三种简易形态观察法检测肝癌细胞凋亡的比较

目的：比较3种简易形态观察法检测肝癌细胞凋亡的效果。方法：用6%的乙醇作用人肝细胞癌HCC-9204细胞6 h,诱导其凋亡,进行未固定细胞的吖啶橙/溴化乙啶(AO/EB)双染色、细胞固定后的H-E染色,以及TUNEL法检测肝癌细胞凋亡的形态学特征。结果：用6%乙醇诱导肝癌细胞凋亡后,AO/EB、H-E染色法以及TUNEL法均能够不同程度地显示细胞变圆、细胞核深染和染色质边集、呈环状、团块或新月体状,以及细胞质浓缩和“出泡”现象等细胞凋亡的典型形态学特征。AO/EB双染色法能够显示呈致密浓染的黄绿色染色或出现黄绿色碎片的早期凋亡细胞,还能显示呈致密红染或出现红色碎片的晚期凋亡细胞,也能显示呈红色膨大状的坏死细胞。结论：AO/EB双染色、细胞固定后的H-E染色,以及TUNEL法等3种方法均可不同程度地观察到凋亡细胞的形态学变化,其中的AO/EB双染色法还可以区分早期凋亡、晚期凋亡和坏死细胞,具有较大的实用价值。     

骨形成蛋白与前列腺癌

前列腺癌是西方国家男性最常见的恶性肿瘤之一,目前我国前列腺癌的发病率亦明显增加。前列腺和前列腺癌组织中有骨形成蛋白(bone morphogenetic proteins,BMPs)及其受体的表达。BMPs能够诱导异位成骨、细胞趋化、分化和胚胎发育。某些BMPs及其受体在前列腺癌细胞表达,可以作为前列腺癌发生、发展和预后的标志物。BMPs对前列腺癌细胞生物学行为的调控作用是多样的,与肿瘤细胞类型、分化状态和局部微环境有关。BMPs在前列腺癌进展过程中,特别是在促进前列腺癌骨转移并在成骨反应中发挥重要作用。研究BMPs与前列腺癌的关系,有助于阐明前列腺癌的发病及转移机制,为前列腺癌的治疗提供实验依据。     

Registration of external causes of death in the Baltic States 1970-1997

BACKGROUND: Trends in external causes of deaths in the Baltic States--Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania--were analysed against the background of turbulent political, social and economic changes. The reliability of mortality statistics concerning external causes of death in these countries is considered to be good. METHOD: This study is based on data published by the statistical offices of the three Baltic States and on data obtained through interviews with personnel employed at the national statistical offices. The study period was divided, by socio-political and economic factors, into a period of stagnation (1970-1984) and a period of reforms (1985-1997). RESULTS: During 1970-1984 a stable slightly upward trend of external causes of death rates was observed. The curve became S-shaped in the reform period: between 1984 and 1988 a marked decrease occurred followed by a rapid increase of rates until 1994, and then by 1997 a fall to the approximate level of 1984. The male to female ratio of external causes of death was between 3.4:1 and 4.2:1. External deaths accounted for 10% to 14% of all deaths before 1984. During the period 1984-1988 the proportion of external deaths was under 10% and peaked in 1994 at 16%. Fluctuations in the trends of external death were more pronounced among males than females in all Baltic countries. CONCLUSION: Trends in external causes of death were similar in Baltic States. High proportions of violent death decreased life-expectancy for both sexes, but markedly for males. Social stresses and alcohol consumption could be considered as factors influencing the mortality rates and specific fluctuations in trends of external death, especially among males.     

大肠癌组织中RB基因的点突变现象

为了进一步了解大肠癌中ＲＢ基因呈过度表达状态的机制，本文作者研究了ＲＢ基因存在点突变的可能性。利用ＲＮａｓｅ保护试验，在一例结肠癌中首次证实了其ＲＢ基因存在着点突变现象，同时也针对同大肠癌中ＲＢ基因过度表达相关的机制进行了讨论。     

香青藤挥发油化学成分的GC—MS分析

目的用气相色谱GC-MS法对香青藤挥发油进行化学成分的分析。方法采用水蒸气蒸馏法从香青藤中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱仪法对化学成分进行鉴定。结果共分离出110个峰,鉴定了其中74个成分,占挥发油总成分的67%。结论香青藤中主要含α-蒎烯、β-蒎烯、α-水芹烯、p-甲基,异丙基苯、β-水芹烯、α-没药烯和α-桉叶油醇,含量都在4%以上。该方法稳定可靠,重现性好,适用于香青藤挥发油的化学成分分析。     

HPLC法测定四季草胶囊中槲皮素含量

目的建立四季草胶囊中槲皮素的含量测定方法。方法采用高效液相色谱法,Hypersil ODS2 5um（4．6mm×250mm）;流动相：甲醇-0．4％磷酸溶液（50：50）;流速：1．0ml·min^-1;检测波长为360nm。结果槲皮素线性范围为2．27～20．44mg·L^-1,平均加样回收率为100．21％。结论本法简捷,快速可靠,可用于控制制剂质量。     

不同产地人工蛹虫草子实体及冬虫夏草中核苷类成分的比较

目的 测定不同产地人工蛹虫草子实体与天然冬虫夏草中核苷类成分的含量,为人工蛹虫草的质量评价提供依据. 方法 以尿苷、腺苷、虫草素为主要评价指标,采用高效液相色谱法测定9个厂家11批人工蛹虫草样品和4种来源天然冬虫夏草中核苷类成分的含量. 结果 不同产地人工蛹虫草的核苷含量为0.265%～0.870%,冬虫夏草核苷含量为0.168%～0.250%,其中虫草素含量变化较大,而天然冬虫夏草中几乎不含或含有少量虫草素. 结论 产地不同,人工蛹虫草中核苷类成分含量不同,但明显高于天然冬虫夏草中核苷类成分含量,其中腺苷、尿苷含量较为稳定,可为人工蛹虫草的合理开发利用和质量评价提供依据.     

巴戟天寡糖胶囊在中国健康志愿者中的耐受性研究

目的：观察健康志愿者对巴戟天寡糖胶囊的耐受性,为II期临床研究提供安全有效的给药剂量及方案。方法：根据改良Black well法,起始剂量为50 mg。共入选健康受试者42例,其中单剂量组的32例受试者分别接受了6个剂量组（50 mg组2例、150 mg组4例、300 mg组6例、600 mg组6例、800 mg组8例和1 000 mg组6例）的单剂量巴戟天寡糖胶囊治疗;连续给药剂量组的10例受试者接受800 mg•d-1,qd,连续服药7 d的巴戟天寡糖胶囊治疗。分别比较了单次给药和连续给药前后受试者的生命体征、心电图和实验室检查结果的变化,单次服药和连续服药后观察到的不良事件和受试者报告的不良反应。结果：42例受试者全部完成研究,且未出现具有临床意义异常的生命体征、心电图和实验室检查结果,主要的不良反应为口干、疲乏、困倦,与剂量相关,程度轻微。结论：本研究中的中国健康受试者对50~1 000 mg•d-1的巴戟天寡糖胶囊具有良好的耐受性。     

Discovery of macrocyclic hydroxamic acids containing biphenylmethyl derivatives at P1', a series of selective TNF-alpha converting enzyme inhibitors with potent cellular activity in the inhibition of TNF-alpha release

SAR exploration at P1' using an anti-succinate-based macrocyclic hydroxamic acid as a template led to the identification of several bulky biphenylmethyl P1' derivatives which confer potent porcine TACE and anti-TNF-alpha cellular activities with high selectivity versus most of the MMPs screened. Our studies demonstrate for the first time that TACE has a larger S1' pocket in comparison to MMPs and that potent and selective TACE inhibitors can be achieved by incorporation of sterically bulky P1' residues.