Optimizing the Thermomechanical Process of Nickel-Based ODS Superalloys by an Efficient Method

Thermo-mechanical process of nickel-based oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) superalloys is critical to produce desired components. In this study, an efficient method of consolidating powder is introduced to optimize the preparation process, microstructure and properties of nickel-based ODS superalloys. The influences of consolidation temperature, strain rate and ball milling time on the hardness of nickel-based superalloys were studied. The relationship among process, microstructure and hardness was established, the nanoparticles strengthening and grain boundary strengthening in nickel-based ODS superalloys were discussed. The results indicate that long ball milling time, moderately low consolidation temperature and high strain rates are beneficial to improving properties of nickel-based superalloys. Moreover, dispersion strengthening of nanoparticles and grain boundary strengthening play important roles in enhancing nickel-based ODS superalloys.     

加味桃核承气汤含药血清对胰岛素诱导兔血管平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制作用

目的:探讨加味桃核承气汤含药血清对胰岛素诱导兔血管平滑肌细胞增殖的抑制作用。方法:采用兔主动脉平滑肌细胞株(SMC),以胰岛素(RI)诱导SMC增殖,制备桃核承气汤不同配伍组方含药血清,MTT法观察各组对RI诱导SMC增殖的抑制作用,以罗格列酮及美迪康作为对照组,探讨各组在糖尿病大血管病变发生与发展中可能的作用。结果:RI诱导SMC增殖试验确定RI终浓度为300mu/L;加味桃核承气汤含药血清对RI诱导SMC增殖的抑制作用试验显示,活血 泻热通下组、桃核承气汤组、罗格列酮组增殖抑制作用十分显著(P<0.01),以活血 泻热通下组抑制率最高(39.8%)。美迪康组、泻热通下组及益气养阴组增殖抑制作用不明显(P>0.05)。结论:加味桃核承气汤可能通过抑制RI诱导SMC增殖作用抗糖尿病动脉粥样硬化所致的大血管病变,本方抑制平滑肌细胞增殖的有效成份可能存在于活血 泻热通下组中。     

大鼠创伤性深静脉血栓形成中纤溶、凝血相关基因表达分析

在急性、亚急性创伤性深静脉血栓形成大鼠模型中,动态检测并比较分析血管内皮纤溶、凝血相关基因的表达变化和差异,探讨其在创伤性深静脉血栓形成中的作用和意义。分别取150只SD大鼠建立急性、亚急性血栓形成模型。急性血栓模型组采用直接钳夹股静脉 双后肢石膏固定、亚急性组采用定量击打双侧大腿 双后肢石膏固定的方式造模。根据深静脉血栓形成过程中不同的生物学状态,将实验动物分为正常对照、创伤即刻、血栓形成初始期、血栓形成高峰期、血栓消退、血栓不消退和血栓不形成7组。采用Genechip Rat Genome4302.0芯片,测定股静脉RNA表达情况,运用基因芯片数据分析方法(倍数变化分析)筛选出差异性表达基因。重点分析血管内皮纤溶、凝血相关基因在两种模型中的变化和差异。结果显示:内皮细胞抗凝和纤溶功能相关基因如ThbdN、os及Plat等基因的表达变化与创伤性深静脉血栓形成关系密切。内皮细胞抗凝和纤溶功能的减弱是创伤性深静脉血栓形成的重要因素之一。这一机制在血管直接受损的急性血栓模型中更显著。     

MMP-2与TIMP-2在神经胶质瘤侵袭中的作用及其意义

目的分析MMP-2、TIMP-2的表达与神经胶质瘤恶性程度和侵袭性之间的关系。方法采用免疫组化S-P法,测定76例不同级别神经胶质瘤和10例正常脑组织中,MMP-2和TIMP-2蛋白表达。结果MMP-2蛋白表达水平与神经胶质瘤的恶性程度呈正相关系(P<0.01);在神经胶质瘤中MMP-2与TIMP-2蛋白表达水平之间呈明显的负相关系。结论MMP-2的表达与神经胶质瘤的恶性程度正相关系;MMP-2与TIMP-2之间的平衡失调与神经胶质瘤的恶性程度和侵袭性密切相关,两者之间协同作用在神经胶质瘤的侵袭中有重要的意义。     

清炎颗粒治疗小鼠肾盂肾炎的实验研究

目的:探讨清炎颗粒治疗肾盂肾炎的作用机制。方法:采用孙建实方法改进造模,除空白组正常喂养外,治疗组给予清炎颗粒,模型组给予生理盐水,对照组给予至灵胶囊灌胃,分别喂养至3,7,15,30,60 d处死。取胸腺称重,计算胸腺指数,并取肾做病理分析。结果:清炎颗粒能提高不同时段小鼠的胸腺指数,并减轻相应时段的病理改变。结论:清炎颗粒通过提高小鼠的免疫功能来达到治疗肾盂肾炎的目的。     

鼻腔鼻窦内翻性乳头状瘤中MMP-9、PCNA的表达及临床意义

目的：探讨MMP-9、PCNA在鼻内翻性乳头状瘤(SNIP)发病及其复发和恶变中的作用。方法：选取40例SNIP及10例鼻腔鼻窦鳞状细胞癌（SCC）组织蜡块,全部标本分为4组,即良性SNIP组、复发SNIP组、恶变SNIP组及SCC组。利用免疫组织化学染色技术检测MMP-9、PCNA在各组中的表达情况。结果：MMP-9、PCNA在良性SNIP组、复发SNIP组、恶变SNIP组及SCC组中的表达逐渐增强,经秩和检验两两比较,显示MMP-9的表达在良性SNIP组与复发SNIP组,良性SNIP组与恶变SNIP组,良性SNIP组与SCC组之间均有显著性差异,复发SNIP组与恶变SNIP组,复发SNIP组与SCC组,恶变SNIP组与SCC组之间无明显差异;PCNA的表达在各组间差异无显著性。结论：MMP-9、PCNA的表达参与SNIP的发病,并在其复发和恶变中起重要作用,可能是SNIP复发和恶变的早期事件之一。     

Pan‐cancer analysis reveals sex‐specific signatures in the tumor microenvironment

The processes of cancer initiation, progression, and response to therapy are affected by the sex of cancer patients. Immunotherapy responses largely depend on the tumor microenvironment (TME), but how sex may shape some TME features, remains unknown. Here, we analyzed immune infiltration signatures across 19 cancer types from 1771 male and 1137 female patients in The Cancer Genome Atlas to evaluate how sex may affect the tumor mutational burden (TMB), immune scores, stromal scores, tumor purity, immune cells, immune checkpoint genes, and functional pathways in the TME. Pan‐cancer analyses showed higher TMB and tumor purity scores, as well as lower immune and stromal scores in male patients as compared to female patients. Lung adenocarcinoma, lung squamous carcinoma, kidney papillary carcinoma, and head and neck squamous carcinoma showed the most significant sex biases in terms of infiltrating immune cells, immune checkpoint gene expression, and functional pathways. We further focused on lung adenocarcinoma samples in order to identify and validate sex‐specific immune cell biomarkers with prognostic potential. Overall, sex may affect the tumor microenvironment, and sex‐specific TME biomarkers may help tailor cancer immunotherapy in certain cancer types.     

TLR4 rs4986790 polymorphism confers risk to Helicobacter pylori infection in Zhejiang,China and its enlightenment to nursing care

PurposePrevious literatures on the association between TLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism and Helicobacter pylori infection risk reported conflict results. We conducted a case‐control study and meta‐analysis to investigate whether TLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism confers risk to Helicobacter pylori infection.Patients and methods254 patients with Helicobacter pylori positive and 235 patients with Helicobacter pylori negative were enrolled. PubMed, Embase, CNKI (Chinese national knowledge internet) were carefully searched and reviewed. Odds ratio (OR) together with 95% confidence interval (CI) were applied to calculate the association power.ResultsGG genotype of TLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism contributes increased risk to the population of Zhejiang, China (p = 0.019). Meta‐analysis found that the positive findings came from Asian population by allele contrast (p = 0.006), homozygote comparison (p = 0.006) and recessive genetic model (p = 0.001).ConclusionTLR4 gene rs4986790 polymorphism is associated with Helicobacter pylori infection risk for population of Zhejiang, China. Combined with individual gene polymorphism, the accuracy of risk assessment of Helicobacter pylori infection can be improved and individualized health education can be provided for patients with Helicobacter pylori infection by nurses.     

慢性高眼压青光眼动物模型的构建和鉴定

目的:建立大鼠慢性高眼压模型,观察眼压、病理和视功能改变.方法:SD大鼠45只,麻醉后使用532二极管激光行右眼角膜缘360°光凝,角膜缘激光斑为80～100个,大鼠角膜缘颞侧、颞上及颞下巩膜浅层静脉3条,每条静脉光凝3～4个斑点,功率0.45W/0.7s.左眼为对照眼,3d后测量眼压,部分眼压升高不明显者,进行同样的二次光凝.Tono-penXL眼压计监测3,7,30,60,90,180d麻醉状态下的眼压.激光术后60,180d取大鼠各5只,40g/L多聚甲醛灌注固定,摘取双侧眼球和视神经,分别进行冰冻和石蜡切片,采用HE染色、尼氏染色、甲苯胺蓝染色,光镜下观察房角变化,不同时间视网膜节细胞计数,比较视神经髓鞘密度的变化.60,180d大鼠10只,使用TEC-350V视觉电生理仪行F-VEP检查;然后6mo大鼠5只,进行逆行荧光金标记RGCs,7d后40g/L多聚甲醛灌注固定,全视网膜铺片,荧光显微镜下比较视网膜节细胞数量变化.结果:大鼠高眼压模型成功38只,平均最高眼压在激光后30d,平均值为25.0±4.1mmHg,对照眼17.1±3.2mmHg,180d时眼压基本恢复正常.病理改变:实验眼前房角明显变窄,小梁网间隙压缩、变窄,甚至部分闭锁,消失,少量梭形成纤维细胞聚集,组织致密、硬化,而小梁细胞减少,虹膜部分卷曲,水肿、肥厚出现明显异常.逆行荧光金视网膜铺片和视网膜切片尼氏染色见实验眼视网膜节细胞数量有明显的减少;尼氏染色切片每400倍视野总平均数,60d组对照眼为41±10.6个,实验眼为35±11.2个,180d组对照眼为40±9.8个,实验眼为34±11.0个,周边视网膜平均值减少最为显著,均值相差可达8个神经节细胞;180d时模型眼视神经甲苯胺蓝染色显示的髓鞘密度明显降低;视功能检查:高眼压大鼠模型60,180d的实验眼和对照眼均可引出典型的和重复性好的NPN波形,60d时实验眼AP1(N1-P1振幅)均值降低,为13.03±3.11ms,对照眼为21.14±3.10ms,两者具有显著性差异(P＜0.05),波幅值降低持续至180d仍未恢复;LP1(P1峰潜伏期)60d时无明显变化,180d时则明显延迟,实验眼为74.47±8.05μV,对照眼为59.73±4.16μV,与对照组比较有显著性差异(P＜0.05).结论:使用532-二极管激光角巩膜缘小梁网及巩膜浅层静脉光凝能成功升高眼内压,眼压升高近8mmHg;病理显示视网膜神经节细胞数显著减少,以周边视网膜为著;视神经髓鞘密度亦显著地减少;视觉电生理检测,F-VEP的AP1振幅降低,LP1波峰潜伏期延迟非常显著.     

Ranibizumab治疗湿性AMD的相关研究

脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV)形成是湿性AMD导致视力丧失的重要因素。大量证据表明,血管内皮生长因子-A(vascular endothelial growth factor A,VEGF-A)是湿性AMD新生血管生成和血管渗漏的重要调质。VEGF的抑制剂已在临床中应用,其中,ranibizumab是一种重组的人源化抗VEGF单克隆抗体片段,能够结合并抑制VEGF,阻止血管渗漏和新生血管的形成,抑制CNV的发生。III期临床试验结果表明,ranibizumab不仅可以延缓患者视力的降低,同时相当一部分患者出现临床有意义视力提高。而且,在治疗过程中严重不良事件发生率低。ranibizumab很有可能首次使多数AMD患者获得良好而稳定的视力。2006-06-30ranibizumab经美国食品药物管理局批准应用于湿性AMD的治疗。本文简要回顾VEGF的生物学特点,临床应用的途径,同时对ranibizum-ab临床研究结果进行总结。