正交试验优选大孔树脂吸附纯化乌头碱工艺

目的：优选大孔吸附树脂提取纯化附子中总生物碱的工艺条件。方法：应用正交设计安排试验因素，以干物质量和乌头碱含量为指标，比较不同工艺条件对乌头类生物碱的提取分离效果。结果：不同上样液的pH对生物碱的吸附影响非常显著，洗脱液乙醇浓度对生物碱的洗脱效果有显著影响。综合得率和生物碱含量的影响因素，确定最佳提取条件为：上样液pH为10，浓度为0．0578mg·ml^-1（乌头碱），洗脱液（乙醇）浓度为90％。结论：本法的工艺条件可用于含乌头类生物碱的药材提取或中药制剂的制备。     

野西瓜果皮中有机酸类化学成分的分离与鉴定

目的研究野西瓜(Capparis spinosa L.)果皮中有机酸类化学成分,为进一步阐明其抗炎抗菌活性成分、充分开发利用提供科学依据。方法采用硅胶柱色谱、羟丙基葡聚糖凝胶柱色谱等方法进行分离纯化,并通过理化常数测定和波谱分析鉴定其化学结构。结果从野西瓜果皮中分离得到了6个有机酸类化合物,即香草酸(vanillic acid,1)、4-羟基苯甲酸(4-hydroxybenzoic acid,2)、原儿茶酸(protocatechuic acid,3)、2,4-二羟基苯甲酸(2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid,4)、丁二酸(succinic acid,5)、邻苯二甲酸二(2-乙基)己酯(bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate,6);分离得到3个甾体类化合物为β-谷甾醇(β-sitosterol,7)、胡萝卜苷(daucosterol,8)、α-菠菜甾醇-3-O-β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷(α-spinasterol-3-O-β-D-glucopyranoside,9)。结论化合物4、6、9为首次从山柑属植物中分离得到。     

Specific detection of fungal pathogens by 18S rRNA gene PCR in microbial keratitis

Background  

The sensitivity and specificity of 18S rRNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in the detection of fungal aetiology of microbial keratitis was determined in thirty patients with clinical diagnosis of microbial keratitis.     

A CpG oligodeoxynucleotide acts as a potent adjuvant for inactivated rabies virus vaccine.

To develop a CpG containing oligodeoxynucleotide (CpG ODN)-enhanced rabies vaccine for stimulating an earlier production of rabies virus neutralizing antibody (RVNAb) with high titers, we designed a CpG ODN (BW006) and evaluated its adjuvant activities in enhancing the immune response to rabies vaccine with or without aluminum in mice. It was found that BW006 could facilitate the rabies vaccine to induce an earlier and more vigorous RVNAb response, resulting in more effective protection of mice from rabies virus challenge. In addition, three shots of rabies vaccine with BW006 induced compatible RVNAb level with that induced by five shots of aluminum-adjuvanted rabies vaccine. These data reveal that BW006 could be used as a promising adjuvant to replace of or combine with aluminum for developing more effective rabies vaccines.     

Improved formulation of photosensitizer chlorin e6 polyvinylpyrrolidone for fluorescence diagnostic imaging and photodynamic therapy of human cancer.

An improved formulation of the photosensitizer chlorin e6 (Ce6) in combination with the hydrophilic polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was investigated for its potential clinical applications in fluorescence diagnosis and photodynamic therapy (PDT) of cancer. This study reports the comparative preclinical biodistribution and efficacy of Ce6 delivered with or without PVP versus dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). The safety and fluorescence pharmacokinetics of Ce6-PVP in humans was also accessed. Biodistribution results showed that Ce6-PVP had higher tumor to normal tissue ratio compared to the other formulations. The sensitivity and specificity derived from the area under the receiver operating characteristics curves showed that the formulations were able to discriminate tumor from peritumoral muscle in the following order: Ce6-PVP>Ce6>Ce6-DMSO. In vitro PDT results showed that Ce6-PVP was found to induce selective phototoxicity in leukemic cells compared to peripheral mononuclear blood cells. In addition, in vivo light irradiation at 1h after Ce6-PVP was found to induce greater tumor necrosis without causing animal toxicity. In patients, preferential accumulation of Ce6-PVP was observed in angiosarcoma lesions compared to normal skin following intravenous administration. In conclusion, PVP significantly enhanced the Ce6 concentration in tumors compared with Ce6 alone and increased the therapeutic index of PDT without any side effects in animal model. No serious adverse events were observed in human as well.     

注射用氨酪酸的研制

目的研制注射用氨酪酸并建立其质量控制方法．考察其稳定性和安全性。方法拟订处方组成与制备工艺，进行性状、鉴别、pH值、有关物质检查等研究，采用非水滴定法测定氨酪酸含量，通过影响因素试验、加速试验和长期试验考察其稳定性，以其血管刺激性、溶血性及全身过敏性试验评价用药安全性。结果确定了不加赋形剂的处方，以及将氨酪酸直接冻干的工艺；影响因素试验（10d）、恒温加速试验（6个月）和长期留样试验（24个月）表明。主药含量及其他氨基酸无明显改变。结论处方工艺合理可行，制剂质量可控、稳定性良好、安全。     

儿童麻疹血清细胞因子水平变化的临床意义

目的 探讨儿童麻疹时机体免疫状态的变化.方法 用ELISA方法检测71例住院麻疹患儿和30例正常对照儿童血清TNF-α、IFN-γ、IL-4水平.结果 (1)与对照组比较麻疹组TNF-α、IL-4水平显著升高,尤其是麻疹合并肺炎患儿更明显.TNF-α与麻疹炎症相关系数r=0.886.(2)然而,与对照组比相麻疹组IFN-γ水平显著降低,尤以麻疹合并肺炎为明显.(3)TNF-α/IL-4比值随着麻疹病情加重逐渐降低.结论 儿童麻疹时Th1类因子受到抑制,Th2类因子较活跃,提示存在Th1/Th2失衡,儿童麻疹时机体免疫受到抑制,较容易合并其他病原体感染.     

辛伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者脑梗死体积变化的研究

目的 观察辛伐他汀对急性脑梗死患者的干预治疗及脑梗死体积的变化。方法 将120例急性脑梗死患者随机分为治疗组和对照组各60例，治疗组用辛伐他汀20mg／d口服，对照组仅使用常规治疗，15d为一疗程。一疗程后比较两组显效率、总有效率及脑梗死体积。结果 治疗组和对照组显效率分别为63.3％和43.3％（P〈0.05），总有效率分别为88．8％和66，7％（P〈0.05）。治疗组与对照组比较，脑梗死体积明显缩小（P〈0．05）。结论 辛伐他汀有明显改善急性脑梗死患者疗效及缩小脑梗死体积的作用。     

平价医院构建之我见

改革开放20多年来,国人从来没有像近两年这样关注医疗卫生事业改革。2005年7月,国务院发展研究中心“医改基本不成功”的研究报告如同一颗重磅炸弹,使     

浅谈卫生统计工作在现代医院管理中的职能

目的阐明统计工作在医院管理中具有重要的、不可忽视的作用。方法通过论述卫生统计数据的性质和职能来说明统计工作对医院管理的影响。结果在新形势下，医院要加强管理，促进自我生存和发展，必须充分发挥统计信息功能，有效开发和充分利用统计信息。结论只有依据科学的统计信息资料，才能提高医院的服务质量，从而促进医院的全面发展。