The late results after axillo-femoral bypass grafts in patients with leg ischaemia

The late results--up to six years--after axillo-femoral bypass reconstruction are reported for 85 patients with leg ischaemia who were regarded as poor-risk patients for aortic bypass surgery, or who had aortic graft infection. Velour-Dacron grafts and expanded polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE, Gore-Tex)--grafts have been used. The cumulative patency rate (life table) six years after graft implantation was 64% (PTFE-grafts) and 58% (Velour-Dacron grafts). The corresponding cumulative limb salvage rate six years after graft implantation was 88% when PTFE grafts were used and 77% when Velour-Dacron grafts were used. Our results demonstrate that axillo-femoral reconstruction is a useful procedure with a good patency rate 6 years after implantation. This procedure should be considered when dealing with poor risk patients with severe leg ischaemia.     

Synovectomy of the knee in hemophilia

Synovectomy of the knee in patients with hemophilia presenting in countries with demographic characteristics that make central referral difficult is the subject of this article. Ten patients, six surgeons, and two countries contributed to this study, which demonstrated that approximately 40% of these patients had no further hemarthroses into the affected joint and the remainder had reduced frequency and severity of bleeding. Continuous passive motion has an important place in postoperative management, and manipulation with the patient under anesthesia is of doubtful value. The possible relationship between diminished range of movement and a successful outcome in terms of abolition of hemorrhage is explored. One patient underwent synovectomy of the knee without complication; the other nine suffered significant complications.     

Unlike hypoxia, hypoglycemia does not preferentially destroy GABAergic neurons in developing rat neocortex explants in culture

We tested whether hypoglycemia, like hypoxia, would preferentially destroy GABAergic nerve cells in the neocortex. To this end, rat neocortex explants dissected from 6-day-old rat pups and cultured up to a developmental stage approximately comparable to that of the newborn human neocortex, were exposed to hypoglycemia for different periods. Quantitative light microscopic and immunocytochemical evaluation of the cultures demonstrated that hypoglycemia does not preferentially destroy GABAergic but rather non-GABAergic neurons, a finding quite opposite to what was found after hypoxia. Recent biochemical data from other laboratories which seem to support this difference in neuronal vulnerability are discussed. It is concluded that perinatal hypoglycemia may not form such a serious threat with respect to the genesis of epilepsy as does hypoxia.     

Are ADDH and ADHD the same or different?

To assess the relationship between the DSM-III criteria for attention deficit disorder with hyperactivity (ADDH) and the DSM-III-R criteria for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), children from an inner city parochial school were evaluated using a 30-item teacher questionnaire consisting of the DMS-III and DSM-III-R criteria for these disorders, the revised Conners Parent and Teacher Questionnaires, and a continuous performance test. Diagnostic groups were established based on teacher ratings of the DSM items and evaluated in relation to the rating scale data and continuous performance test. While children who were identified by teachers as having ADDH almost always satisfied the criteria for ADHD, a new group of children who were hyperactive and impulsive but less clearly inattentive also met the criteria for ADHD. Implications of the change in diagnostic criteria are discussed.     

Results of long-term leukocyte interferon (alpha IFN) therapy using an individually determined dose schedule in recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis

Out of 24 patients with laryngeal papillomatosis 6 (5 female, 1 male) suffered from repeated relapses and underwent long-term treatment with alpha-IFN-therapy. Age at onset of the disease: 1 5/12-16 2/12 years. Duration of illness: 1-7 years, with several relapses were treated surgically and with laser-coagulation. Three out of 6 patients had a tracheal cannula and were cauterized by podophylline at 2-4 week intervals. IFN was given in dosages of 5-20 X 10(4) U/kg 2 or 3 times a week. IFN-dosage for each patient was determined using the induction kinetics of (2'-5')-oligo(A)synthetase (OAS) in the mononuclear cells of the circulating blood of patients with laryngeal papillomatosis. A continuous effect could be achieved by the dose of IFN determined in the described way always before OAS activity decreased to its initial level. All 6 patients responded favorably to the alpha-IFN-therapy. Two patients treated only with IFN showed remission without relapses. In 2 cases IFN was successfully used to prevent relapses after surgical treatment and laser-coagulation. In 2 patients with papillomatosis extending into the main bronchi the disease could only be brought to a standstill, i.e. it was not necessary to remove the papillomas. Two out of 3 patients with laryngeal papillomatosis could be decannulated. Long-term therapy following the above described principles is efficient and without significant side-effects. Three patients are in treatment for more than 3 10/12 years.