Duodenitis: endoscopic-radiologic correlation in 272 patients

Potential radiologic findings of duodenitis were investigated in 272 patients, 157 with endoscopically diagnosed duodenitis and 115 endoscopically normal controls. The study assessed the value of four signs: folds more than 4 mm thick, mucosal nodules, bulbar deformity, and erosions. The most sensitive signs were thickened folds (72.0%) and nodularity (48.4%), while demonstration of erosions was the least sensitive (10.8%). Overall sensitivity (77.7%) approximated that for the radiologic diagnosis of peptic ulcer or esophagitis. Radiologic specificity (76.5%) was in the same range.     

一种新的三嗪类抗锥虫药:SIPI-1029及其类似物的合成和抗原虫作用

合成了1,2-二氢-2,2-二甲基-4,6-二氨基-1-(ω-卤代烷氧基)-s-三嗪类和O,O’-双(4,6-二氨基-1,2-二氢-2,2-二取付-s-三嗪-1-基)烷烃二醇两类化合物,它们大多有较好的体内抗疟原虫(Plasmodium berghei)作用,化合物IIc～e对用伊氏锥虫(Trypanosoma evansi)感染的小鼠,有较好的作用,经深入的药理、毒理和药代动力学以及疗效等研究,化合物IIe(SIPI-1029,T-46)被证明是一高效、低毒并有较长的血药半衰期的抗锥虫新药。     

Parvovirus B19 infection in patients with hemophilia

BACKGROUND: The long-term consequences of parvovirus B19 infection in transfusion recipients are not known, and thus the value of B19 screening of blood donors remains unresolved. Hemophiliacs, at risk for B19 through their chronic exposure to clotting factor concentrates, have frequent, close medical follow-up and thereby constitute an ideal group in which to study the hematologic sequelae of B19 infection. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS: An enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was used to detect B19 IgG and IgM and the polymerase chain reaction was used to detect B19 DNA in frozen, stored plasma samples, obtained between 1987 and 1994, from 136 subjects with hemophilia, including 71 who were human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive and 65 who were HIV- negative. Then the results of the tests were compared with clinical hematological data and blood product usage data. RESULTS: B19 seroprevalence in the hemophilic cohort was 81.6 percent (111/136), including 74.6 percent (53/71) of HIV-positive and 89.2 percent (58/65) of HIV-negative hemophiliacs. It was not affected by age, type or severity of hemophilia, HIV status, CD4 number, or yearly blood product usage. Only 1 (0.7%) of the 136 samples was positive for B19 IgM and none was positive in polymerase chain reaction for B19 DNA. After adjusting for HIV status, there were no differences between B19- positive and B19-negative hemophiliacs in hematologic values, CD4 counts, or blood product use. CONCLUSION: Although B19 IgG seroprevalence in this hemophilic cohort is high and indicative of past B19 infection, there is no detectable B19 viral activity or any associated long-term clinical or hematologic sequelae.     

The effects of phosphodiesterase inhibition on cyclic GMP and cyclic AMP accumulation in the hippocampus of the rat

The effects of selective and non-selective 3',5'-cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase (PDE) inhibitors on cGMP and cAMP accumulation were studied in rat hippocampal slices incubated in vitro. The following PDE inhibitors were used: vinpocetine and calmidazolium (PDE1 selective), erythro-9-(2-hydroxy-3-nonyl)adenine (EHNA, PDE2 selective), SK&F 95654 (PDE3 selective), rolipram (PDE4 selective), SK&F 96231 (PDE5 selective), the mixed type inhibitors zaprinast and dipyridamole, and the non-selective inhibitors 3-isobutyl-1-metylxanthine (IBMX) and caffeine. cGMP levels were increased in the presence of different concentrations of IBMX, EHNA, dipyridamole, vinpocetine and rolipram. cGMP immunocytochemistry showed that incubation with different inhibitors in the presence and/or absence of sodium nitroprusside resulted in pronounced differences in the extent and regional localization of the cGMP response and indicate that PDE activity in the hippocampus is high and diverse in nature. The results suggest an interaction between cGMP and cAMP signalling pathways in astrocytes of the rat hippocampus.