全文获取类型
收费全文 | 1252篇 |
免费 | 106篇 |
国内免费 | 22篇 |
专业分类
耳鼻咽喉 | 9篇 |
儿科学 | 115篇 |
妇产科学 | 22篇 |
基础医学 | 159篇 |
口腔科学 | 23篇 |
临床医学 | 151篇 |
内科学 | 224篇 |
皮肤病学 | 18篇 |
神经病学 | 67篇 |
特种医学 | 155篇 |
外科学 | 225篇 |
综合类 | 14篇 |
预防医学 | 79篇 |
眼科学 | 1篇 |
药学 | 44篇 |
肿瘤学 | 74篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 7篇 |
2022年 | 8篇 |
2021年 | 12篇 |
2020年 | 12篇 |
2019年 | 10篇 |
2018年 | 17篇 |
2017年 | 16篇 |
2016年 | 18篇 |
2015年 | 24篇 |
2014年 | 29篇 |
2013年 | 45篇 |
2012年 | 49篇 |
2011年 | 57篇 |
2010年 | 50篇 |
2009年 | 45篇 |
2008年 | 41篇 |
2007年 | 55篇 |
2006年 | 51篇 |
2005年 | 37篇 |
2004年 | 34篇 |
2003年 | 46篇 |
2002年 | 33篇 |
2001年 | 37篇 |
2000年 | 38篇 |
1999年 | 37篇 |
1998年 | 53篇 |
1997年 | 50篇 |
1996年 | 35篇 |
1995年 | 20篇 |
1994年 | 34篇 |
1993年 | 26篇 |
1992年 | 29篇 |
1991年 | 17篇 |
1990年 | 18篇 |
1989年 | 29篇 |
1988年 | 37篇 |
1987年 | 23篇 |
1986年 | 16篇 |
1985年 | 17篇 |
1984年 | 21篇 |
1983年 | 17篇 |
1982年 | 21篇 |
1981年 | 14篇 |
1980年 | 12篇 |
1979年 | 9篇 |
1978年 | 9篇 |
1977年 | 14篇 |
1976年 | 8篇 |
1975年 | 5篇 |
1929年 | 4篇 |
排序方式: 共有1380条查询结果,搜索用时 468 毫秒
11.
Rupture of the distal biceps tendon: evaluation with MR imaging 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
12.
Aprotinin increases release of von Willebrand factor in cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells. 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
M P Havel A Griesmacher G Weigel A Owen P Simon H Teufelsbauer T Vukovich E Wolner 《Surgery》1992,112(3):573-577
Through the perioperative administration of the proteinase inhibitor aprotinin, hemostasis can be improved and postoperative bleeding reduced after cardiac operations. The mechanism of action has been only partially clarified. The goal of our study was to investigate the influence of aprotinin on the synthesis of von Willebrand factor (vWF) in human endothelial cells. Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were cultivated in vitro and incubated with different aprotinin concentrations (55, 100, and 215 mol/L). With all investigated aprotinin concentrations, there was an increase in vWF synthesis compared with basal secretion (p less than 0.001). When the HUVEC were preincubated with aprotinin and stimulated with thrombin, there was a further significant increase in vWF synthesis. HUVEC that, were first incubated with aprotinin and then stimulated with thrombin demonstrated a significant increase in vWF synthesis compared with basal secretion in nonincubated cells (p less than 0.0001). Also, compared with the cells that had received thrombin stimulation alone, the combination of aprotinin incubation and thrombin stimulation led to a significantly higher vWF concentration (p less than 0.05). Because vWF is necessary for the interaction with platelet factor glycoprotein Ib and platelet adhesion, the demonstrated increase in vWF synthesis could be one of the mechanisms of action of aprotinin leading to its blood-sparing effect. 相似文献
13.
Hans-Holger Capelle Johannes C W?hrle Ralf Weigel Hansj?rg B?zner Eva Grips Joachim K Krauss 《Movement disorders》2004,19(10):1202-1208
It is well known that brain injury or central traumatic lesions may result in the subsequent appearance of movement disorders such as dystonia or tremor. The concept that peripheral lesions to neural structures may be involved in the pathogenesis of movement disorders has been discussed controversely but has gained more widespread acceptance only recently. Here, we report on 6 patients who developed movement disorders after spinal disc surgery. The movement disorders became manifest with a delay of 1 day to 12 months after surgery. Of the six patients, 4 underwent cervical disc surgery, and 2 patients were operated on for lumbar disc herniation; 2 patients presented with paroxysmal kinesigenic segmental dystonia, 1 patient with focal dystonia, 2 with unilateral tremor, and 1 with bilateral tremor. The appearance of the movement disorder was associated with persistent dermatomal or segmental pain. In all patients, the anatomic distribution of the movement disorder was related to the nerve root or spinal segment of the corresponding disc level and the manifestation was in close temporal relation to the surgery. We conclude that spinal disc surgery may be another, thus far neglected, cause for movement disorders. The postoperative pain syndrome in all patients should be considered as an important factor of pathogenesis. Overall, movement disorders associated with disc surgery appear to be rare, yet they may cause significant discomfort to the affected individual. 相似文献
14.
Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery. A twenty-year review of surgical management. 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
C L Backer M J Stout V R Zales A J Muster T J Weigel F S Idriss C Mavroudis 《The Journal of thoracic and cardiovascular surgery》1992,103(6):1049-57; discussion 1057-8
Children with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery are at risk for myocardial infarction and death. Surgical management of this condition in children has evolved significantly during the past 20 years. Between 1970 and 1990, a total of 20 of these patients underwent surgical intervention at two institutions. Age at operation ranged from 3 weeks to 11 years (mean, 26 months). Twelve patients had congestive heart failure, three were in cardiogenic shock, and two had cardiac murmurs. Operative techniques included ligation (n = 9), subclavian artery anastomosis (n = 5), aortic implantation (n = 3), internal mammary artery anastomosis (n = 1), intrapulmonary tunnel from aortopulmonary window to coronary artery (n = 1), and cardiac transplantation (n = 1). The three deaths in the series occurred at 3 weeks, at 2 months, and at 9 years after ligation. There have been no deaths after establishment of a two coronary artery system or after transplantation. Two of the five patients who had subclavian artery anastomosis to the anomalous coronary artery have severe anastomotic stenosis and collateralization. For patients with anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery, we recommend direct aortic implantation of the anomalous coronary artery at the time of diagnosis. Intrapulmonary tunnel from aortopulmonary window to coronary artery, or aorta-coronary bypass with internal mammary artery are recommended for children in whom aortic implantation is not anatomically feasible. Left coronary artery ligation is not indicated for these patients; those who have survived ligation should be considered for elective establishment of a two coronary artery system because of the risk of late death. 相似文献
15.
In Germany about 1 million people are chronically infected with the hepatitis B or C virus and most of them are in the reproductive age. If a child is desired, liver function and moreover sexual and materno-fetal risk of transmission should be taken into consideration. Active vaccination can prevent sexual transmission of HBV and simultaneous passive vaccination strategies are able to inhibit consecutive infection of the newborn. Perinatal aquired chronic hepatitis B is typically asymptomatic and shows good short term prognosis. In men with chronic HBV infection transmission of the virus to the fetus by the infected sperm cannot fully be excluded. In HCV infection no successful vaccination strategies are available yet and preventing sexual transmission is based on condom use. Assisted reproduction techniques can reduce the risk of male to female transmission. HCV transmission to the newborn depends on maternal viral load. Perinatal aquired chronic hepatitis C shows a good prognosis. Prior to assisted reproduction antiviral treatment should be considered. 相似文献
16.
Claus Zimmer Stefanie Märzheuser Stephan Patt Arndt Rolfs Joachim Gottschalk Klaus Weigel George Gosztonyi 《Journal of neurology》1992,239(7):394-400
Summary In the hope of finding a treatable condition, the need for rapid diagnosis in HIV-seropositive patients with brain lesions is apparent. In order to evaluate the efficacy of stereotactic brain biopsy in AIDS patients, we retrospectively studied 25 HIV-infected patients undergoing stereotactic biopsy. Brain lesions were identified with gadolinium-enhanced MRI and/or contrastCT. Brain biopsy was performed using the system of Riechert. From 8 up to 15 small tissue samples from one or two targets were obtained in every patient. The biopsy material was examined cytologically, histologically (including electron microscopy), immunohistochemically and, in part, by animal test and polymerase chain reaction (PCR). A definite diagnosis was achieved in 92%. Diagnosis included primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) (10), toxoplasmosis (10), progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy (2) and one case of co-existing toxoplasmosis and cytomegalovirus infection. Two biopsies were non-diagnostic. All PCNSLs showed polymorphic B-cell populations of high malignancy; accurate classification according to the Kiel classification was not possible. In 3 lymphomas Epstein-Barr nuclear antigen (EBNA) 2-mRNA could be detected by PCR and confirmed immunohistochemically by EBNA 2 expression. In 6 cases autopsy confirmed the biopsy diagnosis. Conventional histology was not sufficiently decisive for toxoplasmosis and progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy, so that immunohistochemistry and animal tests became very important for a final diagnosis. With the help of different morphological and molecular biological techniques stereotactic brain biopsy appears to be an effective method in the diagnosis of HIV-associated brain lesions. In view of the marked radio- and chemosensitivity of PCNSLs it is mandatory to establish an early and accurate histological diagnosis for adequate treatment. 相似文献
17.
Androgen receptor YAC transgenic mice carrying CAG 45 alleles show trinucleotide repeat instability 总被引:1,自引:15,他引:1
La Spada AR; Peterson KR; Meadows SA; McClain ME; Jeng G; Chmelar RS; Haugen HA; Chen K; Singer MJ; Moore D; Trask BJ; Fischbeck KH; Clegg CH; McKnight GS 《Human molecular genetics》1998,7(6):959-967
X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (SBMA) is caused by a CAG
repeat expansion in the first exon of the androgen receptor (AR) gene.
Disease-associated alleles (37-66 CAGs) change in length when transmitted
from parents to offspring, with a significantly greater tendency to shift
size when inherited paternally. As transgenic mice carrying human AR cDNAs
with 45 and 66 CAG repeats do not display repeat instability, we attempted
to model trinucleotide repeat instability by generating transgenic mice
with yeast artificial chromosomes (YACs) carrying AR CAG repeat expansions
in their genomic context. Studies of independent lines of AR YAC transgenic
mice with CAG 45 alleles reveal intergenerational instability at an overall
rate of approximately 10%. We also find that the 45 CAG repeat tracts are
significantly more unstable with maternal transmission and as the
transmitting mother ages. Of all the CAG/CTG repeat transgenic mice
produced to date the AR YAC CAG 45 mice are unstable with the smallest
trinucleotide repeat mutations, suggesting that the length threshold for
repeat instability in the mouse may be lowered by including the appropriate
flanking human DNA sequences. By sequence-tagged site content analysis and
long range mapping we determined that one unstable transgenic line has
integrated an approximately 70 kb segment of the AR locus due to
fragmentation of the AR YAC. Identification of the cis - acting elements
that permit CAG tract instability and the trans -acting factors that
modulate repeat instability in the AR YAC CAG 45 mice may provide insights
into the molecular basis of trinucleotide repeat instability in humans.
相似文献
18.
19.
Stenoien DL Cummings CJ Adams HP Mancini MG Patel K DeMartino GN Marcelli M Weigel NL Mancini MA 《Human molecular genetics》1999,8(5):731-741
Spinal bulbar muscular atrophy is a neurodegenerative disorder caused by a polyglutamine expansion in the androgen receptor (AR). We show in transiently transfected HeLa cells that an AR containing 48 glutamines (ARQ48) accumulates in a hormone-dependent manner in both cytoplasmic and nuclear aggregates. Electron microscopy reveals both types of aggregates to have a similar ultrastructure. ARQ48 aggregates sequester mitochondria and steroid receptor coactivator 1 and stain positively for NEDD8, Hsp70, Hsp90 and HDJ-2/HSDJ. Co-expression of HDJ-2/HSDJ significantly represses aggregate formation. ARQ48 aggregates also label with antibodies recognizing the PA700 proteasome caps but not 20S core particles. These results suggest that ARQ48 accumulates due to protein misfolding and a breakdown in proteolytic processing. Furthermore, the homeostatic disturbances associated with aggregate formation may affect normal cell function. 相似文献
20.