疏血通脉汤联合傍针刺对中风后肩手综合征患者肢体痉挛、血液流变学及活动能力的影响

目的:探讨疏血通脉汤联合傍针刺治疗中风后肩手综合征(shoulder-hand syndrome after stroke,SHSAS)的临床疗效,并观察其对患者上肢肢体痉挛程度、血液流变学以及上肢活动能力的影响。方法:110例痰瘀阻络型SHSAS患者按照随机数字表法分为对照组与联合组,每组55例。两组患者均给予神经内科常规药物和肢体功能康复训练治疗。对照组联合傍针刺法治疗,联合组在对照组治疗基础上给予疏血通脉汤。两组患者均以4周为1个疗程,治疗1个疗程。记录比较两组患者治疗前后上肢肢体痉挛程度(Ashworth)、上肢活动能力(FMA)、肩手综合征量表(shoulder hand syndrome scale,SHSS)、视觉模拟评分(visual simulation scoring,VAS)、中医证候评分,高切全血黏度、低切全血黏度、血浆黏度和血小板聚集率等血液流变学指标,并比较治疗效果。结果:联合组有效率为96.36%,对照组有效率为83.64%,两组患者有效率比较,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后,联合组高切全血黏度、低切全血黏度、血浆黏度与血小板聚集率水平均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);联合组Ashworth评分低于对照组、上肢FMA评分高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);联合组SHSS评分和中医证候评分均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);联合组VAS评分低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:疏血通脉汤联合傍针刺治疗SHSAS患者疗效显著,能有效改善患者血液流变学,缓解疼痛程度和上肢痉挛,提高上肢活动能力。     

嗜铬细胞瘤患者围手术期处理的改进

目的：探讨提高嗜铬细胞瘤患者围手术期安全性的措施。方法：对15例嗜铬细胞瘤患者、术前采用选择性α1受体阻滞剂多沙唑嗪控释片(可多华)控制高血压；11例患者采用3D DCEMRA进行肿瘤定位；术中均采用联合高容量血液稀释(AHH)和术中患者自体血回输纠正血容量。结果：除1例持续性高血压患者需联合钙离子拮抗剂和ACEI药物降压外．其余患者血压控制均为满意；根据3D DCEMRA定位选择手术径路者均顺利完成手术；AHH联合术中自体血回输使14例患者避免了异体输血。结论：本文围手术期处理改进．可多华可明显减少药物的不良反应；采用3D DCEMRA进行肿瘤定位，可增加手术安全性；AHH联合术中自体血回输可减少医疗成本和异体输血，以及由此而引起的并发症。     

原发性色素性结节状肾上腺皮质病(附4例报告)

目的：探讨原发性色素性结节状肾上腺皮质病(PPNAD)的临床表现和诊断治疗方法。方法：总结4例PPNAD的临床资料，4例均有库欣综合征的临床表现，内分泌检查结果提示为功能自主性肾上腺皮质肿瘤，但影像学检查并未发现肾上腺肿瘤。结果：4例患者均行单侧肾上腺全切除术，手术标本均表现为肾上腺大小正常或轻度增大，外表和切面上见黑色或深褐色小结节，结节间皮质萎缩，光镜下见组成结节的细胞体积大，脑质嗜伊红染色、颗粒状，部分细胞脑质中的颗粒状色素颗粒具脂褐质染色特征。结论：PPNAD在青少年中是一种引起库欣综合征的罕见病因，双侧肾上腺切除术是治愈本病的方法。     

髋臼骨折的手术治疗

目的：探讨髋臼骨折的手术治疗效果和影响疗效因素。方法：对31例髋臼骨折患进行切开复位由固定治疗。结果：平均随访18个月(6～36月)，根据Matta评分标准优16例，良8例，一般4例，差3例。1例术后发生深部感染，1例术后18个月发生股骨头坏死。结论：髋臼骨折，特别是有移位的髋臼骨折应及时手术治疗。手术医师的经验、骨折类型、手术时机和入路会影响髋臼骨折的疗效。     

新疆维吾尔自治区精神障碍流行病学调查及影响因素研究

背景经济社会的发展、生活方式的转变及新型冠状病毒感染疫情的发生都对人群心身健康水平产生影响,进而可能使精神障碍的患病情况发生变化。然而,目前新疆维吾尔自治区的精神障碍流行病学调查资料尚不完善。目的 调查新疆维吾尔自治区北部（简称北疆）≥15岁人群的常见精神障碍患病率及影响因素,并同新疆维吾尔自治区南部（简称南疆）相关资料进行汇总与对比,得出全疆常见精神障碍患病情况,为制定相应的精神卫生规划提供科学依据。方法 于2021年11月至2022年7月,采用多阶段分层随机抽样法在北疆选取居民3 853例为研究对象。以社会人口学调查表、自评量表（12项一般用健康问卷、心境障碍问卷、90项症状清单等）及他评量表（汉密尔顿抑郁量表、贝克-拉范森躁狂量表、简明精神病量表等）作为调查工具,以国际疾病分类第10版（ICD-10）中的精神与行为障碍分类为诊断标准,由两名具有≥5年工作经验的精神科医师对纳入居民进行精神障碍诊断,诊断不一致者由精神科主任或副主任医师进行二次诊断。结果 北疆地区常见精神障碍时点患病率为9.71%(374/3 853),年龄调整率为10.07%;全疆常见精神障碍时点患病率为9.69%...     

高糖对体外培养Schwann细胞生长及细胞外信号调节激酶1／2磷酸化的影响

目的:探讨高糖对体外培养Schwann细胞生长及细胞外信号调节激酶(ERK)磷酸化的影响.方法:按照培养液中葡萄糖浓度的小同,分为对照组与高糖组.用MTT法检测Schwann细胞生长情况;用ELISA法检测对照组与高糖组ERK1/2磷酸化的程度,以及加入神经源性一氧化氮合成酶(nNOS)抑制剂后ERK1/2磷酸化的程度.结果:高糖浓度下,细胞虽有增殖但幅度及时程明显低于对照组,高糖抑制Schwann细胞生长;随着精浓度的升高.ERK1/2磷酸化的程度逐渐增加,并与加入nNOS抑制剂有相似的表现.结论:高糖抑制Schwann细胞生长,并且降低nNOS的量,减弱一氧化氮(NO)对ERK1/2的抑制作用,导致ERK1/2磷酸化水平升高.     

Smad3基因剔除小鼠的繁殖与基因型鉴定

目的为进一步深入研究Smad3基因在脊椎动物发育中的重要作用,对Smad3基因剔除小鼠进行保种和繁育研究.方法采用基因剔除杂合子小鼠进行保种,通过PCR和Southern杂交对杂合子小鼠交配所产生的后代进行基因型鉴定,纯合子小鼠和野生型小鼠用于表型分析,杂合子小鼠用于留种和繁殖生产.结果采用PCR方法对278只子代小鼠进行了基因型鉴定,83只为野生型,133只为杂合子,62只为纯合子.结论Smad3基因剔除突变能稳定遗传.采用杂合子小鼠保种,子代小鼠三种基因型比例符合孟德尔遗传定律.     

Contents and significance of secondary development of large varieties of traditional Chinese medicine

Large variety of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) refers to the traditional Chinese medicines that have achieved large-scale production and undergone long-term clinical trials, proving to have ideal clinical value and market prospects. However, these medicines are limited by the technological capabilities at the time registration, always leading to the possible problems such as insufficient research into raw materials, unclear clinical mechanisms, backward manufacturing techniques and relatively low quality standards. Consequently, a more extensive and systematic research effort is needed, as well as a comprehensive improvement of the raw materials, manufacturing processes, and quality standards, in order to raise the quality of products and provide better service to the public. The research mentioned above is known as the secondary development of large variety of TCM, which specifically includes the following four parts of contents. The initial research that should be conducted is the material basis research on the TCM, and subsequently identifying its Q-markers based on the findings. Specifically, the material basis of raw materials, extract intermediates, and final preparations are explored based on a combination of plant chemistry and modern analytical techniques to fully clarify their composition, and combining pharmacology, toxicology, pharmacokinetics, and other methods to determine Q-markers. Meanwhile, researches on safety indicators such as heavy metals, pesticide residues, and fungal toxins in medicines are carried out to lay the foundation for the studies of the raw materials, production processes and products quality. The second part of content is focused on the mechanism of clinical action of the TCM, which can provide a more scientific evaluation of its clinical therapeutic prospects. Through modern pharmacological research, the active ingredients and their related mechanisms of action are identified, and suitable animal models are constructed to conduct pharmacological studies. Subsequently, conducting evidence-based medicine research to obtain richer clinical data, and integrating traditional Chinese medicine theory with modern medical concepts from the chemical and biological levels in an organic manner, in order to achieve individualized treatment based on syndrome differentiation. The third part of the research is to establish a comprehensive quality control system that involves the raw materials, preparation processes and final products. This system is designed to comprehensively improve the quality standards and level of quality control in the large varieties of TCM. Traditionally, the quality control of TCM often involves post-production testing of the final product, as known as quality by test (QbT), which ignores the fundamental reasons for the formation of TCM quality. Under the modern pharmaceutical manufacturing concepts, such as “quality formed in production” and “quality by design (QbD)”, it is crucial to establish a comprehensive quality control system that can be applied to the large varieties of TCM. This system should include an online monitoring system to visualize the entire production process of the medicine, thereby improving its controllability and quality. The last part of content involves the continuous optimization of the existing pharmaceutical processes, pharmaceutical machines, dosage forms, and clinical administration routes. However, due to the limited technological capabilities during the research and registration of the large varieties of TCM, there is still considerable room for improvement in these areas. With the continuous advancement of science and technology, various efficient separation and purification technologies have emerged, represented by column chromatography, membrane separation, and supercritical fluid extraction. Similarly, modern pharmaceutical production technologies, including hot melt extrusion, fluidized bed, 3D printing, continuous manufacturing, and intelligent production, have also emerged. Moreover, novel high-end formulations, such as those with controlled release and targeting, and new administration routes, such as transdermal, inhalation, and microneedles, have provided ample technological options for the secondary development of large varieties of TCM. In summary, it is important to be bold in exploring and daring to try to apply these emerging techniques to the production process of TCM varieties. Since the founding of the People''s Republic of China, the government has prioritized the advancement of TCM by improving the quality and quantity of traditional Chinese patent medicines. During this process, a series of large varieties of TCM with significant therapeutic effects for specific diseases have been developed. Conducting research on the secondary development of large varieties of TCM in this background can expedite the standardization, modernization, and internationalization process of TCM, and better benefit the health of all mankind.     

单侧双通道内镜下减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症的早期疗效观察

【摘要】 目的：观察单侧双通道内镜下进行单侧椎板切除双侧减压治疗腰椎管狭窄症的早期临床疗效。方法：回顾性分析我院2020年4月1日~2021年1月31日应用单侧双通道内镜技术进行单侧椎板切除双侧减压治疗单节段腰椎管狭窄症且随访3个月以上患者的临床及影像学资料。共纳入64例单节段腰椎管狭窄症患者,其中中央椎管狭窄患者28例,男15例,女13例,年龄57~77岁（67.79±6.29岁）,体质指数（BMI）为22.31±2.89kg/m2;随访3~9个月（3.86±1.80个月）;双侧侧隐窝狭窄36例,男17例,女19例,年龄50~79岁（62.75±8.02岁）,BMI 23.14±2.73kg/m2,随访3~9个月（4.83±2.30个月）。中央椎管狭窄组患者术前病变节段Schizas分级B级14例,C级13例,D级1例;侧隐窝狭窄组患者术前A级8例,B级17例,C级11例。统计所有患者术前与术后次日、1个月、3个月及末次随访时的腰腿痛视觉模拟评分（visual analogue scales,VAS）和Oswestry功能障碍指数（Oswestry disability index,ODI）,手术前后的硬脊膜囊截面积、血常规血红蛋白量,手术时间、术后下地时间和出院时间。通过配对样本t检验对比分析手术减压前后临床评分结果。结果：两组患者术后次日、1个月、3个月及末次随访时的腰痛和腿痛VAS评分均明显小于术前（P<0.05）;两组患者术后1个月、3个月及末次随访ODI均明显小于术前（P<0.05）。中央椎管狭窄组和侧隐窝狭窄组患者术后血红蛋白分别下降21.54±7.24g/L和21.00±7.67g/L,手术时间分别为120.75±9.79min和106.40±12.99min,术后下地时间分别为1.61±0.63d和1.47±0.61d,术后住院时间分别为4.39±1.77d和3.69±1.70d,硬脊膜囊截面积改善率分别为（108.21±38.28）%和（62.20±53.10）%。中央椎管狭窄组术后病变节段Schizas分级均恢复至A级;侧隐窝狭窄组1例患者由术前C级恢复至B级,其余35例均恢复至A级。两组患者术中均未更改手术方式,术后均未出现严重并发症,均未行二次手术。结论：单侧双通道内镜下单侧椎板切除双侧减压技术对腰椎管狭窄症患者的腰椎中央椎管狭窄和双侧侧隐窝狭窄能够实现充分的减压,早期随访临床效果确切,且安全性亦较高。     

天津市1999-2021年0~14岁儿童伤害死亡谱及城乡差异分析

目的 分析天津市0~14岁儿童伤害死亡谱的特征、变化情况及城乡差异。方法 1999-2021年天津市儿童伤害死亡数据来源于天津市全人口全死因监测数据库,计算不同亚组人群和主要伤害原因的构成比、粗死亡率和标化死亡率并比较城乡差异。采用Cochran-Armitage趋势检验分析死亡原因构成比的时间变化趋势。采用Joinpoint回归分析变化趋势,计算平均年变化百分比（AAPC）。伤害死亡风险的季节差异用死亡率比值及其95%CI表示。结果 1999-2021年,伤害是天津市0~14岁儿童的第3位死因。农村儿童死于医疗卫生机构的比例为31.08%,低于城市的37.82%。儿童伤害的总体标化死亡率呈下降趋势（AAPC=-5.54%,P<0.001）。溺水和道路交通伤害的标化死亡率在城市和农村地区呈下降趋势（P<0.001）。意外中毒的标化死亡率仅在农村地区呈下降趋势（AAPC=-8.09%,P<0.001）,在城市地区无明显变化趋势（P>0.05）。自杀标化死亡率在城市地区无明显变化趋势（P>0.05）,在10~14岁农村儿童中呈上升趋势（AAPC=4.58%）。跌倒/坠落标化死亡率在城市和农村地区均无明显变化趋势（P>0.05）。伤害死亡的总体风险和溺水死亡风险在城乡均为夏季最高;道路交通伤害在城市为秋季最高,在农村为夏季最高;意外中毒死亡风险在城乡均为冬季最高。结论 近年来天津市儿童伤害死亡情况得到明显改善。城市和农村地区的儿童伤害死亡水平仍存在较大差异,在未来政策制定中,应充分考虑缩小城乡差距。