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101.
LN Barlow-Mosha DS Bagenda PK Mudiope MC Mubiru LM Butler MG Fowler PM Musoke 《African health sciences》2012,12(3):249-258
Background
Access to pediatric antiretroviral formulations is increasing in resource-limited countries, however adult FDCs are still commonly used by antiretroviral therapy (ART) programs.Objective
To describe long-term effectiveness of using adult FDC of d4T+3TC+NVP (Triomune) in children for HIV treatment.Methods
Clinical, immunologic, and virologic outcomes of HIV-infected ART-naïve children aged six months to 12 years, were evaluated up to 96 weeks post-ART initiation.Results
From March 2004 to June 2006, 104 children were followed with a median age of 5.4 years, median CD4 cell percent and HIV-1 RNA were 11.0% (IQR 6.7–13.9) and 348,846copies/mL (IQR 160,941–681,313) respectively at baseline. Using Kaplan-Meir estimates, 75% of children had undetectable viral loads (<400copies/mL) at 96weeks of ART. Children with a baseline CD4 cell percent >15% were 3 times more likely to achieve viral load <400copies/mL than those with baseline CD4 cell percent <5% after adjusting for baseline age {aHR = 3.03 (1.10–8.32), p=0.03}; no difference was found among those with CD4 cell percent >5–14.9% and <5%.Conclusion
Treatment with generic adult FDC for HIV-infected Ugandan children led to sustained clinical, immunologic and virologic response during 96 weeks of ART. Early initiation of ART is key to achieving virological success. 相似文献102.
Camparo P Egevad L Algaba F Berney DM Boccon-Gibod L Compérat E Evans AJ Grobholz R Kristiansen G Langner C Lopez-Beltran A Montironi R Oliveira P Vainer B Varma M 《APMIS : acta pathologica, microbiologica, et immunologica Scandinavica》2012,120(4):298-304
Whole slide imaging (WSI) has been used in conjunction with virtual microscopy (VM) for training or proficiency testing purposes, multicentre research, remote frozen section diagnosis and to seek specialist second opinion in a number of organ systems. The feasibility of using WSI/VM for routine surgical pathology reporting has also been explored. In this review, we discuss the utility and limitations of WSI/VM technology in the histological assessment of specimens from the prostate. Features of WSI/VM that are particularly well suited to assessment of prostate pathology include the ability to examine images at different magnifications as well as to view histology and immunohistochemistry side-by-side on the screen. Use of WSI/VM would also solve the difficulty in obtaining multiple identical copies of small lesions in prostate biopsies for teaching and proficiency testing. It would also permit annotation of the virtual slides, and has been used in a study of inter-observer variation of Gleason grading to facilitate precise identification of the foci on which grading decisions had been based. However, the large number of sections examined from each set of prostate biopsies would greatly increase time required for scanning as well as the size of the digital file, and would also be an issue if digital archiving of prostate biopsies is contemplated. Z-scanning of glass slides, a process that increases scanning time and file size would be required to permit focusing a virtual slide up and down to assess subtle nuclear features such as nucleolar prominence. The common use of large blocks to process prostatectomy specimens would also be an issue, as few currently available scanners can scan such blocks. A major component of proficiency testing of prostate biopsy assessment involves screening of the cores to detect small atypical foci. However, screening virtual slides of wavy fragmented prostate cores using a computer mouse aided by an overview image is very different from screening glass slides using a microscope stage. Hence, it may be more appropriate in this setting to mark the lesional area and focus only on the interpretation component of competency testing. Other issues limiting the use of digital pathology in prostate pathology include the cost of high quality slide scanners for WSI and high resolution monitors for VM as well as the requirement for fast Internet connection as even a subtle delay in presentation of images on the screen may be very disturbing for a pathologist used to the rapid viewing of glass slides under a microscope. However, these problems are likely to be overcome by technological advances in the future. 相似文献
103.
Varma M Chai JK Meguid MM Laviano A Gleason JR Yang ZJ Blaha V 《Physiology & behavior》1999,68(1-2):99-107
The product of meal number x meal size, over time, is food intake. Because estrogens modulate feeding activity via their action on the hypothalamus, and because there is a diurnal rhythm in the expression of cytoplasmic estrogen receptors and in estrogen binding activity, the present study examined the effects of ovariectomy and later hormone therapy on acute changes in body weight, and on the meal number-to-meal size relationship as reflected by food intake in the dark/light feeding patterns, in adult female rats in the intact state and after ovariectomy. Twelve female Fischer rats were randomized into ovariectomy and sham operation groups. A rat eater meter measured the feeding indexes for 15 days before and 25 days after ovariectomy, and later for 35 days with hormone therapy. We report: (a) mean body weight gain was linear before and up to ovariectomy, while exponential after ovariectomy; (b) increase in daily food consumption is mainly via an increase in food intake during the light phase; (c) light phase meal number remains unchanged, meal size significantly increases, with the resultant increase in overall food intake; (d) during the dark phase, meal size also significantly increases, but is accompanied by a proportional decrease in meal number, resulting in unchanged dark-phase food intake; and (e) estrogen restoration with either estradiol valerate or estradiol-progesterone combination, reversed the above changes. Data show that in the female Fischer 344 rat: (a) changes in daily rhythm in food intake are brought about by differential effects of the hormones on both meal size and meal number in both the total daily levels as well as in the dark-to-light distribution; (b) estadiol appears to have a tonic inhibitory effect on the light phase meal size and a phasic effect on the dark phase meal size and number, but no significant effect on the light-phase meal number; and (c) in the Fischer rats, progesterone augments estradiol's effect on these indicies. 相似文献
104.
Background
Immunisation of infants is effective and benefits the health of the children immunised as well as the community where uptake is high. Any social inequality in uptake will worsen any social inequalities that already exist.Aim
To investigate the demographic characteristics of families attending for swine flu vaccination.Design and setting
A prospective study in a semi-rural general practice in South Wales.Method
Data were collected by questionnaire, and logistic regression models were used to test for associations between potential risk factors (including family demographic characteristics and the child''s previous vaccination history) and swine flu vaccination uptake.Results
No evidence was found of any significant associations between potential risk factors and the outcome.Conclusion
This suggests that social inequality did not affect vaccination uptake in this sample. 相似文献105.
R. Raveendra Varma P. K. Narayanankutty K. Rajagopalan K. Rajeevan 《Indian journal of pediatrics》2002,69(12):987-988
This is a case report of a very rare combination of congenital aganglionosis of the intestine (Hirschsprung’s disease) and
congenital central hypoventilation syndrome-CCHS- (Ondine’s curse). The combination is also called Haddad syndrome. In about
50% of the cases of CCHS there is associated Hirschsprung’s disease. There are only about 48 cases reported worldwide. The
disease has a very high mortality especially in the settings of a developing country. 相似文献
106.
Antonio Abbate Michael C. Kontos John D. Grizzard Giuseppe G.L. Biondi-Zoccai Benjamin W. Van Tassell Roshanak Robati Lenore M. Roach Ross A. Arena Charlotte S. Roberts Amit Varma Christopher C. Gelwix Fadi N. Salloum Andrea Hastillo Charles A. Dinarello George W. Vetrovec VCU-ART Investigators 《The American journal of cardiology》2010,105(10):1371-1377
107.
Torsten Liersch Marian Grade Jochen Gaedcke Sudhir Varma Michael J. Difilippantonio Claus Langer Clemens F. Hess Heinz Becker Thomas Ried B. Michael Ghadimi 《Cancer Genetics and Cytogenetics》2009,190(2):57-65
Preoperative chemoradiotherapy is recommended for locally advanced rectal cancer (UICC stage II/III). We recently demonstrated that responsive and nonresponsive tumors showed differential expression levels of 54 genes. In this follow-up study, we investigated the relationship between this gene set and disease-free (DFS) and overall survival (OS). Pretherapeutic biopsies from 30 participants in the CAO/ARO/AIO-94 trial of the German Rectal Cancer Study Group were analyzed using gene expression microarrays. Statistical analysis was performed to identify differentially expressed genes between recurrent and nonrecurrent tumors and to correlate these changes with disease recurrence and outcome. After a median follow-up of 59 months, seven of eight patients with recurrent disease was a nonresponder, and one responsive tumor recurred. Response to chemoradiotherapy was significantly correlated with an improved DFS (log rank P = 0.028), whereas OS did not differ significantly (P = 0.11). Applying a class comparison analysis, we identified 20 genes that were differentially expressed between recurrent and nonrecurrent tumors (P < 0.001). Analyzing the first two principal components of the 54 genes previously identified to predict response, we observed that this response signature correlated with an increased risk of cancer recurrence. These data suggest that the genetic basis of local response also affects the genetic basis of tumor recurrence. Genes that are indicative of nonresponse to preoperative chemoradiotherapy might also be linked to an increased risk of tumor recurrence. 相似文献
108.
Charlotte F Kweldam Daan Nieboer Ferran Algaba Mahul B Amin Dan M Berney Athanase Billis David G Bostwick Lukas Bubendorf Liang Cheng Eva Compérat Brett Delahunt Lars Egevad Andrew J Evans Donna E Hansel Peter A Humphrey Glen Kristiansen Theodorus H van der Kwast Cristina Magi‐Galluzzi Rodolfo Montironi George J Netto Hemamali Samaratunga John R Srigley Puay H Tan Murali Varma Ming Zhou Geert J L H van Leenders 《Histopathology》2016,69(3):441-449
109.
110.
Polyclonal anti-PSA is more sensitive but less specific than monoclonal anti-PSA: Implications for diagnostic prostatic pathology 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
Varma M Morgan M Jasani B Tamboli P Amin MB 《American journal of clinical pathology》2002,118(2):202-207
Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) production by nonprostatic tissues has been reported, casting doubts on its specificity. The immunohistochemical relative specificity and sensitivity of PSA expression using monoclonal and polyclonal anti-PSA was analyzed on 60 prostate carcinomas, 40 normal seminal vesicles, and 310 nonprostatic tumors. All nonprostatic tumors proved negative with both antibodies. However, 13 (32%) seminal vesicles showed immunoreactivity with polyclonal anti-PSA, but none showed immunoreactivity with the monoclonal antibody. The sensitivity of the 2 antibodies for prostate cancer varied with tumor grade. In Gleason pattern 3, both antibodies showed diffuse immunostaining in all cases. In Gleason pattern 5, polyclonal anti-PSA showed diffuse (>95%) tumor cell positivity in 18 cases (90%), while with the monoclonal antibody, 7 cases (35%) showed only focal (<10%) tumor cell immunoreactivity. Thus, monoclonal anti-PSA seems to be useful in small gland proliferations in which the differential diagnosis includes seminal vesicle, while for poorly differentiated neoplasms, polyclonal anti-PSA is considered superior. Sections of high-grade prostate cancer should be included as positive controls for PSA immunostaining. 相似文献