Cervical epithelial abnormalities are significantly associated with non-HPV lower genital tract infection in female contacts of warts*

Objectives

• 1 To assess the prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormalities in female sexual partners of men with anogenital warts.
• 2 To examine the possible association between non-HPV lower genital tract infection, and cervical epithelial abnormalities.

Design Retrospective review of the medical records of all female sexual partners of men with anogenital warts attending the GUM clinic in 1990. Setting and patients The department of Genito-Urinary Medicine (GUM), Royal Victoria Hospital, Belfast. Sixty-two female sexual partners of men with anogenital warts. Methods Cervical cytology and colposcopy was performed on all patients. Biopsies were taken of colposcopically identified cervical epithelial abnormalities, Non-HPV lower genital tract infection was detected by routine genito-urinary screening. Demographic data and sexual history were obtained by questionnaire. Outcome measured Overall prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormalities and correlation to the presence of non-HPV lower genital tract infection in the female. Results The overall prevalence of cervical epithelial abnormalities detected with colposcopy and biopsy was 46.8%. The prevalence of koilocytosis and cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) was 69.6% when non-HPV lower genital tract infection was detected by routine genito-urinary screening. When no infection was detected the prevalence was 33.3% (P < 0.05).     

The importance of internal marketing: the case of geriatric services

Hospitals seeking to become more aggressive often are tempted to introduce programs prematurely. Using the example of a geriatric services program at a large hospital, the authors illustrate the dangers of neglecting internal marketing and offer recommendations for ensuring internal coordination prior to introduction of a product externally.