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41.
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The authors report a case of hormonally silent duodenal somatostatinoma. The main clinical features, the natural history and the currently available therapies of these rare neoplasms are described on the basis of this case and of the scientific literature. Although the antiblastic therapies are still debated, the patient showed a surprising outcome following chemotherapy. 相似文献
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Objective: To identify factors that influence a woman's decision to breast-feed.
Methodology: Five hundred and fifty-six women were recruited from the maternity wards of two Perth hospitals. Data were collected from a self-administered questionnaire completed by participants prior to discharge. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors influencing the initiation of breast-feeding.
Results: At discharge from hospital 83.8% of women were breast-feeding, including 6% who were giving complementary formula feeds. After controlling for potentially confounding demographic and biomedical factors, the father's reported preference for breast-feeding was found to be the most important factor influencing a woman's decision to breast-feed (OR 10.18).
Conclusion: Fathers participate in and influence the choice of infant feeding method and should be included in breast-feeding discussions. 相似文献
Methodology: Five hundred and fifty-six women were recruited from the maternity wards of two Perth hospitals. Data were collected from a self-administered questionnaire completed by participants prior to discharge. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine factors influencing the initiation of breast-feeding.
Results: At discharge from hospital 83.8% of women were breast-feeding, including 6% who were giving complementary formula feeds. After controlling for potentially confounding demographic and biomedical factors, the father's reported preference for breast-feeding was found to be the most important factor influencing a woman's decision to breast-feed (OR 10.18).
Conclusion: Fathers participate in and influence the choice of infant feeding method and should be included in breast-feeding discussions. 相似文献
45.
OBJECTIVE: Most neonatologists include an apnea-free period in the criteria for the discharge of preterm infants. However, the length of time one should wait after the cessation of apnea before sending an infant home without a monitor is debated. We undertook this study in an attempt to define a minimal and safe observation period between the time of the last apnea episode and discharge. METHODS: We reasoned that in infants with idiopathic apnea of prematurity, the intervals between days on which apnea occurs gradually increase until some point at which clinically significant apnea ceases. Therefore, knowledge about the intervals between days on which apnea occurred just before the last apnea would provide a reasonable estimate of the minimal safe observation interval between the last apnea and discharge. We reviewed the charts of 266 infants born in 1993 and 1994 at =32 weeks' gestational age or weighing =1500 g at birth from two institutions to determine the intervals between the day on which the last apnea occurred and the previous two days on which apnea occurred. One hundred seventy-five infants were excluded because they never experienced apnea, or data about the last apnea was missing, or they were on xanthines during the period encompassing the last 3 apnea days, or they weighed <1500 g or were <34 weeks' postmenstrual age at the time of the last apnea. Of the 91 remaining infants, gestational age at birth, birth weight, 1- and 5-minute Apgar scores, and discharge weight were not different between the two institutions. For each infant we determined the longest of the intervals between the 2 days on which apnea occurred previous to the day of the last apnea (MAXINT for maximum interval). The infants were then ordered by MAXINT and, starting at the longest MAXINT, the medical records of each infant were carefully examined for other conditions known to be associated with apnea (eg, recovering from anesthesia, sepsis, chronic lung disease, and so forth). The minimal safe observation period was then defined as the longest MAXINT in which there was at least 1 infant with no other explanation for the apnea other than prematurity. RESULTS: The median duration of the intervals between the 2 days on which apnea occurred previous to the day on which the last apnea occurred were 3. 0 and 2.0 days and the median duration of the MAXINT was 4.0 days. On careful examination of the charts, it was determined that each of 13 infants with a MAXINT preceding the day on which the last apnea occurred of greater than 8 days had some other condition that might result in apnea, including residual lung disease, sepsis, surgery, and so forth. In contrast, among the group of infants with a MAXINT of =8 days, at least 1 infant at each MAXINT (eg, 1 to 8) had significant apnea with no other explanation other than prematurity. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that otherwise healthy preterm infants continue to have apneas separated by as many as 8 days before the last apnea before discharge. Conversely, infants with longer apnea intervals often have identifiable risk factors other than apnea of prematurity. 相似文献
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Arif JM; Gairola CG; Glauert HP; Kelloff GJ; Lubet RA; Gupta RC 《Carcinogenesis》1998,19(8):1515-1517
The present study investigated the effects of dietary oltipraz on cigarette
smoke-related lipophilic DNA adduct formation. Female Sprague- Dawley rats
were exposed daily to sidestream cigarette smoke in a whole- body exposure
chamber 6 h/day for 4 consecutive weeks. One group of rats was maintained
on control diet while another group received the same diet supplemented
with either a low (167 p.p.m.) or high (500 p.p.m.) dose of oltipraz,
starting 1 week prior to initiation of smoke exposure until the end of the
experiment. Analysis of lipophilic DNA adducts by the nuclease P1-mediated
32P-post-labeling showed up to five smoke-related adducts. Adduct no. 5
predominated in both the lung and the heart while adduct nos 3 and 2
predominated in the trachea and bladder, respectively. Quantitative
analysis revealed that the total adduct level was the highest in lungs
(270+/-68 adducts/10(10) nucleotides), followed by trachea (196+/-48
adducts/10(10) nucleotides), heart (141+/-22 adducts/10(10) nucleotides)
and bladder (85+/-16 adducts/10(10) nucleotides). High dose oltipraz
treatment reduced the adduct levels in lungs and bladder by >60%, while
the reduction in lungs in the low-dose group was approximately 35%. In
trachea, the effect of low and high dietary oltipraz on smoke DNA adduction
was equivocal, while smoke-related DNA adducts in the heart were minimally
inhibited by high-dose oltipraz. In a repeat experiment that employed a
3-fold lower dose of cigarette smoke, oltipraz (500 p.p.m.) was found to
inhibit the formation of DNA adducts in rat lungs and trachea by 80 and
65%, respectively. These data clearly demonstrate a high efficacy of
oltipraz in inhibiting the formation of cigarette smoke-induced DNA adducts
in the target tissues.
相似文献
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RA D. Wüstenberg 《Der Gyn?kologe》2006,39(10):824-828
Some of the girls who live in Germany and have Muslim parents are threatened by female genital mutilation. This report describes the kinds and medical consequences of female genital mutilation as well as the criminal judgement. Female genital mutilation is considered as dangerous bodily harm, not as grievous bodily harm. Consent does not justify the infringement of rights. The argument that Islam justifies the infringement of rights is irrelevant by law. The human right of bodily intactness has priority over the right of religious freedom. Finally the legal regulations about dealing with personal data are presented. A legal compulsory registration still does not exist. 相似文献
50.
Sándor Drabant Katalin Balogh Nemes Viola Horváth Antal Tolokán Gyula Grézal Markku Anttila Béla Gachályi Harri Kanerva Samar Al-Behaisi George Horvai Imre Klebovich 《European journal of pharmaceutics and biopharmaceutics》2004,58(3):689-695
The effect of a high-fat meal on the oral bioavailability of deramciclane 30 mg tablet was evaluated in 18 healthy male volunteers in a randomised, single dose, two-way crossover study. The drug was administered following an overnight fast or a standardised high-fat breakfast. The plasma concentrations of deramciclane and N-desmethylderamciclane were determined by using a validated HPLC-MS -MS/MS method. An effect of food on the bioavailability was indicated if the 90% confidence interval (CI) for the ratio of geometric means of fed and fasted treatments was not contained in the equivalence limit of 0.8-1.25 for AUC and C(max). The ratios of the mean C(max) and AUC(0-infinity) values of deramciclane were 1.24 (90% CI 1.12-1.38) and 1.31 (90% CI 1.21-1.41) in fed versus fasted subjects, which overlapped but exceeded the equivalence limit. In contrast to the parent compound, the 90% CI of the mean ratios for AUC(0-infinity) and C(max) of N-desmethylderamciclane were within the predefined range. The 24 and 31% increase in C(max) and AUC(0-infinity) of deramciclane, respectively, under fed condition is modest and probably has no clinical significance since it is relatively small compared to the inter-individual variability of these parameters. 相似文献