (<30%) is the crucial point for the adult LDLT decision.     

Enhanced expression of C chemokine lymphotactin in IgA nephropathy

Leukocyte accumulation in the kidney is observed in patients with IgA nephropathy. Chemokines are a large family of cytokines chemotactic for leukocytes and have been shown to be upregulated in renal diseases. We previously reported that the gene expression of lymphotactin, a sole member of C chemokine subfamily, is enhanced in an animal model of crescentic glomerulonephritis, but its expression in human renal diseases is totally unknown. In the present study, we investigated the expression of mRNAs of lymphotactin and some other chemokines in IgA nephropathy. The expression of mRNAs for three chemokines, lymphotactin, MCP-1, and MIP-1beta, in renal cortex was increased and the levels of lymphotactin and MCP-1 mRNAs were statistically higher in patients with glomerular crescents than in those without crescents. These levels also correlated with tubulointerstitial changes and urinary protein excretion. Glomerular levels of mRNAs for lymphotactin and MCP-1, but not MIP-1beta, were higher in IgA nephropathy than controls. By immunohistochemical analysis, lymphotactin was detected in tryptase-positive cells (putative mast cells) in the interstitial space. These results suggest that lymphotactin, as well as MCP-1, may contribute to leukocyte infiltration and disease progression in IgA nephropathy.     

肾嫌色细胞癌的诊治（附4例报告）

目的 提高肾嫌色细胞癌的诊治水平。方法 回顾性分析4例肾嫌色细胞癌患者的临床资料。男3例，女1例，年龄34—76岁，平均52岁。结果 3例患者行肾癌根治术，1例行肾部分切除术。术后病理诊断为肾嫌色细胞癌，病理分期：pT1aNxMo 1例，pT1bNoMo3例。病理分级：G1 3例，G2 1例。免疫组织化学染色：CK8（低分子量细胞角蛋白）阳性，Vimentin（波型蛋白）阴性，Hale胶体铁阳性。随访4个月至8年，平均4年。4例患者均健在，无肿瘤复发或转移。结论 肾嫌色细胞癌是一种低度恶性的肾细胞癌，影像学检查对其诊断有重要帮助，确诊有赖于组织病理学检查，手术治疗后预后较好。     

The impact of prior radical prostatectomy in men with metastatic castration recurrent prostate cancer: a pooled analysis of 9 Cancer and Leukemia Group B Trials

PURPOSE: A prior report suggested that radical prostatectomy may confer a survival advantage to patients with metastatic castration recurrent prostate cancer. Therefore, a pooled analysis of 9 trials performed by Cancer and Leukemia Group B was done to determine if men with metastatic castration recurrent prostate cancer who underwent prior prostatectomy had improved clinical outcomes, such as overall, prostate specific, progression-free and PSA progression-free survival, than men who did not undergo prior prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data from 9 multi-institutional trials performed by Cancer and Leukemia Group B were combined. Eligible patients had progressive prostate cancer during androgen deprivation therapy, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status 0-2, and adequate hematological, renal and hepatic functions. The proportional hazards model was used to assess the prognostic importance of radical prostatectomy for predicting clinical outcomes. RESULTS: Of 1,238 men 310 (25%) underwent prostatectomy. Median survival was 14.7 (95% CI 12.9-16.7) and 14.5 months (95% CI 13.5-15.7) in men who did and did not undergo prostatectomy, respectively. The HR for death was 1.03 (95% CI 0.90-1.19, p = 0.65) in men with vs without prostatectomy. CONCLUSIONS: Prior prostatectomy in men with metastatic castration recurrent prostate cancer who were subsequently enrolled on clinical trials for cancer treatment had similar survival compared to men who did not undergo prior prostatectomy. These data do not support another report suggesting that prior prostatectomy confers a subsequent survival advantage in men with castration recurrent prostate cancer.