Association between plasma Vitamin B5 levels and all‐cause mortality: A nested case‐control study

We aimed to evaluate the prospective association of vitamin B5 with all‐cause mortality and explore its potential modifiers in Chinese adults with hypertension. A nested, case‐control study was conducted in the China Stroke Primary Prevention Trial, including 505 deaths of all causes and 505 matched controls. The median follow‐up duration was 4.5 years. The primary outcome measure in this investigation was all‐cause mortality, which encompassed deaths for any reason. The mean plasma vitamin B5 concentration for cases (43.7 ng/mL) was higher than that in controls (40.9 ng/mL) (p = .001). When vitamin B5 was further assessed as quintiles, compared with the reference group (Q1: < 33.0 ng/mL), the risk of all‐cause mortality increased by 29% (OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 0.83‐2.01) in Q2, 22% (OR = 1.22, 95% CI: 0.77‐1.94) in Q3, 62% (OR = 1.62, 95% CI: 1.00‐2.62) in Q4, and 77% (OR = 1.77, 95% CI: 1.06‐2.95) in Q5. The trend test was significant (p = .022). When Q4‐Q5 were combined, a significant 41% increment (OR = 1.41, 95% CI: 1.03‐1.95) in all‐cause death risk was found compared with Q1‐Q3. The adverse effects were more pronounced in those with normal folate levels (p‐interaction = .019) and older people (p‐interaction = .037). This study suggests that higher baseline levels of plasma vitamin B5 are a risk factor for all‐cause mortality among Chinese patients with hypertension, especially among older adults and those with adequate folate levels. The findings, if confirmed, may inform novel clinical and nutritional guidelines and interventions to optimize vitamin B5 levels.     

关节镜辅助复位内固定与切开复位内固定治疗胫骨平台骨折的疗效比较

目的:比较关节镜辅助复位内固定（ARIF）和切开复位内固定（ORIF）治疗胫骨平台骨折的疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年1月至2018年8月华中科技大学附属协和医院骨科收治的75例胫骨平台骨折患者的资料。男58例,女17例;年龄20~54岁,平均47岁。左侧42例,右侧33例。骨折根据Schatzker分型：Ⅰ型23例...     

浅析ICH E2指导原则中MAA/MAH药物警戒职责及其启示

随着中国加入人用药品注册技术要求国际协调会(ICH),并按照必须条件实施相关原指导则,围绕药品上市许可申请人/持有人(MAA/MAH)主体开展药物警戒工作已是势在必行。本文通过梳理ICH E2系列指导原则中MAA/MAH药物警戒的职责要求,为我国药品监管部门完善药物警戒的监管法规提供政策建议,包括:强调MAA/MAH在药物警戒体系中的主体责任,加强上市前与上市后的药物警戒联系以持续、动态评估风险,以及应出台GVP规范或指南为企业指引工作方向。     

产ESBLs肠杆菌科细菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素耐药机制研究

目的研究产超广谱β-内酰胺酶（extended spectrum beta-lactamases，ESBLs）肠杆菌科细菌对氨基糖苷类抗生素的耐药分子机制。方法采用PCR方法对耐氨基糖苷类抗生素的产ESBLs菌株进行氨基糖苷类耐药机制研究，并同时对钝化酶基因DNA测序，进行网上基因相似性检索。结果20株耐氨基糖苷类的产ESBLs肠杆菌科细菌中存在氨基糖苷钝化酶基因，分别有aac（3）-Ⅰ、aac（3）-Ⅱ、aac（6’）-Ⅰ、aac（6’）-Ⅱ、ant（2”）-Ⅰ和aph（3’）-Ⅵ，以aac（3）-Ⅰ、aac（3）-Ⅱ和aac（6’）-Ⅰ为主。部分菌株同时可含有多种钝化酶基因。DNA测序分析结果与国外报道已知相应氨基糖苷钝化酶DNA测序结果一致。结论产ESBLs肠杆菌科细菌中普遍存在氨基糖苷钝化酶，四川大学华西医院分离得到的氨基糖苷类耐药的产ESBLs肠杆菌科细菌的钝化酶基因型主要是aac（6＇）-Ⅰ，aac（3）-Ⅱ,aac（3）-Ⅰ和ant（2″）-Ⅰ。     

Effects of intrathecal NMDA and AMPA receptors agonists or antagonists on antinociception of propofol

AIM: To study the effects of intrathecal (it) agonists and antagonists of N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) and alpha amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole-propionic acid (AMPA) receptors and NMDAR1 antisense oligodeoxynucleotides (AS ODN) on the antinociception of propofol. METHODS: Hot-plate test (HPPT) and acetic acid-induced writhing test were used to measure the nociceptive thresholds in mice. The effects of intrathecal NMDA,     

浅谈药包材标准管理

结合国内外药包材标准,系统地阐述了药包材标准的内涵及我国药包材标准管理概况,为科学制定与准确理解药包材标准,使之促进并服务于我国医药事业的发展提供有益的参考.     

维康芬净及其衍生物的抗真菌活性研究

维康芬净(aherfungin)是一种新型β-1,3-葡聚糖合成酶抑制剂,由一株高产紫杉醇菌种发酵产生,结构上是枝孢菌素(cladosporol)的手性异构体.本研究在于阐明维康芬净及其衍生物的抗真菌活性及其药用价值.采用琼脂块稀释法和液体稀释法,以氟康唑为对照,经多次重复实验.测得维康芬净及其衍生物的MIC在0.2～128μg/ml之间,其中以维康芬净的抗菌活性较强,且抗菌谱较广.     

吗啡戒断时M2毒蕈碱受体介导大鼠蓝斑核中nNOS表达增强

目的:观察脊髓不同M受体亚型对纳络酮催促吗啡戒断大鼠戒断症状评分以及蓝斑核nNOS表达变化的影响.方法:采用nNOS免疫组织化学、鞘内注射和反义寡核苷酸技术.结果:鞘内注射M_2-AS可显著减少吗啡戒断症状评分,M_1-AS虽可部分减轻戒断症状,但总的作用弱于 M_2-AS;吗啡依赖大鼠蓝斑核nNOS表达增加,用纳络酮催促戒断后nNOS表达进一步增加,鞘内注射M_2-AS可抑制在吗啡戒断时蓝斑核nNOS的表达增强,而M_1-AS对其无影响.结论:脊髓M_2受体介导吗啡戒断大鼠蓝斑核nNOS的表达增加.     

酮替芬联合盐酸氨溴索雾化治疗对小儿支气管炎呼吸功能指标的影响

目的 探究分析酮替芬联合盐酸氨溴索雾化治疗对小儿支气管炎呼吸功能指标的影响.方法 选取2014年10月至2016年10月期间来本院就诊的支气管炎症患儿58例为研究对象,采用随机数字表法将所有患儿分为试验组和对照组,两组各29例.所有患儿均给予常规对症治疗.对照组在常规治疗基础上加用酮替芬口服治疗,试验组在常规治疗基础上加用酮替芬联合盐酸氨溴索雾化吸入治疗,两组患儿治疗前后呼吸功能改善情况、临床症状缓解情况以及药物不良反应情况比较.结果 两组患儿潮气量、呼吸频率(RR)、达峰时间比(tPTEF/tE)和达峰容积比(VPTEF/VE)等呼吸功能指标水平均较治疗前明显好转,且治疗后试验组患儿潮气量、tPTEF/tE、VPTEF/VE[(7.54±1.24)ml/kg、(28.68±4.51)％、(30.42±5.31)％]明显高于同期对照组患儿[(6.31±1.21) ml/kg、(24.12±3.72)％、(25.64±3.75)％],差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05),其RR[(30.11±5.23)次/min]则明显低于对照组[(37.44±5.15)次/min]水平,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).经不同药物干预治疗后,试验组患儿咳嗽、气促、湿啰音、哮鸣音等临床症状消失时间及心率、体温恢复时间[(5.13±1.10)d、(4.12±0.74)d、(5.20±1.04)d、(3.24±0.47)d、(2.14±0.64)d、(2.43±0.53)d]均明显较对照组患儿[(6.76±1.53)d、(6.45±1.33)d、(7.32±1.41)d、(5.11±0.84)d、(3.52±1.10)d、(4.85±0.66)d]偏短,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).试验组患儿出现皮疹、荨麻疹、喉部刺激不适、声嘶及咳嗽等药物不良反应几率为13.79％,明显低于对照组水平37.93％,差异有统计学意义(P＜0.05).结论 酮替芬配合盐酸氨溴索化吸入治疗能明显改善支气管炎症患儿的临床症状,缩短临床治疗时间,促进呼吸功能恢复,疗效显著,安全性高.     

Studies on exposure status of inhabitants to water-arsenic valence states in areas with endemic arsenism in the Datong basin in Shanxi

This study aimed to describe the distribution of water-arsenic (As) valence states and its relationship to areas with endemic arsenism in the Datong basin. Drinking water samples of patients with endemic arsenism and a control group were examined using hydride generation atomic fluorescence spectrometry (HG-AFS). We analyzed the data using SPSS10.0 for Windows. The As(III)/As ratio was 52.1% in the water sample, exceeding the national standard of 0.05 mg/L. The As(III)/As ratio significantly varied among the different stages in the disease-state groups, and with the control group (χ ² = 22.4, P<0.01). The As(III)/As(V) ratio significantly varied in the four groups (χ ² = 26.19, P<0.01), with a tendency to increase along with the seriousness of the disease state. The most common type of drinking water arsenic valence state was As(III) in the endemic disease-areas. Endemic arsenism was positively correlated with As(III). This led us to conclude that the fraction of each water-arsenic valence state should be studied when determining the arsenic content of drinking water. Translated from Chinese Journal of Endemiology, 2006, 25(1): 64–66 [译自: 中国地方病学杂志]