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121.
Yukio Homma Yoshiyuki Akiyama Hikaru Tomoe Akira Furuta Tomohiro Ueda Daichi Maeda Alex TL Lin Hann-Chorng Kuo Ming-Huei Lee Seung-June Oh Joon Chul Kim Kyu-Sung Lee 《International journal of urology》2020,27(7):578-589
The clinical guidelines for interstitial cystitis and related symptomatic conditions were revised by updating our previous guidelines. The current guidelines define interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome as a condition with chronic pelvic pain, pressure or discomfort perceived to be related to the urinary bladder accompanied by other urinary symptoms, such as persistent urge to void or urinary frequency in the absence of confusable diseases. The characteristic symptom complex is collectively referred as hypersensitive bladder symptoms. Interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome is divided into Hunner-type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome; Hunner-type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome represent interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome with Hunner lesions and interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome without Hunner lesions, respectively. So-called non-Hunner-type interstitial cystitis featured by glomerulations or bladder bleeding after distension is included in bladder pain syndrome. The symptoms are virtually indistinguishable between Hunner-type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome; however, Hunner-type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome should be considered as a separate entity of disorder. Histopathology totally differs between Hunner-type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome; Hunner-type interstitial cystitis is associated with severe inflammation of the urinary bladder accompanied by lymphoplasmacytic infiltration and urothelial denudation, whereas bladder pain syndrome shows little pathological changes in the bladder. Pathophysiology would also differ between Hunner-type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome, involving interaction of multiple factors, such as inflammation, autoimmunity, infection, exogenous substances, urothelial dysfunction, neural hyperactivity and extrabladder disorders. The patients should be treated differently based on the diagnosis of Hunner-type interstitial cystitis or bladder pain syndrome, which requires cystoscopy to determine the presence or absence Hunner lesions. Clinical studies are to be designed to analyze outcomes separately for Hunner-type interstitial cystitis and bladder pain syndrome. 相似文献
122.
Five-week red cell storage with preservation of 2,3 DPG 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
RA Carmen ; PR Sohmer ; BS Leng ; GL Moore ; EJ Nelson ; TL Simon ; BA Myhre ; CS Marcus ; G Moroff ; LM Lewis ; et al. 《Transfusion》1988,28(2):157-161
The 2,3 diphosphoglycerate (2,3 DPG) content of red cells stored in current anticoagulant-preservative products decreases rapidly after the first few days of storage, and by 3 weeks the red cells are essentially depleted of 2,3 DPG. Because ascorbic acid and ascorbate-2-phosphate (A-2-P) are effective in maintaining erythrocyte 2,3 DPG during liquid preservation, ascorbate was stabilized through autoclaving and subsequent storage by adding it as the trisodium salt of A-2-P to a phosphate-adenine-saline solution at a pH of 8.5 to 9.0. Red cell concentrates prepared from blood drawn into citrate-phosphate-double-dextrose were supplemented with the A-2-P additive solution (AS-4) and studied in vitro and in vivo. Mean 2,3 DPG values for 22 units were 147.6, 113.5, and 82.3 percent of initial value after storage for 3, 4, and 5 weeks, respectively. Maintenance of 2,3 DPG was at the expense of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), which fell to as low as 22.2 percent of initial value after 5 weeks. Despite the low ATP values, the 24 hour 51Cr-labeled red cell recoveries averaged 80.8 and 74.1 percent after 4 and 5 weeks of storage, respectively. The AS-4 system provides a red cell product with acceptable viability and improved oxygen off-loading function. 相似文献
123.
Pradeep S Tangade Aasim Farooq Shah Ravishankar TL Amit Tirth Sumit Pal 《Ethiopian journal of health sciences》2013,23(3):255-264
Background
Toothbrushes are over-the-counter products; therefore, no special instruction is given to users when they purchase. There are scarce published studies that have investigated about how often toothbrushes should be replaced. Thus, this study aimed to verify the impact of the Progressive Toothbrush Bristle Flaring on plaque control efficacy of toothbrush.Materials and Methods
Thirty six subjects were randomly selected and underwent complete oral prophylaxis 10 days prior to the Baseline plaque recording. All subjects were provided with new similar toothbrushes and were divided into two groups. New Brush Group changed toothbrush every month and Old month Group used single toothbrush for the whole period of the study. Both groups were assessed for plaque accumulation every month using Turesky et al, (1970) modification of the Quigley and Hein (1962) plaque index. Toothbrush head was photographed and assessed by measuring the brushing surface area on standardized photographs using National Institutes of Health Image Analysis Program (USA).Results
Both groups showed similar plaque scores at the 40th day; progressive increase in the plaque scores in group without changing the toothbrush were recorded at the 70th and 100th days. As toothbrush flaring increased, the plaque scores also increased in the Old Brush Group. Highest plaque accumulation was recorded in Mandibular Lingual aspects in Old Brush Group.Conclusion
Progressive increase was seen in the plaque scores with increase in toothbrush bristle flaring. 相似文献124.
Eva K Fenwick PhD Alfred TL Gan MSc Ryan EK Man PhD Charumathi Sabanayagam PhD Preeti Gupta PhD Krystal Khoo GCSE Amudha Aravindhan MPA Tien Y Wong FRANZCO PhD Ecosse L Lamoureux PhD 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》2018,46(7):767-776
Importance
While consumption of soft drink may increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, the relationship between soft drink consumption and diabetes complications is unknown.Background
To explore the association between regular and diet soft drink consumption, and diabetic retinopathy (DR) and diabetic macular oedema (DME).Design
Clinical, cross‐sectional study.Participants
Adult patients with diabetes recruited from a tertiary eye hospital (Melbourne, Australia) answered a Food Frequency Questionnaire.Methods
None, moderate and high soft drink consumption was defined as <1, 1–4 and >4 cans/bottles (375 mL) per week, respectively. Due to missing data, data were imputed using the multiple imputation chained equation procedure. Multivariable logistic regression models determined the associations between soft drink consumption, and presence and severity of DR/DME.Main Outcome Measures
Presence and severity of DR/DME.Results
Of the 609 participants (mean age ± standard deviation: 64.6 ± 11.6 years; males = 210), 285 (46.8%) and 190 (31.2%) consumed diet and regular soft drink, respectively. A total of 230 (37.8%), 36 (5.9%), 154 (25.3%), 28 (4.6%) and 146 (24.0%) had no DR, mild non‐proliferative DR (NPDR), moderate NPDR, severe NPDR and proliferative DR (PDR), respectively. High diet soft drink consumption was independently associated with increased likelihood of having PDR (odds ratio = 2.51, 95% confidence interval = 1.05–5.98), compared to no consumption. In contrast, regular soft drink was not associated with DR or DME.Conclusions and Relevance
Consuming >4 cans (1.5 L)/week of diet soft drink is associated with a more than twofold risk of having PDR in patients with diabetes. Longitudinal studies are needed to further elucidate the association and its underpinning mechanisms. 相似文献125.
2003年1月美国的一些南方州在红细胞成分中发现了不能解释的白色颗粒物质(WPM),使得2003年成为输血医学领域颇成为有意义的一年(见本刊2003年第2期192页--编者注)。WPM最初是由美国东南部地区亚特兰大的乔治亚州红十字发现的,很快美国的其他地区也发现了这一现象。2003年 相似文献
126.
Shaheeda Mohamed MPH MRCOphth Gabriel M Leung MD Carmen KM Chan FRCSEd Timothy YY Lai MD Vincent YW Lee FRCS David TL Liu MRCS Kenneth KW Li MRCS Patrick SH Li FCOphth Dennis SC Lam MD 《Clinical & experimental ophthalmology》2009,37(6):602-608
Purpose: To identify factors associated with variability in anatomical and functional response of diabetic macular oedema (DMO) after 4 mg of intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide (ivTA), and for recurrence of macular oedema.
Design: Pooled analysis of individual data from two randomized controlled trials.
Methods: This was a multicentre study involving 107 eyes with DMO administered 4 mg ivTA. Predictive factors for response to treatment were evaluated with linear regression analysis. Factors associated with time to recurrence of oedema were studied with Cox proportional hazards modelling. Main outcome measures were maximum improvement in optical coherence tomography (OCT)-measured central foveal thickness (CFT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), final CFT and BCVA at 12 months and time to oedema recurrence.
Results: Greater reduction of retinal thickening occurred in eyes with worse baseline thickening ( P < 0.001). There was also greater improvement of visual acuity in eyes with poorer preoperative BCVA levels ( P < 0.001). Age, duration of oedema and previous macular laser treatment had no significant effect on maximal BCVA or CFT improvement. Eyes given 4 mg triamcinolone alone were more likely to develop recurrence of oedema at 12 months than those given a combination of 4 mg triamcinolone plus sequential laser (hazard ratio 2.60 [95% confidence interval: 1.45–4.67]).
Conclusion: Baseline OCT-measured retinal thickening and BCVA are important predictors of maximal anatomical and functional response of DMO to ivTA, respectively. Combination treatment strategy using sequential laser therapy may have a role in delaying recurrence of oedema after triamcinolone. 相似文献
Design: Pooled analysis of individual data from two randomized controlled trials.
Methods: This was a multicentre study involving 107 eyes with DMO administered 4 mg ivTA. Predictive factors for response to treatment were evaluated with linear regression analysis. Factors associated with time to recurrence of oedema were studied with Cox proportional hazards modelling. Main outcome measures were maximum improvement in optical coherence tomography (OCT)-measured central foveal thickness (CFT) and best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), final CFT and BCVA at 12 months and time to oedema recurrence.
Results: Greater reduction of retinal thickening occurred in eyes with worse baseline thickening ( P < 0.001). There was also greater improvement of visual acuity in eyes with poorer preoperative BCVA levels ( P < 0.001). Age, duration of oedema and previous macular laser treatment had no significant effect on maximal BCVA or CFT improvement. Eyes given 4 mg triamcinolone alone were more likely to develop recurrence of oedema at 12 months than those given a combination of 4 mg triamcinolone plus sequential laser (hazard ratio 2.60 [95% confidence interval: 1.45–4.67]).
Conclusion: Baseline OCT-measured retinal thickening and BCVA are important predictors of maximal anatomical and functional response of DMO to ivTA, respectively. Combination treatment strategy using sequential laser therapy may have a role in delaying recurrence of oedema after triamcinolone. 相似文献
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