前循环缺血性卒中老年患者颈动脉斑块及其稳定性与血流壁切应力的关系

目的通过探讨前循环缺血性卒中老年患者颈总动脉分叉处血流壁切应力的水平分析其在颈动脉斑块形成过程中的影响。方法本研究选择前循环缺血性卒中老年患者,应用经皮血管彩超测量颈动脉斑块及其稳定性以及对研究对象测量患侧颈动脉血流速度、血管内径和血液粘滞度,通过公式计算血流壁切应力。结果无斑块组和有斑块组之间、高回声和低回声斑块组之间血流壁切应力均有显著性差异(P<0．01)。结论血流壁低切应力促进颈动脉斑块、尤其是不稳定斑块的形成。     

肾上腺素脑室冲洗对自发性脑室出血的治疗效果

目的运用。肾上腺素进行脑室冲洗,探讨其对自发性脑室出血的治疗效果。方法测定74例脑室出血患者运用保守、侧脑室引流、肾上腺素脑室冲洗方法后的引流脑脊液量和颅内压。结果肾上腺素脑室冲洗后出现脑脊液引流量下降,颅内压无明显变化。结论肾上腺盐水脑室冲洗不影响颅内压,并通过减少再出血和脑脊液的分泌达到治疗效果。     

应用OPA-K直丝弓矫治器双颌减数治疗安氏Ⅱ1类错(牙合)的临床研究

目的:评价0PA-K直丝弓矫治器双颌减数治疗安氏Ⅱ1类错(牙合)的临床疗效,并探讨其机制和使用方法.方法:临床选择1 5～23岁安氏Ⅱ1类错(牙合)患者22例,应用0PA-K直丝弓矫治器进行双颌减数治疗,并对治疗前后X线头影测量值的变化进行分析.结果:矢状方向上,U1-NA和U1-SN分别减小14.26°和10.32°,U1-NA(mm)减小4.1 6mm,U1-L1增加17.06°,以上差异均具有统计学意义(P＜0.05),而SNA、SNB、ANB、L1-NB、L1-MP的变化均无显著性(P＞0.05).垂直方向上,SN-MP和Y轴的变化均无显著性(P＞0.05).结论:应用0PA-K直丝弓矫治器治疗安氏Ⅱ1类错(牙合)可取得令人满意的临床效果.     

人生长激素在多囊卵巢综合征患者的体外受精超排卵中的应用价值

目的探讨人生长激素（GH）在多囊卵巢综合征（PCOS）患者实施体外受精（IVF）超排卵中的作用。方法2008年12月至2010年11月因PCOS排卵障碍而行体外受精-胚胎移植（IVF—ET）的患者121例,以是否使用GH分为两组：GH组48例,对照组73例。比较两组的促性腺激素（Gn）用量、获卵数、优胚率、种植率、冻胚率、妊娠率。结果GH组和对照组的结果分别如下：Gn用量：（29．18±8．33）和（23．43±8．68）支;获卵数：（10．73±6．0）和（14．0±8．57）枚;优胚率：59．1％和33．33％;种植率：35．30％（36／102）和20．39％（31／152）,冻胚率：87．5％（42／48）和58．9％（43／73）;妊娠率：56．5％（26／46）和35．3%（24／68）。Gn用量GH组略高于对照组,获卵数GH组略低于对照组。其余各项GH组均明显高于对照组,有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论PCOS患者在超排卵早期应用GH可明显提高优胚率、种植率、冻胚率和妊娠率。值得进一步研究及应用。     

经椎间孔入路与经后方入路椎间融合术治疗退变性腰椎失稳症的疗效比较

目的回顾性研究经后方入路椎体间融合术（posterior lumbar interbody fusion,PLIF）和切除上、下关节突的经椎间孔入路椎体间融合术（transforaminal lumbar interbody fusion,TLIF）治疗腰椎失稳症的疗效及并发症情况。方法采用PLIF和TLIF治疗2004年1月至2008年1月本院收治的退变性腰椎失稳症患者78例,其中PLIF31例,TLIF47例。比较两组手术时间、术中出血量、平均卧床时间、Nakai评分优良率、融合时间（按Suk标准）及术后并发症发生率。对两组术前及末次随访时的椎间隙高度及椎间孔高度进行对比研究。结果 78例患者均获随访,随访时间1.5～4.5年,平均3.5年。所有患者均获椎间骨性融合。对两组卧床时间、Nakai评分优良率、融合时间、同时间点椎间隙高度和椎间孔高度进行比较,差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;而在手术时间、出血量以及术后并发症发生率方面,两组之间的差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。两组末次随访时的椎间隙高度和椎间孔高度均较术前有明显改善（P〈0.05）。结论 TLIF和PLIF治疗退变性腰椎失稳症效果良好;与PLIF相比,TLIF操作简单,出血量小,并发症少。     

应用OPA-K直丝弓矫治器双颌减数治疗安氏Ⅱ~1类错的临床研究

目的：评价OPA-K直丝弓矫治器双颌减数治疗安氏Ⅱ1类错的临床疗效,并探讨其机制和使用方法。方法：临床选择15～23岁安氏Ⅱ1类错患者22例,应用OPA-K直丝弓矫治器进行双颌减数治疗,并对治疗前后X线头影测量值的变化进行分析。结果：矢状方向上,U1-NA和U1-SN分别减小14.26°和10.32°,U1-NA（mm）减小4.16mm,U1-L1增加17.06°,以上差异均具有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,而SNA、SNB、ANB、L1-NB、L1-MP的变化均无显著性（P〉0.05）。垂直方向上,SN-MP和Y轴的变化均无显著性（P〉0.05）。结论：应用OPA-K直丝弓矫治器治疗安氏Ⅱ1类错可取得令人满意的临床效果。     

干细胞与骨质疏松症研究进展

干细胞是一类具有自我复制能力的多潜能细胞,在一定条件下可分化成多种功能细胞或组织器官,并且不表达组织相容性复合体(MHC),无免疫排斥反应,对许多疾病的治疗具有重要意义。本文对干细胞在骨质疏松症方面的基础研究进行综述,并对干细胞应用于重度骨质疏松症治疗提供理论依据。     

脊髓GABAA受体在异丙酚对内脏痛大鼠镇痛效应中的作用

目的 评价脊髓γ-氨基丁酸A(GABAA)受体在异丙酚对内脏痛大鼠镇痛效应中的作用.方法成年健康雌性SD大鼠,体重190～240 g,进行鞘内置管,并于直肠粘膜下注射10%福尔马林100 μl.取鞘内置管成功的大鼠32只,采用随机数字表法,将其随机分为4组(n=8):二甲基亚砜组(D组)、异丙酚组(P组)、荷包牡丹碱组(B组)和荷包牡丹碱+异丙酚组(BP组).D组、P组和B组分别鞘内注射二甲基亚砜5 μl、异丙酚10 μg、荷包牡丹碱2 μg;BP组先鞘内注射荷包牡丹碱2 μg,10min后鞘内注射异丙酚10 μg.注射福尔马林2 h时,取脊髓L5～S1节段,采用免疫组化法测定FOS蛋白表达水平.结果 与D组和B组比较,P组脊髓FOS蛋白表达下调(P＜0.05);D组和B组脊髓FOS蛋白表达差异无统计学意义(P＞0.05);与P组比较,BP组脊髓FOS蛋白表达上调(P＜0.05).结论 异丙酚可通过脊髓GABAA受体介导,对内脏痛大鼠产生镇痛效应.

Abstract：

Objective To evaluate the role of spinal cord CABAA receptors in the analgesic effect of propofol on visceral pain in rats. Methods Adult female SD rats, weighing 190-240 g, were used in this study.The animals were anesthetized with intraperitoneal ketamine 50-100 mg/kg. Intrathecal (IT) catheters were placed at L5-6 interspace according to the technique described by Storkson et al. Thirty-two animals in which IT catheters were successfully placed were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 8 each) : dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) group (group D), propofol group (group P), bicuculline group (group B) and bicuculline + propofol group (group B +P). Visceral pain was induced by injecting 10% formalin 100 μl underneath the mucous membrane of rectum.Groups D, P and B received IT DMSO 5 μl, propofol 10 μg and bicuculline 2 μg respectively. Group BP received IT bicuculline 2 μg and then IT propofol 10 μg 10 min later. The L5-S1 segment of the spinal cord was removed 2 h after formalin injection to determine FOS protein expression by hnmuno-histochemistry. Results Compared with groups D and B, FOS protein expression was significantly down-regulated in group P ( P ＜ 0.05 ) . There was no significant difference in FOS protein expression between groups D and B ( P ＞ 0.05) . FOS protein expression was significantly up-regulated in group BP compared with group P ( P ＜ 0.05) . Conclusion Propofol has analgesic effect on visceral pain in rats through spinal cord GABAA receptor action.     

经胸微创非体外循环下封堵室间隔缺损:多中心经验和近中期随访结果

目的 总结多中心应用食管超声引导、经胸微创小切口、非体外循环(CPB)下封堵室间隔缺损(VSD)的临床经验和近、中期随访结果.方法 432例病儿,男235例,女197例;年龄3个月～15岁,平均(3.2±1.9)岁;体重4.0～26.0 kg,平均(13.3±5.6)kg.膜周部VSD 351例,嵴上或嵴内型VSD 57例,肌部VSD 24例(17例多发VSD).VSD直径3～12 mm,平均(5.3±1.6)mm.膜周部VSD,经剑突下或胸骨下端3～4 cm小切口进胸;嵴内或嵴上VSD,经胸骨左缘第3肋间2～3 cm小横切口进胸.暴露右心室表面,在食管超声引导和实时监测下,穿刺右心室游离壁,导引钢丝经右心室腔穿过VSD到达左心室腔,沿导引钢丝导入输送鞘管建立轨道.通过输送鞘管直接将封堵器安放在VSD部位.经食管超声多切面反复评估封堵器的位置和与周边组织的关系,若无异常情况即可释放封堵器.结果 432例中417例封堵成功(96.5%),15例(3.5%)术中改为常规CPB手术.封堵成功者中,选用对称伞238例(57.1%),偏心伞179例(42.9%).13例(3.1%)发生新的微量至轻度三尖瓣反流,11例(2.6%)术后发生不完全右束支传导阻滞,3例(0.7%)术后发生一过性完全性房室传导阻滞.术后383例(91.8%)病儿在2 h内拔除气管插管,3～5天出院.术后416例(96.2%,416/432例)随访12～38个月,平均(19.3±11.6)个月,无近、中期死亡.1例术后6个月发生完全性房室传导阻滞.其余无明显异常.结论 应用食管超声引导、经胸微创非CPB下封堵VSD技术,是一种相对简单有效的治疗方法,近、中期临床结果满意,但远期结果需要进一步观察.

Abstract：

Objective Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) guided, minimally invasive perventricular device occlusion of ventricular septal defects ( VSDs) without cardiopulmonary bypass ( CPB) has been applied in multiple centers. We reported experiences and the mid-term results. Methods Four hundred and thirty-two cases from 4 cardiac centers were involved in the study. There were 235 males and 197 females, aged from 3 months to 15 years, with a body weight varying from 4.0 to 26.0 kg. Three hundred and fifty-one patients had perimembranous VSDs, 57 had intracristal or supracristal VSDs and 24 had muscular VSDs (17 had multiple muscular VSDs). The diameter of the VSD ranged from 3 to 12 (5.3 ±1.6 ) mm.For those with perimembranous or muscular VSDs, a 3 to 5 cm inferior sternotomy was made, but for those with intracristal or supracristal VSDs, a 2 to 3 cm incision was made parastemally through the left third intercostal space. Being monitored and guided with TEE, the device was deployed to occlude the VSD through the puncture at the free wall of the right ventricle. TEE was used for assessing the residual shunting, the left and right ventricular outlet tracts, valvular function and for detecting any arrhythmia, The devices would be released if the heart rhythm was normal, as well as the residual shunting and valvular regurgilalion were not detected. Results The procedure was completed successfully in 417 cases(96.5% ) and converted to traditional surgical closure with CPB in the other 15 cases(3.5% ). Concentric devices were used in 238 cases(57.1% )and eccentric devices were used in 179 patients(42.9% ). Successful procedures finished in less than 90 minutes, and the deployment and evaluation of the devices were completed in 5 to 60 (18. 2 ± 8.6) minutes. No residual shunt and detectable aortic or tricuspid insufficiency and arrhythmia was observed. Patients were extubated within 2 hours and discharged 3 to 5 days after the operation. During fellow-up period from 3 months to 2 years, no clinically significant complications occurred. Conclusion The minimally invasive device closure of VSD under TEE guidance without CPB is proved to be a simple, safe and effective treatment for a considerable number of children with VSD. Its use in the clinical practice should be encouraged.     

分子标记物预测直肠癌新辅助放化疗效果初步评价

目的：寻找预测直肠癌新辅助治疗效果的分子标志物。方法：对26例行新辅助治疗的进展期中低位直肠癌的治疗前活检标本的K-ras基因进行测序,同时通过免疫组织化学方法对分子标志物增殖细胞核抗体（Ki-67）、核转录因子（NF-KB）、细胞周期蛋白依赖性激酶1（CDK1）进行检测。对手术标本行病理分析和肿瘤消退分级评估。结果：本组病例新辅助治疗后获得病理完全缓解（pCR）的患者7例（26．9％）均为K-ras基因野生型,治疗后降期患者17例（65．4％）。K-ras基因是否突变同新辅助放化疗（CRT）能否达到pCR密切相关（P=0．048）。K-ras基因野生型患者的降期率和肿瘤消退率均为77．8％（14／18）,同突变型的降期率和肿瘤消退率比较P=0．063。结论：中低位直肠癌患者新辅助治疗前K-ras基因野生型可能预示着较好的新辅助治疗效果。