80 侧颞下颌关节骨性形态螺旋CT图像测量

目的揭示国人正常青年男性颞下颌关节(temporomandibular joint,TMJ)的骨性形态特征,建立该人群TMJ骨性形态参考值。方法对40例正常国人青年男性(21~24岁)的TMJ区行多排螺旋CT(multisliceCT,MSCT)扫描,在工作站上进行多平面重建(multi planar reformation,MPR)和参数测量,对结果进行统计学分析。结果反映TMJ骨性形态的各参数测量值左右侧TMJ之间无显著性差异(P>0.05),将左右侧测量结果合并得出各参数的参考值;计算各参数的变异系数显示该人群中TMJ的功能面较非功能面形态变异小,髁突纵轴倾斜角在所有的测量参数中变异系数最小(0.058);关节窝前后径(0.074),髁突左右径(0.075),髁突外1/3前后径(0.090),关节窝左右径(0.112)变异系数也比较小;在所有的测量参数中髁突垂直倾斜角、关节窝顶骨质厚度、髁突水平倾斜角变异系数最大(分别为0.663,0.638,0.390)。结论MSCT配合MPR可以实现对TMJ骨性形态进行精确而全面的测量,建立TMJ骨性形态参考值,该参考值可作为临床TMJ疾病诊断、治疗以及人工TMJ设计的参考。     

Photosensitivity in doped and sensitized cis-polyphenylacetylene

The photosensitivity in cis-polyphenylacetylene (cis-PPA, polymerized with rare-earth catalysts) can be significantly enhanced by doping the PPA with I₂ or FeCl₃ and sensitizing with 4-isothiocyanatofluorescein (F-II) or 2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluorenone (TNF), which are powerful sensitizers. The electrophotographic photoreceptor (P/R) device with cis-PPA + F-II (on Al substrate) appeared preferable in photosensitivity enhancement and showed good photosensitivity: dark decay 1,8 V/s; maximum rate of discharge 321 V/s; residual surface potential 22 V; discharge 89, 1%; photosensitivity 2,96 s^?1. This is a new “family” of photosensitive materials which can be used in a duplicator.     

Association of clinical measures of periodontal disease with blood pressure and hypertension among postmenopausal women

1 Background

Hypertension and periodontal disease are common conditions among postmenopausal women. Periodontal disease has been found associated with hypertension in previous studies, but data in postmenopausal women is limited.

2 Methods

We assessed the cross‐sectional associations of clinically measured periodontal disease with prevalent hypertension and measured systolic blood pressure (SBP) among 1341 postmenopausal women enrolled in the Buffalo Osteoporosis and Periodontal Disease (OsteoPerio) study, an ancillary study of the Women's Health Initiative‐Observational Study.

3 Results

Clinical attachment level (CAL) and number of teeth missing were positively associated with SBP among those not taking antihypertensive medication in crude and multivariable adjusted linear regression models (both P < 0.05). Alveolar crestal height (ACH) and gingival bleeding on probing were associated with higher SBP in crude but not multivariable adjusted models. Neither probing pocket depth (PPD) nor severity categories of periodontitis were associated with SBP. Number of teeth missing was significantly associated with prevalent hypertension in crude and multivariable adjusted models (OR = 1.14, per 5 teeth; P = 0.04). ACH was associated with prevalent hypertension in crude but not adjusted models. CAL, PPD, gingival bleeding, and severity of periodontitis were not significantly associated with prevalent hypertension.

4 Conclusions

These results suggest that measures of oral health including CAL and number of teeth missing are associated with blood pressure in postmenopausal women. Prospective studies are needed to further investigate these associations and the potential underlying mechanisms for these relationships.     

Inter- and intrarater scoring agreement using grades 1.0 to 3.5 of the Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS). Multiple Sclerosis Collaborative Research Group.

We determined inter- and intrarater Kurtzke Expanded Disability Status Scale (EDSS) scoring agreement for four trained examining physicians who evaluated 10 clinically stable multiple sclerosis patients. These patients had previously been determined to have EDSS scores of 1.0 to 3.5 and were scheduled to participate in a funded clinical trial of intramuscular recombinant interferon-beta. Intrarater reliability was greater than interrater reliability for scoring the EDSS and all of its component functional systems scores (FSS). Specifically, individual examiners were able to reproduce three serial examination scores on the same patient on the same day (intrarater agreement) within 1.0 EDSS or 2.0 individual FSS points. Reproducible scoring across examiners (interrater agreement), however, could only be accomplished within 1.5 EDSS or 3.0 individual FSS points. Additionally, the interrater scoring variability in our patients is greater than that previously reported for patients with higher EDSS scores. We conclude that clinical trials that employ the EDSS as an outcome measure of treatment efficacy should include inter- and intrarater agreement data for all examining physicians. Most importantly, studies using a single examining physician to evaluate individual patients throughout the course of a clinical trial will require less change in the EDSS to reliably measure disease activity than will studies using more than one examining physician to evaluate individual patients throughout the trial.