自膨式金属支架治疗难治性食管静脉曲张出血的研究进展

食管静脉曲张出血（esophageal variceal bleeding,EVB）是肝硬化患者常见的严重并发症之一。近年来随着药物、内镜技术的发展,EVB预后已得到显著改善,但仍有部分患者经药物、内镜治疗后反复出血,或活动性出血得不到有效控制,称之为难治性EVB。难治性EVB的传统治疗方式包括球囊压迫、经颈静脉肝内门体分流术和外科手术。近年来越来越多的研究显示自膨式金属支架治疗难治性EVB可获得较满意效果。本文就自膨式金属支架在治疗难治性EVB方面的研究进展进行综述。     

特发性室性早搏与自主神经张力的关系

目的 探讨特发性室性早搏(室早)的发生与自主神经机制之间的关系.方法 采用单中心回顾性研究方法,选择24 h动态心电图记录到频发室早(≥10000次/d或室早负荷≥10％)的156例特发性室早患者(室早组)和同期健康体检者84例(对照组)为研究对象.根据24 h动态心电图检查结果,计算心率变异性指标rMSSD、pNN50、高频功率(HF)、标准化的高频功率(HFnorm)、低频功率(LF)与HF的比值(LF/HF).比较两组自主神经张力间的差异,并分析室早负荷与自主神经张力变化的关系.结果 与对照组相比,室早组患者rMSSD、pNN50、HF和HFnorm均明显增加(P<0.01),LF/HF显著降低(P<0.01).室早组患者24 h室早负荷与rMSSD、pNN50和HF呈正相关(相关系数分别为0.492、0.425、0.372,P<0.01),而与LF/HF呈负相关(相关系数为-0.206,P<0.05);其中28.8％(45/156)的患者每小时室早负荷与每小时HFnorm呈正相关,16.0％(25/156)的患者与每小时LF/HF呈正相关,53.8％(84/156)的患者与每小时HFnorm和每小时LF/HF均无相关性.结论 部分特发性室早的发生与交感和(或)迷走神经张力变化相关.     

Patient perspectives on the physical,psycho-social,and financial impacts of diabetic foot ulceration and amputation

AimsDiabetic foot ulcers (DFUs) and ulceration are complex and lifelong problems for patients with diabetes which dramatically increase mortality rates. This qualitative study sought to capture detailed personal accounts and insights from patients with a clinical history of DFUs and amputations to better understand patient experiences.MethodsFifteen patients from a tertiary referral center that treats diabetic foot problems were approached for participation. Inclusion criteria included having at least one DFU and being of white, Native American, or Hispanic background. Interviews were conducted by telephone by study staff trained in qualitative data gathering and audio recorded.ResultsThe main themes that emerged around impacts included the heavy burden of managing care, significant loss of ambulatory function, economic stress due to medical care costs and job loss, and emotional suffering tied to these stressors.ConclusionsThese data illuminate common social and personal impacts of diabetic foot problems across an ethnically and racially diverse and predominantly low-income US sample that expand our understanding of related declines in well-being. Our results indicate a need for proactive mental health assessment post DFUs diagnosis and the diversification of hospital and community-based support systems.     

Early and late clinical and angiographic outcomes following terumo coronary stent implantation

The Terumo stent is a new, balloon-expandable, stainless-steel device with a unique multicellular design to provide robust radial force and end-stoppers to prevent dislodgement. We evaluated the early and late clinical and angiographic outcomes of Terumo coronary stent implantation in native coronary arteries using an open, nonrandomized 3-center registry. From July 1998 to June 1999, a total of 118 Terumo stents were implanted in 105 patients (mean age, 58 +/- 10 years). A significant proportion of patients suffered from diabetes (34%), prior myocardial infarction (MI; 43%) and unstable angina (31%). Most target lesions (48%) had unfavorable morphological characteristics (type B2 or C); mean reference luminal diameter was 2.76 +/- 0.41 mm and lesion length was 11.4 +/- 5.3 mm. Primary success in stent deployment was achieved in 103 patients (98%). There was 1 patient with acute stent thrombosis in whom 2 overlapping stents were deployed. Following stenting, the minimal luminal diameter increased from 1.04 +/- 0.48 mm to 2.39 +/- 0.33 mm. Six-month angiography was performed in 97 patients (92%), and the binary angiographic restenosis (> or = 50% narrowing) rate was 16%. Late loss index was 0.50 +/- 0.43. By 6 months, two patients (1.9%) died, two patients (1.9%) had Q-wave MI and 9 patients (8.4%) required repeat coronary interventions. Therefore, our study shows that the Terumo stent is potentially safe and efficacious in the treatment of coronary narrowings, even in the presence of unfavorable clinical conditions and complex lesion morphological characteristics.     

Hepatitis B virus precore protein augments genetic immunizations of the truncated hepatitis C virus core in BALB/c mice

DNA immunization has been used to induce either humoral or cellular immune responses against many antigens, including hepatitis C virus (HCV). In addition, DNA immunizations can be enhanced or modulated at the nucleotide level. Genetic immunizations were examined in BALB/c mice through the use of plasmids and chimeric DNA constructs encoding HCV core proteins and hepatitis B virus (HBV) precore (preC) regions. Plasmids encoding the truncated HCV core induced potent humoral and cellular responses to HCV; pcDNA3.0A-C154 produced a stronger antibody response than pcDNA3.0A-C191 (P < 0.01) and pcDNA3.0A-C69 (P < 0.05). HBV preC enhanced the humoral and cellular immune responses of BALB/c mice to HCV; however, pcDNA3.0A-C69preC resulted in a weak cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) response. In addition, the humoral and cellular immune responses to HCV of groups immunized with pcDNA3.0A-C154preC and pcDNA3.0A-C191preC plasmids were higher than those of groups immunized with pcDNA3.0A-C154 and pcDNA3.0A-C191. In vivo CTL responses verified that mice immunized with preC core fused DNAs showed significantly high specific lysis compared with mice immunized with HCV cores only (P < 0.01). In our study, pcDNA3.0A-C154preC led to the highest immune response among all DNA constructs. Conclusion: DNA that encodes truncated HCV core proteins may lead to increased immune responses in vivo, and these responses may be enhanced by HBV preC.     

Monoclonal autoantibody from a (New Zealand black x New Zealand white)F1 mouse and some human scleroderma sera target an Mr 34,000 nucleolar protein of the U3 RNP particle

A monoclonal IgG2a antinucleolar autoantibody (72B9) was obtained by fusion of spleen cells from a (New Zealand black x New Zealand white)F1 mouse with myeloma cells (P3x63Ag8.653). Antibody 72B9 recognized a highly conserved nucleolar antigen present in both animal and plant cells. The staining pattern produced by antibody 72B9 in different cell substrates was identical with those obtained by scleroderma antibodies reactive with a basic (pI 8.5) nucleolar protein of Mr 34,000, which is associated with the U3 RNP particle. Western blotting further confirmed its reactivity with this scleroderma-related U3 RNP protein.     

急性脑梗死病人血浆D-二聚体及CD62p含量的动态变化及其意义

目的观察急性脑梗死（ACI）病人血浆D-二聚体和CD62p水平的动态变化度其临床意义。方法测定125例ACI病人血浆D-二聚体和CD62p水平，并设健康对照组（60名）对比研究。结果脑梗死病人不同病期D-二聚体和CD62p水平均明显高于健康对照组（P〈0．05或P〈0．01）。D-二聚体和CD62p水平与梗死面积成正相关。结论ACI病人血浆D-二聚体和CD62p水平升高，这与体内血液凝固性增强和血小板活化有关。测定血D-二聚体和CD62p水平对ACI病情预测和辅助诊断具有重要意义。     

Hypotensive Effects and Mechanisms of Adrenomedullin(13-52)

Adrenomedul1in(AdM)isarecentlydescribed52aminoacidpeptidepresentintheplasmaofnormalman[l1,AdMwasinitiallyisolatedfrompheochromocytomatissueandhasbeenfoundtobesynthesizedbyavarietyoforgansystemsincludingthekidney,adrenalgland,1ung,heartandspleen[="j.Whenadministeredasbolusinjectionsintoanormotensiverat,humanAdMdecreasedb1oodpressure['.'.']andsystemicvascularre-sistance[5].BasedontheseobservationslitwasconcludedthatAdMmayplayanimportantroleinb1oodpressurecontro1[l].However,theeffectsofAdMonh…     

Study Design and Interim Outcomes of Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Disease COPD Biobank

Background: GIRD COPD Biobank is a multicenter observational study blood-based database with local characteristics, in order to investigate the causes, risk factors, pathogenesis, prevalence patterns and trends of COPD and promote new pathogenic insights in China.

Methods: We enrolled 855 clinically COPD patients and 660 controls with normal lung function. Extensive data collection has been undertaken with questionnaires, clinical measurements, and collection and storage of blood specimens, following Standard Operating Procedures (SOP). All surveys had similar quality controls, supervisions, and training of the investigator team.

Results: Since September 2010, a total of 1515 subjects (1116 [73.7%] males; 855 [56.4%] diagnosed with COPD) were enrolled. Analyses of the design and interim results of the GIRD COPD Biobank Study identified patients with COPD were older, lower educational level, a longer history of pack-year smoking, less in kitchen fan usage, X-ray exposure, and history of disease (P < 0.01 for all); Most of the COPD subjects belonged to moderately severe or worse, stratified according to Global Lung Function Initiative (GLI); COPD patients had relatively more co-morbidities than controls; Environmental hazard exposures might be the main contributors to the reported respiratory symptoms; Cold air, haze, and influenza acted the top three factors to induce respiratory symptoms in both COPD cases and controls.

Conclusion: The GIRD COPD Biobank Study has the potential to provide substantial novel insights into the genetics, biomarkers, environmental and lifestyle aspects of COPD. It is expected to provide new insights for pathogenesis and the long-term progression of COPD.     

慢性乙型肝炎患者负性生活事件与肝功能的关系

乙型肝炎与生物-心理-社会环境有不同程度因果关系，包括负性生活事件在内的社会心理因素与肝炎的急性发作有密切的关系。现就乙型肝炎与负性生活事件及肝功能的关系进行讨论，报道如下。