内质网应激与相关眼科疾病

内质网是一个非常重要的细胞器.当内质网应激发生,细胞内信号分子活化,启动未折叠蛋白反应,细胞最终得以适应性存活或者启动凋亡.诸如白内障、糖尿病性视网膜病变(diabetic retinopathy,DR)、青光眼、色素性视网膜炎(retinitis pigmentosa,RP)等眼科疾病的发生和发展都与内质网应激过程密切相关,就此研究动态予以综述.     

青岛市四方区2008-2012年手足口病流行现状及对策建议

目的了解青岛市四方区2008-2012年手足口病发病状况及影响因素,制定防治对策。方法采用描述性流行病学分析方法对2008-2012年的手足口病资料进行分析。结果手足口病已成为目前影响儿童健康的主要传染病,2008-2012年青岛市市北区病例数均居甲乙丙类传染病首位;4~9月份为高发季节,7月份达到顶峰;5岁以下儿童为主要发病人群;聚集性发病与卫生环境条件、人群健康知识水平相关;隐性感染者已成为重要的传染源。结论青岛市四方区的手足口病发病趋势与青岛市基本一致,但由于四方区特殊的市区特点,手足口病特别是聚集性病例的发病以外来务工的流动人口为主,提示该人群是今后手足口病防控的重点人群。     

地方性砷中毒膜毒理学研究

以红细胞膜作为观察标志，从膜毒理学角度探讨地方性砷中毒的发病机理。砷中毒病人血砷０．１１±０．０５５μｇ／ｍｌ，红细胞膜砷０．１０１±０．０５μｇ／ｍｇ膜蛋白，胞浆砷０．００１２±０．０００７μｇ／ｍｇＨｂ；电子显微镜观察到红细胞膜破损，异形红细胞，细胞表面毛刺样改变；胞膜的损伤，引起红细胞免疫功能下降，血液流变学的变化，细胞膜ＡＴＰａｓｅ活性下降，红细胞电泳速度减慢和微循环变化，且甲皱微循环的变     

锤头状核酶对肝癌突变基因p53的抑制作用

目的 探讨p53核酶对肝癌细胞突变型抑癌基因p53的抑制作用。方法 应用计算机设计并合成针对突变型p53(249位密码子AGG→AGT)的锤头状核酶RZ，构建其体外转录和真核表达载体，检测核酶对突变型p53(mtp53)的体外切割作用，并在Lipofect AMINE^TM2000的介导下转染肝癌细胞MHCC97，应用逆转录聚合酶联反应(RT—PCR)检测核酶对肝癌细胞突变型p53的抑制作用。结果 测序证实核酶基因被正确克隆人体外转录载体pBSKU6和真核载体pEGFPC1中。体外切割效率为42％，而野生型p53(wtp53)没有被切割。在Lipofect AMINETM2000的介导下成功转染肝癌细胞MHCC97，RT—PCR检测证实突变型p53的mRNA水平明显下降，细胞内的切割效率为69％。结论 p53核酶可成功抑制肝癌细胞中突变型p53的表达，为肝癌的基因治疗提供了一个新的选择。     

The structure of a minimum amyloid fibril core formed by necroptosis-mediating RHIM of human RIPK3

Receptor-interacting protein kinases 3 (RIPK3), a central node in necroptosis, polymerizes in response to the upstream signals and then activates its downstream mediator to induce cell death. The active polymeric form of RIPK3 has been indicated as the form of amyloid fibrils assembled via its RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM). In this study, we combine cryogenic electron microscopy and solid-state NMR to determine the amyloid fibril structure of RIPK3 RHIM-containing C-terminal domain (CTD). The structure reveals a single protofilament composed of the RHIM domain. RHIM forms three β-strands (referred to as strands 1 through 3) folding into an S shape, a distinct fold from that in complex with RIPK1. The consensus tetrapeptide VQVG of RHIM forms strand 2, which zips up strands 1 and 3 via heterozipper-like interfaces. Notably, the RIPK3-CTD fibril, as a physiological fibril, exhibits distinctive assembly compared with pathological fibrils. It has an exceptionally small fibril core and twists in both handedness with the smallest pitch known so far. These traits may contribute to a favorable spatial arrangement of RIPK3 kinase domain for efficient phosphorylation.

Necroptosis is an important form of regulated necrotic cell death, dysregulation of which is closely associated with a variety of human diseases, including neurodegenerative diseases (1, 2), inflammatory disorders (3–5), and cancers (6, 7). RIPK3 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 3) serves as the central node to converge multiple upstream signals to induce necroptosis (8–11). RIPK3 is activated via interactions with proteins that contain the RIP homotypic interaction motif (RHIM) such as RIPK1 (receptor-interacting protein kinase 1), TRIF (TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β), and ZBP1/DAI (Z-DNA-binding protein 1/DNA-dependent activator of IFN-regulatory factors). RIPK1 mediates RIPK3 activation downstream of death receptors, such as TNFR1 (12). TRIF links RIPK3 to the TLR3 and TLR4 signaling pathway (8). ZBP1/DAI mediates RIPK3 activation in response to certain viruses, such as influenza A virus (9, 10). RIPK3 is composed of a well-defined N-terminal kinase domain and a RHIM-containing C-terminal domain (CTD) (13). Previous studies show that RHIM plays an important role in the interactions of RIPK3 with its upstream mediators and amyloid fibrillation of RIPK3 (9, 10, 14, 15). A previous solid-state NMR (ssNMR) study has revealed the structure of a heterofibril core formed by the CTDs of RIPK3 and RIPK1, where the RHIM domains of both proteins adopt a serpentine fold and stack alternatively along the fibril axis (15). The structure provides insights into how RIPK1 recruits and activates RIPK3 for signaling transduction. However, it remains unknown how RIPK3 assemblies into fibril in the absence of RIPK1.In this work, by using cryo-EM and ssNMR, we determined the structures of two amyloid fibrils formed by RIPK3-CTD. Despite the different fibril preparation, the RIPK3-CTD fibrils present a nearly identical structure. The fibril core exhibits an exceptionally small S-shaped fold of RHIM, which is distinct from that in the heterofibril of RIPK1 and RIPK3 CTDs. The consensus tetrapeptide VQVG forms the central strand 2 of the S-shaped structure and forms heterosteric zipper interfaces with the adjacent strands 1 and 2 within the same subunit. Intriguingly, the RIPK3-CTD fibril presents in both left and right handedness and features a minimum fibril core among the 50 different cryo-EM fibril structures reported previously and also represents the smallest fibril pitch and largest twist angle. By analyzing the reported cryo-EM fibril structures, we observed a strong positive correlation between the size of fibril core and the fibril pitch. Furthermore, we discussed how the small RIPK3 fibril core leads to a highly twisted fibril, which may display the N-terminal kinase domains in a favorable geometry to increase the efficiency of RIPK3 phosphorylation.     

Gene－expression analysis of single cells－nested polymerase chain reaction after laser microdissection

AIM: The structural and functional characteristics of cells are dependent on the specific gene expression profile. The ability to study and compare gene expression at the cellular level will therefore provide valuable insights into cell physiology and pathophysiology. METHODS: Individual cells were isolated from frozen colon tissue sections using laser microdissection. DNA as well as RNA were extracted, and total RNA was reversely transcribed to complementary DNA (cDNA). Both DNA and cDNA were analyzed by nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The quality of isolated DNA and RNA was satisfactory. RESULTS: Single cells were successfully microdissected using an ultraviolet laser micromanipulator. Nested PCR amplification products of DNA and cDNA of single cells could clearly be visualized by agarose gel electrophoresis. CONCLUSION: The combined use of laser microdissection and nested-PCR provides an opportunity to analyze gene expression in single cells. This method allows the analysis and identification of specific genes which are involved in physiological and pathophysiological processes in a complex of variable cell phenotypes.     

Impact of the supine position versus left horizontal position on colonoscopy insertion: a 2-center,randomized controlled trial

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大肠癌组织中HLA-I类分子的表达及意义

目的探讨大肠癌组织中HLA-Ⅰ类分子表达及其在大肠癌转移中的意义。方法以化学发光法检测81例大肠癌患者术前血清癌胚抗原(CEA)含量;每例患者术中取癌组织及癌旁组织．采用免疫组化SP法检测HLA-Ⅰ类分子．结果大肠癌组织中HLA-Ⅰ阳性率为43．2%(35/81),其中A期73．3%、B期55．6%、C期25．9%,D期16．7%．各期间相比P均＜0．01。转移组大肠癌患者HLA-Ⅰ类分子阳性率为23．1%,未转移组为61．9%,二者比较,P均＜0．01．在转移组大肠癌患者中．癌组织HLA-Ⅰ类分子缺失率(76．9%)高于血清CEA阳性率(51．3%)．结论大肠癌组织中HLA-Ⅰ类分子的表达缺失是大肠癌发生及转移的重要因素．检测HLA-Ⅰ类分子表达还有助于大肠癌转移及预后判断。     

海南省某医院103株鲍曼不动杆菌复合群-内酰胺类耐药性与碳青霉烯酶携带情况分析

目的 鲍曼不动杆菌复合群细菌是临床可造成感染的重要条件性致病菌,本研究旨在调查和分析我国海南省临床来源鲍曼不动杆菌复合群细菌对常用-内酰胺类药物的耐药性及菌株碳青霉烯酶携带情况,探讨其耐药流行性特点。方法 采用微量肉汤稀释法对103株采集自2012-2013年海南省三亚市人民医院的非重复鲍曼不动杆菌复合群细菌进行7种抗菌药物的药敏检测;应用聚合酶链反应(PCR)对收集的鲍曼不动杆菌复合群细菌进行9种碳青霉烯酶编码基因的筛查。结果 103株鲍曼不动杆菌复合群细菌对哌拉西林、头孢他啶、头孢噻肟的耐药率较高(接近50%),对头孢吡肟、哌拉西林/他唑巴坦的耐药率为40%,对亚胺培南和美罗培南的耐药率均在20%左右;PCR检测显示有38株携带blaOXA-58基因,62株blaOXA-66基因,其中25株同时携带有这两种基因;其余7种碳青霉烯酶编码基因筛查结果为阴性。结论 本研究中鲍曼不动杆菌复合群细菌对-内酰胺类药物耐药性较高,菌株携带的blaOXA-58和blaOXA-66基因编码的碳青霉烯酶对菌株的耐药表型有一定贡献意义,但仍有其他耐药机制参与到碳青霉烯酶耐药表型的贡献中。     

Suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 A+930-->G (rs4969168) polymorphism is associated with apolipoprotein A1 and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol

This study aimed to detect the association of the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 gene (SOCS3) A+930-->G (rs4969168) single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and environmental factors with serum lipid levels in the Han and Mulao populations. Genotyping of the SOCS3 A+930-->G (rs4969168) SNP was performed in 752 of Han and 690 of Mulao participants using polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism. The genotype and allele frequencies were significantly different between the Han and Mulao populations (GG, 57.71% vs. 51.16%, GA, 36.97% vs. 41.16%, AA, 5.32% vs. 7.68%, P = 0.023; G, 76.20% vs. 71.74%, A, 23.80% vs. 28.26%; P = 0.006; respectively). Serum apolipoprotein (Apo) A1 levels in Han were different among the genotypes (P < 0.05). Subgroup analyses showed that the levels of ApoA1 in Han females, and ApoA1 and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in Mulao males were different among the genotypes (P < 0.05). Serum lipid parameters were also associated with several environmental factors in both ethnic groups (P < 0.05-0.001). These findings suggest that there may be a racial/ethnic- and/or sex-specific association between the SOCS3 A+930-->G (rs4969168) SNP and serum lipid parameters in some populations.