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排序方式: 共有1822条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
31.
Evaluation of the effectiveness of a pathogen inactivation technology against clinically relevant transfusion‐transmitted bacterial strains 下载免费PDF全文
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Andrew J. Davidson Karin Becke Jurgen de Graaff Gaia Giribaldi Walid Habre Tom Hansen Rodney W. Hunt Caleb Ing Andreas Loepke Mary Ellen McCann Gillian D. Ormond Alessio Pini Prato Ida Salvo Lena Sun Laszlo Vutskits Suellen Walker Nicola Disma 《Paediatric anaesthesia》2015,25(5):447-452
It is now well established that many general anesthetics have a variety of effects on the developing brain in animal models. In contrast, human cohort studies show mixed evidence for any association between neurobehavioural outcome and anesthesia exposure in early childhood. In spite of large volumes of research, it remains very unclear if the animal studies have any clinical relevance; or indeed how, or if, clinical practice needs to be altered. Answering these questions is of great importance given the huge numbers of young children exposed to general anesthetics. A recent meeting in Genoa brought together researchers and clinicians to map a path forward for future clinical studies. This paper describes these discussions and conclusions. It was agreed that there is a need for large, detailed, prospective, observational studies, and for carefully designed trials. It may be impossible to design or conduct a single study to completely exclude the possibility that anesthetics can, under certain circumstances, produce long‐term neurobehavioural changes in humans; however , observational studies will improve our understanding of which children are at greatest risk, and may also suggest potential underlying etiologies, and clinical trials will provide the strongest evidence to test the effectiveness of different strategies or anesthetic regimens with respect to better neurobehavioral outcome. 相似文献
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Silver nanoparticles (SNPs) are widely used in nanomedicine and consuming products with potential risk to human health. While considerable work was carried out on the molecular, biochemical, and physiological alterations induced by these particles, little is known of the ultrastructural pathological alterations that might be induced by nanosilver materials. The aim of the present work is to investigate the hepatocyte ultrastructural alterations that might be induced by SNP exposure. Male rats were subjected to a daily single dose (2 mg/kg) of SNPs (15–35 nm diameter) for 21 days. Liver biopsies from all rats under study were processed for transmission electron microscopy examination. The following hepatic ultrastructural alterations were demonstrated: mitochondria swelling and crystolysis, endoplasmic reticulum disruption, cytoplasmic vacuolization, lipid droplets accumulation, glycogen depletion, karyopyknosis, apoptosis, sinusoidal dilatation, Kupffer cells activation, and myelin figures formation. The current findings may indicate that SNPs can induce hepatocyte organelles alteration, leading to cellular damage that may affect the function of the liver. These findings might indicate that SNPs potentially trigger heptocyte ultrastructural alterations that may affect the function of the liver with potential risk on human health in relation to numerous applications of these particles. More work is needed to elucidate probable ultrastructural alterations in the vital organs that might result from nanosilver toxicity. 相似文献
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Taylor RM Maaty WS Lord CI Hamilton T Burritt JB Bothner B Jesaitis AJ 《Molecular immunology》2007,44(4):625-637
The integral membrane protein flavocytochrome b (Cyt b) is the catalytic core of the NADPH oxidase complex, a multicomponent enzyme system that initiates a cascade of reactive oxygen species that play a critical role in innate immunity and vascular physiology. Epitope-mapped, monoclonal antibodies (mAb) that recognize the large (gp91phox) and small (p22phox) subunits of Cyt b provide valuable reagents that have been used to examine structural and mechanistic aspects of oxidase function. In the present study, the heavy and light chain variable region genes of the Cyt b-specific mAbs 44.1, NS5, and NL7 have been amplified by RT-PCR, cloned and subject to DNA sequence analysis. Since the 5' degenerate primer sets used for mAb gene amplification were observed to introduce extensive heterogeneity into the heavy and light chain FR1 regions, N-terminal protein sequence analysis was also conducted to obtain the correct amino acid sequence of this region. In order to confirm the identity of the cloned genes, intact mAbs were resolved by two-dimensional electrophoresis and subject to in-gel tryptic digestion for analysis by both MALDI and nanospray LC-MS/MS. Databases searches using the derived mAb sequences predicted residues comprising CDR loops, identified candidate germline genes, and showed the respective germline genes to accurately predict the N-terminal amino acid residues for each variable region. The above studies report the amino acid sequence of Cyt b-specific mAb variable region genes with high confidence and provide essential information for future efforts at Cyt b structure analysis by resonance energy transfer and X-ray crystallography. 相似文献
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Khawla Abu Hammour Mariam Abdel Jalil Walid Abu Hammour 《Saudi Pharmaceutical Journal》2018,26(6):780-785