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21.
Virginia L Willour Peter P Zandi Judith A Badner Jo Steele Kuangyi Miao Victor Lopez Dean F MacKinnon Francis M Mondimore Barbara Schweizer Melvin G McInnis Erin B Miller J Raymond Depaulo Elliot S Gershon Francis J McMahon James B Potash 《Neuropsychopharmacology》2007,61(5):725-727
BACKGROUND: We are interested in identifying susceptibility genes that predispose subjects to attempted suicide. METHODS: We conducted a secondary analysis of genome-wide linkage data from 162 bipolar pedigrees that incorporated attempted suicide as a clinical covariate. RESULTS: The strongest covariate-based linkage signal was seen on 2p12 at marker D2S1777. The logarithm of odds (LOD) score at marker D2S1777 rose from 1.56 to 3.82 after inclusion of the suicide covariate, resulting in significant chromosome-wide empirically derived p-values for the overall linkage finding (p = .01) and for the change in LOD score after the inclusion of the covariate (p = .02). CONCLUSIONS: The finding on chromosome 2 replicates results from two previous studies of attempted suicide in pedigrees with alcohol dependence and in pedigrees with recurrent early-onset depression. Combined, these three studies provide compelling evidence for a locus influencing attempted suicide on 2p12. 相似文献
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Marilyn Ross Kelly Brewer F Virginia Wright Anne Agur 《Pediatric physical therapy》2007,19(4):288-295
PURPOSE: The purpose of our study was to obtain a clear understanding of the various diagnoses within the closed neural tube defect (NTD) groups included in the large database of clients in our Spina Bifida Clinic and a clear picture of the outcomes for the various NTD groups. METHODS: One hundred and four clients with closed NTD were categorized using a classification system devised by Tortori-Donati et al. Various clinical markers were investigated, including ambulation and the need for orthoses and wheelchairs. RESULTS: Most clients are ambulatory, requiring an orthoses, but not a wheelchair, despite the high incidence of ankle/foot abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS: This classification system has enhanced our knowledge of this group of clients, provided a greater understanding of the varied outcomes of these children and clinical management required. 相似文献
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Virginia Fowkes H John Blossom Heather Karr Anderson Christian Sandrock 《Academic medicine》2007,82(8):781-787
In 2003 through 2005, the California Statewide Area Health Education Centers (AHEC) Program developed an educational delivery system, through partnerships with six AHECs and state organizations concerned with emergency preparedness, to train for public health emergency preparedness the health professionals who practice primarily in the state's medically underserved areas. Four educational modules--General Emergency Preparedness, Bioterrorism, Chemical and Radiologic Agents, and Emerging Infections--were developed and delivered by a trained, multidisciplinary, community-based faculty. The authors discuss the organization, partnerships, curriculum, faculty, characteristics of trainees, outcomes of the program, effects for AHECs, and the evaluation used to commit the organization and program process to the intended program objectives during the two-year period. Over 9,000 health professionals attended one or more of the 462 educational presentations. Approximately one third of attendees were physicians, and 82% of the learners were from sites that typically care for the underserved. Important to the success of the program (which still continues in a revised form) were the types of partnerships, an orientation of the curriculum to all-hazards disaster preparedness, the delivery of educational sessions at clinical sites, and the increased capacities of community AHECs to facilitate continuing professional education. The challenges were the diminished role of a key partner organization, uncertainties within the funding agency, and the widespread geographic area to address. 相似文献
27.
Lesley Barclay RN CM BA MEd Louise Everitt RN CM Post Grad Dip-Comm Health Frances Rogan RN CM B App S M Com Nurs Virginia Schmied RN CM BA MA Hons Aileen Wyllie RN CM BA MHPEd 《Journal of advanced nursing》1997,25(4):719-728
This paper presents the results of a qualitative study conducted by midwife researchers into women's experience of new motherhood. Data were collected using focus groups involving 55 first-time mothers and analysed using grounded theory method. The analysis produced six categories: 'realizing', 'unready', 'drained', 'aloneness', 'loss' and 'working it out'. The core category, 'becoming a mother', integrates all other categories and encapsulates the process of change experienced by women. Also explained are factors mediating the often distressing experience of becoming a mother. The analysis provides a conceptualization of early motherhood enabling the development of strategies for midwives, nurses and others helping women negotiate this challenge. 相似文献
28.
Helen Herrman Bruce Singh Hilary Schofield Robin Eastwood Philip Burgess Virginia Lewis Richard Scotton 《Australian and New Zealand journal of public health》1993,17(3):261-266
Abstract: Informal caregivers are the families and other unpaid caregivers in the home who support people of all ages with severe and chronic mental or physical disabilities. Home care of this sort has been increasing over the past 30 years because of the reduced number of beds in hospitals and nursing homes and increased outpatient and community care. Moreover, with an aging population and increasing rates of disability, the demand for family caregiving will continue to rise. This has important implications for the development of health, community service and social policy. At the same time, however, very little is known about the impact such changes are having on the caregivers of various ages and in various circumstances. The Victorian Health Promotion Foundation is funding a research and intervention program in Melbourne to promote wellbeing and prevent ill-health in caregivers. 相似文献
29.
Andrea N. Bell Robert A. Young Virginia G. Lockard Harihara M. Mehendale 《Archives of toxicology》1988,61(5):392-405
Chlordecone (CD) pretreatment is known to markedly potentiate CCl4 hepatotoxicity. Previous studies have shown that prior exposure to CD obtunds the increased hepatocellular regeneration and repair observed in non-treated rats challenged with a single, low dose of CCl4. These observations allowed us to hypothesize that suppression of hepatic regeneration and tissue repair by CD + CCl4 combination treatment might be involved in this interaction. To test this hypothesis, CCl4 hepatotoxicity was evaluated in actively regenerating livers using CD-treated (10 ppm in the diet for 15 days), surgically partially hepatectomized (PH) male Sprague-Dawley rats. Rats undergoing no surgical manipulation (CTRL) and sham operation (SH) were included as appropriate controls. Surgical manipulations were conducted on day 15 of the dietary protocol. Based on liver-to-body weight ratios (LW/BW), mitotic indices, hepatic cytochrome P-450 content, and hepatic glutathione (GSH and GSSG) levels, PH-induced hepatocellular regeneration was not affected by pretreatment with CD. Thus, the PH model was considered valid for assessing the effects of CD + CCl4 combination treatment. CCl4 (100 l/kg; i.p.) was administered 1, 2, 4 or 7 days after the surgical manipulations. Hepatotoxicity was assessed 24 h later by measuring LW/BW and serum enzymes (SGPT, SGOT and ICD) in all four groups. Hepatic histopathological, histomorphometric and lethal effects were assessed in animals receiving CCl4 1 or 7 days after the surgical manipulations. CCl4-induced increases in LW/BW were observed in CD + PH rats receiving CCl4 4 or 7 days post-PH, but not in the 1 or 2 day post-PH groups in which the hepatocellular regeneration was maximal. CCl4-induced serum enzyme elevations were significantly less in the CD + PH rats as compared to CD + SH. This decrease in the serum enzyme elevations was most prominent in the 1 day post-PH group, where the hepatocellular mitotic activity was most pronounced. CCl4 lethality, assessed in the 1 day post-surgical manipulation group, was also decreased in the CD + PH rats in comparison to CD + SH rats. Such a protection was not observed in rats receiving CCl4 7 days post-PH. These data are consistent with and are supportive of the hypothesis that a suppression of otherwise normally stimulated hepatocellular regeneration following low-dose CCl4 administration is involved in the marked amplification of CCl4 toxicity by CD.Abbreviations CD
chlordecone
- GSH
reduced glutathione
- GSSG
oxidized glutathione
- PH
partial hepatectomy
- SH
shamhepatectomy
- CTRL
control, not surgically manipulated
- N
normal diet
- LW/BW
liver weight-to-body weight ratio
- SGPT
serum glutamic; pyruvic transaminase
- SGOT
serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase
- ICD
isocitrate dehydrogenase
These studies were made possible by a grant from the US Environmental Protection Agency R-811072A preliminary report of these findings was presented at the 70th Annual Meetings of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology at St. Louis, MO (Fed Proc 45: 1051, 1986)A. N. Bell is a Predoctoral Toxicology Trainee and Robert A. Young is a Postdoctoral Trainee supported by Toxicology Training grant from National Institute of Environmental Health Science ES-07045 相似文献
30.
Lyall A. J. Higginson Edward M. Farrell Virginia M. Walley Rodrick S. Taylor Wilbert J. Keon 《Lasers in medical science》1989,4(2):85-92
Injury associated with laser-induced tissue ablation may be reduced by using pulsed energy delivery at low repetition rates, as opposed to using continuous wave energy delivery. This study was designed to examine the similarities and differences between these two systems as regards the healing process, and to examine whether one is superior to the other. In order to test this postulate, the healing response of normal and atherosclerotic aorta were examined after exposure in vivo to argon and excimer (XeCl 308 nm) laser radiation in hypercholesterolemic swine. Swine were fed hyperlipidemic diets for eight months following balloon denudation of the descending aorta. Following general anaesthetic, the descending aorta was isolated and laser burns were made on both normal and atherosclerotic intima using a continuous wave argon laser delivered through a 50 diameter quartz fibre, and a XeCl excimer laser carried through a 1 mm diameter fibre. Energy levels of 3 to 5 J were applied with the argon laser. The pulse duration for the excimer laser was 30 ns and craters were produced using 10 to 60 pulses at a repetition rate of 20 Hz and an energy density of 2 J cm–2.Forty-eight hours after laser application, craters created by both lasers were filled with thrombus material. Argon burns were surrounded by thermal and acoustic injury which was not seen with excimer burns. Three weeks after laser application all crater surfaces were reconstituted. Unlike the excimer burns, argon craters demonstrated necrosis well beyond the crater margins and were characterized by multinucleate giant-cell reaction surrounding char debris. By nine weeks both excimer and argon laser burns were covered by fibrous tissue but could be distinguished by the fact that char debris and subjacent tissue injury arose with the argon burns.The results suggest that both lasers can be used to remove focal atherosclerotic plaque from arteries without inducing excessive thrombogenicity. Rapid healing is observed with both; however, damage to surrounding tissue is significantly greater with a continuous energy delivery laser as opposed to pulsed energy delivery.Work supported in part by: Heart and Stroke Foundation of Ontario, Grant-in-Aid No. 5-17 相似文献