常润茶服用方法对蒽醌类物质溶出的影响及其通便作用的相关性研究

目的：以常润茶为例研究蒽醌类物质的加水量及浸泡次数等服用方法对有效成分溶出及通便作用的影响。方法：利用紫外分光光度法建立总蒽醌的含量测定方法,利用高效液相色谱法建立番泻苷A、番泻苷B、大黄酸的含量测定方法,考察不同浸泡次数、加水量下常润茶水浸液中有效物质的含量变化。利用洛哌丁胺复制便秘模型进行通便作用的验证并探究常润茶对肠动力及黏液分泌的影响,观察不同浸泡次数、加水量对小鼠小肠推进率、首粒排黑便时间、5 h黑便粒数、粪便含水量以及结肠胃动素(MTL)、促胃液素(GAS)、生长抑素(SS)、P物质(SP)的影响。结果：加水量与蒽醌类物质的溶出正相关,加水60～100倍蒽醌类物质溶出差异不大;浸泡1次可将大部分蒽醌类物质溶出,从第2次浸泡开始,总蒽醌、番泻苷A、番泻苷B、大黄酸的含量均明显减小。动物实验结果显示加水倍数为40倍、60倍、100倍时,常润茶均可有通便作用,未出现腹泻等不良反应,60倍、100倍水量通便作用显著。加水100倍,反复冲泡多次通便作用不优于浸泡1次。结论：本实验为产品的精准应用提供实验依据,对于规范蒽醌类产品具有积极意义。     

Diagnostic value of periostin in lung cancer‐related malignant pleural effusion

BackgroundPeriostin (POSTN) is an extracellular matrix protein that is overexpressed in lung cancer and is considered an effective diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for lung cancer. The purpose of this study was to investigate the diagnostic performance of POSTN and to further evaluate the diagnostic value of POSTN combined with carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and cancer ratio [CR: serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)/pleural effusion adenosine deaminase (PE ADA)] in lung cancer‐related malignant PE (MPE).MethodsA total of 108 patients with PE, including 54 with lung cancer and 54 with benign lung disease, were enrolled in this study. The POSTN levels of PE and serum were detected using an enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay. Information on the expression of PE and serum CEA, serum LDH, and PE ADA was collected from medical records.ResultsThe levels of PE POSTN in MPE of patients with lung cancer were significantly higher than those in patients with benign PE (p < 0.0001). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve indicated that the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of PE POSTN for lung cancer‐related MPE were respectively 77.78% and 68.52% when the cutoff value was determined to be 53.45 ng/ml. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that PE POSTN has a high diagnostic value in MPE associated with lung cancer [area under the curve (AUC) = 0.764], and the combination of PE POSTN, PE CEA, and CR can improve the diagnostic accuracy of lung cancer‐related MPE (AUC = 0.948).ConclusionPOSTN can be used as a potential marker for lung cancer‐related MPE diagnosis.     

Advances in biotechnological production of santalenes and santalols

Sandalwood essential oil has been widely used not only as natural medicines but also in perfumery and food industries, with sesquiterpenoids as its major components including(Z)-a-santalol and(Z)-bsantalol and so on. The mature heartwoods of Santalum album, Santalum austrocaledonicum and Santalum spicatum are the major plant resources for extracting sandalwood essential oil, which have been overexploited. Synthetic biology approaches have been successfully applied to produce natural products on large scale. In this review, we summarize biosynthetic enzymes of santalenes and santalols, including various santalene synthases(STSs) and cytochrome P450 monooxygenases(CYPs), and then highlight the advances of biotechnological production of santalenes and santalols in heterologous hosts, especially metabolic engineering strategies for constructing santalene-and santalol-producing Saccharomyces cerevisiae.     

植入物乳房重建一步法和二步法临床对比研究

目的:探讨即刻乳房假体重建（一步法）和应用扩张器的假体重建（二步法）两种不同手术方式在术后并发症、美容效果和成本效益的差异。方法:回顾性分析我院乳腺外科2015年5月至2018年5月收治的285例乳腺癌植入物重建患者,依据手术方式不同分为一步法组（145例）和二步法组（140例）,比较两组患者临床资料的差异。结果:一步法组术后出血发生率（6.8%）高于二步法组（1.4%）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.021）。一步法组术后伤口皮瓣坏死率（6.2%）高于二步法组（1.4%）,差异有统计学意义（P=0.036）。二步法组乳房满意度评分（81.5±7.1）分高于1步法组（78.6±6.2）分,差异有统计学意义（P=0.035）。二步法组住院总花费（80 334.8±6 149.8）元高于一步法组（60 966.5±5 544.9）元,差异有统计学意义（P=0.049）。二步法组住院天数（34.3±3.2）天多于一步法组（17.5±3.9）天,差异有统计学意义（P=0.014）。结论:在植入物乳房重建两种手术方式中,二步法相较于一步法,其并发症少,美容效果好,但在成本效益上并不优于一步法。     

闭合性胰腺损伤22例诊治分析

目的提高闭合性胰腺损伤的早期诊断水平,掌握好探查指征,合理选择手术方式.方法回顾性分析20年来22例闭合性胰腺损伤的诊治过程.结果闭合性胰腺损伤临床上均有不同程度的上腹疼痛、呕吐、腹膜刺激征,其中伴休克3例,早期血淀粉酶检查18例,15例阳性;尿淀粉酶12例,6例阳性,腹水淀粉酶检查6例,均为阳性,腹穿12例均为阳性.B超检查18例,确诊9例,CT检查10例,确诊8例.并发症发生率50%(11/22)死亡2例.结论早期诊断闭合性胰腺损伤主要依靠临床表现、诊断性腹腔穿刺、淀粉酶检查和B超及CT检查.各种辅助检查有一定的局限性,术前提高对胰腺损伤程度的认识,掌握好探查指征,合理选择手术方式,可以进一步降低并发症及死亡率.     

Impact of purple sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas L.) polysaccharides on the fecal metabolome in a murine colitis model

Purple sweet potato polysaccharides (PSPP) play an important role in regulating the gut microbiota, modulating intestinal immunity and ameliorating colonic inflammation. In this study, the impact of two PSPPs (PSWP-I and PSAP-I) on the metabolomic profiling of feces from dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice was evaluated by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with triple time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Triple-TOF-MS/MS). Results indicated that there were twenty-five metabolites with significant changes and four remarkable metabolic pathways, i.e., cutin, suberine and wax biosynthesis, biosynthesis of unsaturated fatty acids, fatty acid biosynthesis, and steroid hormone biosynthesis. Two key biomarkers of oleic acid and 17-hydroxyprogesterone were screened that responded to PSPPs in colitis mice. The identified metabolites were correlated with the amelioration of intestinal immune function and the modulation of the gut microbiota. Nine pro-inflammatory and eight anti-inflammatory compounds responded to PSPPs, which were related to Bacteroides, norank_f__Clostridiales_vadinBB60_group, unclassified_o__Bacteroidales, Rikenella and Lachnospiraceae_UCG-001. Moreover, PSWP-I and PSAP-I had different regulating effects on intestinal metabolites. Our results revealed a possible metabolomic mechanism of PSPPs to regulate intestinal inflammation function.

Purple sweet potato polysaccharides (PSPP) play an important role in regulating the gut microbiota, modulating intestinal immunity and ameliorating colonic inflammation.     

Effect of Ho Addition on the Glass-Forming Ability and Crystallization Behaviors of Zr54Cu29Al10Ni7 Bulk Metallic Glass

The effect of holmium (Ho) addition on the glass-forming ability (GFA) and crystallization behaviors of Zr₅₄Cu₂₉Al₁₀Ni₇ bulk metallic glass (BMGs) were studied by employing differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The characteristic temperatures and activation energies of crystallization were obtained from DSC data. Classical kinetic modes were used to evaluate the crystallization processes of Zr₅₄Cu₂₉Al₁₀Ni₇ and Zr₄₈Cu₂₉Ni₇Al₁₀Ho₆ BMGs. The results showed that Ho addition reduces the activation energy in the original crystallization period of Zr-based BMG and improves the nucleation, which is due to the formation of simpler compounds, such as CuZr₂, Cu₂Ho, and Al₃Zr₅.