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691.
End-stage renal disease (ESRD) is simultaneously associated with immune activation, marked by systemic inflammation, and immune deficiency. Systemic inflammation contributes to atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, cachexia, and anemia, whereas immune deficiency leads to impaired response to vaccination, and increased incidence and severity of microbial infections. ESRD-associated inflammation and immune deficiency are associated with the following: (a) general expansion of monocytes and elevations of their basal integrin, Toll-like receptor (TLR)-2, TLR-4 expression, cytokine production, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and reduced phagocytic capacity, (b) depletion and impaired inhibitory activity of regulatory T cells, (c) spontaneous activation, degranulation, increased basal ROS production, decreased phagocytic capacity, and increased apoptosis of the circulating polymorphonuclear leukocytes, (d) upregulation of ROS production machinery and chemokine expression in the cellular constituents of various tissues, highlighting participation of nonimmune cells in the prevailing inflammatory state, (e) depletion of the antigen-presenting dendritic cells, (f) reduced CD4/CD8 T cell ratio and depletion of na?ve and central memory T cells, (g) diffuse B cell lymphopenia leading to impaired humoral immunity, and (h) increased proinflammatory activity of low-density lipoprotein and reduced anti-inflammatory capacity of high-density lipoprotein. Thus, ESRD-associated inflammation is due to activation of innate immune system, orchestrated by monocytes, macrophages, granulocytes, and cellular constituents of other organs/tissues. This is coupled with immune deficiency that is caused by depletion of dendritic cells, na?ve and central memory T cells and B cells, and impaired phagocytic function of polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes. 相似文献
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Yvonne Nong MS Jessica Maloh ND Nicole Natarelli BA Hemali B. Gunt PhD Esther Tristani PhD Raja K. Sivamani MD MS AP 《Journal of Cosmetic Dermatology》2023,22(8):2166-2173
Background
Beeswax is a naturally occurring product secreted from worker bees that has varied uses in modern day. In skincare, its function ranges from its role as an occlusive, helping to create a semi-occlusive skin barrier that minimizes transepidermal water loss; as a humectant, locking in hydration; and an emollient to soften and soothe the skin. As a natural substance, its use has been shown to help alleviate symptoms associated with common cutaneous conditions like dermatitis, psoriasis, and overgrowth of normal skin flora.Aims
In this narrative review, we aim to describe current uses of beeswax in skincare that has been published in the literature.Materials and methods
A review of beeswax related publications was performed by searching the PubMed database studies.Results
A total of five clinical studies were included with three studies on animals and two studies in humans.Discussion
Several studies show the benefits of topical beeswax in supporting the skin barrier.Conclusion
Beeswax can be a low-cost, natural ingredient for use in products. Further studies with topical beeswax are warranted. 相似文献694.
Yildiz Potter Ilkay Yeritsyan Diana Mahar Sarah Wu Jim Nazarian Ara Vaziri Aidin Vaziri Ashkan 《Journal of digital imaging》2023,36(3):869-878
Journal of Digital Imaging - The purpose of this study was to pair computed tomography (CT) imaging and machine learning for automated bone tumor segmentation and classification to aid clinicians... 相似文献