肺泡膜弥散和肺毛细血管血量特征在不同级别慢性阻塞性肺病患者的表现

目的:了解不同级别慢性阻塞性肺病患者肺泡毛细血管膜弥散量和肺泡毛细血管血量的特点。方法:收集2006-07/2007-03就诊于四川大学华西医院呼吸科的慢性阻塞性肺病患者154例,依据慢性阻塞性肺病方案分级,0级64例,Ⅰ级38例,Ⅱ级26例,Ⅲ和Ⅳ级共26例。行肺通气功能、肺容量、一氧化碳弥散量、肺泡毛细血管膜弥散量和肺泡毛细血管血量测定。结果:154例患者均进入结果分析。①0级与I级慢性阻塞性肺病患者,无论一氧化碳弥散量、肺泡毛细血管膜弥散量和肺泡毛细血管血量都正常。随着慢性阻塞性肺病程度加重,一氧化碳弥散量、肺泡毛细血管膜弥散量和肺泡毛细血管血量均有不同程度降低。Ⅱ级慢性阻塞性肺病时一氧化碳弥散量和肺泡毛细血管膜弥散量下降明显,肺泡毛细血管血量改变不明显。其中肺泡毛细血管膜弥散量出现异常明显早于一氧化碳弥散量和肺泡毛细血管血量,而且较严重。Ⅲ和Ⅳ级慢性阻塞性肺病的肺泡毛细血管血量下降明显。②一氧化碳弥散量、肺泡毛细血管膜弥散量和肺泡毛细血管血量与慢性阻塞性肺病级别、残气量/肺总量成负相关,与第1秒用力呼气容积/用力肺活量和第1秒用力呼气容积占预计值百分比成正相关,而且,肺泡毛细血管膜弥散量与各指标的相关性最好。结论:随着慢性阻塞性肺病程度的加重,一氧化碳弥散量、肺泡毛细血管膜弥散量和肺泡毛细血管血量均有下降。肺泡毛细血管膜弥散量的异常比一氧化碳弥散量和肺泡毛细血管血量较早出现而且较严重。肺泡毛细血管膜弥散量的测定可以监测疾病发展并早期发现慢性阻塞性肺病气体交换的异常。     

Can we predict hypertension among preterm children?

Prematurity and low birth weight (LBW) cause hypertension (HTN), ischemic heart disease, and obesity in young adults. The objective of the study was to identify risk factors for the development of HTN in children born preterm or at a LBW and to assess pediatricians' awareness of the problem. A retrospective review of 160 cases was conducted. In total, 22% of babies born preterm/LBW developed HTN by age 15 years. The odds of developing HTN were 1.6 times greater for every one standard deviation increase in body mass index. Higher risk posses for those born small for gestational age and under 1000 g. Of the 35 cases of HTN identified, only 31% were recognized as abnormal by the primary care providers. The development of obesity and HTN appear related in preterm/LBW children. Awareness of prematurity or LBW as a risk factor for HTN should be raised among pediatric primary care providers.     

Treatment of children with neurogenic bladder dysfunctions using dynamic nero-electrostimulation(DENS) and M-Cholinolytic therapy

【Objective】 To investigate effects of combined usage of dynamic neuro-electric stimulation(DNES) and M-cholynolytic therapy(oxybutynin) upon manifestations of neurogenic bladder dysfunctions(NBD) in children.【Method】 Urodynamics examination included registration of extemporaneous urinary excretion,urofluometry,and retrograde cytometry in horizontal and vertical position by example of urodynamic system(UDS) ACS 180 Plus(MENFIS BioMed.,USA).In accordance to severity of clinician manifestations,three groups of patients have been defined(27-highest one,49-middle and 51 low levels).Dynamic neuro-electrostimulation(DNES) procedures were conducted using the"DiaDNES-PKM"device(Russian Federation).The children were exposed to juxtaspinal stimulation on S1-S3 level-altogether 10 sessions have been performed.Oxybutynin(driptan) was used in dosage of 2.5 mg per diem.【Result】It was established that combined usage of DNES and oxybutynin in the group with highest severity caused the reduction of manifestations by 3.1 times while separately given DNES and basic therapy were followed by 34.1% and 28.0% reduction correspondently.Meanwhile,DNES and oxybutynin reduced severity in patients with pronounced disturbances by 7.5 times.Combined usage of oxybutynin and DNES in severely manifested NBD increased the effective volume of bladder by 2.3 times.Also significant reduction of both intrabladder pressure(by 48.0%) and compliance of the bladder(by 4.8 times) were detected under condition of combined usage of DNES and oxybutynin.All mentioned indices were modified to less extent in case of separate usage of DNES or oxybutynin when compared with the one registered after the combined their usage(P <0.05).【Conclusion】Combined usage of DENS and oxybutinin(driptan) is effective in most severe cases in children suffered from neurogenic overactive bladder.