A new radioimmunoassay for the detection of small amounts of white cells and platelets in red cell concentrates: implications for blood transfusion

In the procedure for quality control of red cell concentrates, made white cell (WBC)-poor by filtration, the particle-counting technique was found to be insufficiently sensitive in detecting the remaining WBCs and platelets. Therefore, direct radioimmunoassays were developed using murine monoclonal antibodies specific for platelets, granulocytes, and T lymphocytes. The sensitivity for platelets was 40 x 10(3) per mL, that for granulocytes was 10 x 10(3) per mL (starting from 0.2 mL of red cell filtrate), and that for T lymphocytes was 0.006 x 10(6) per mL (starting from 5 mL) and 0.0015 x 10(6) per mL (starting from 50 mL). These direct assays were used in experiments on filtration with three types of filters: the Cellselect B-1005, B-1014 and the B-1013 (bedside filter). After filtration of 1 unit of blood cell suspension through the B-1005, the number of remaining platelets was found to vary between less than or equal to 0.04 x 10(6) and greater than 15 x 10(6) per mL (n = 16); after filtration through the B-1013 filter, the remaining platelets were greater than 0.04 x 10(6) per mL. Upon filtration of a second unit of blood cell suspension through the B-1013 filter, the number of remaining platelets varied between less than or equal to 0.04 x 10(6) and 5 x 10(6). In both filter types, the number of remaining granulocytes was always less than 0.01 x 10(6) per mL. A study of T-lymphocyte contamination revealed that, upon filtration of 1 unit of blood through the B-1005, T-lymphocyte numbers were less than or equal to 0.0015 x 10(6) to 0.15 x 10(6) per mL (starting from 5 and 50 mL); upon filtration through the B-1013 filter, the number of remaining T lymphocytes varied between less than or equal to 0.006 x 10(6) and 0.2 x 10(6) per mL (starting from 5 mL). After filtration of a second unit of blood cell suspension through the B-1013 filter, the number of remaining T lymphocytes ranged from less than or equal to 0.006 x 10(6) to 0.1 to 0.5 x 10(6) per mL (starting from 5 mL). The direct radioimmunoassay is an improvement over the present electronic particle-counting techniques with regard to both sensitivity and specificity and may therefore be useful in quality control procedures in blood transfusion as well as in the development of new filters.     

甲壳素微结晶分散体系的研制：一种新的甲壳素溶解环试验

目的:鉴定细菌是否分泌甲壳素酶,并分解利用甲壳素的经典方法是甲壳素缺刻试验,但其需时较长,结果不明显,为解决以上缺点,研制甲壳素微结晶分散体系,拟创造一种新的实验方法甲壳素溶解环试验,并探讨其影响因素。方法:实验于2005-04/2006-12在浙江省医学科学院医学生物工程研究所完成。①通过高温高压、超声等综合手段,制备乳白色的甲壳素微结晶分散体系,并进行透射电镜观察。②采用制备的甲壳素微结晶分散体系,制造甲壳素培养基,取副溶血弧菌和致病性大肠杆菌44815菌悬液106cfu/mL各1μL,分别注入甲壳素培养基中,37℃培养72h,如接种点周围出现明显的透明环,即为阳性,反之为阴性。③制备2%,1%,0.5%3种不同浓度的NaCl及相应8.0,7.0和6.0不同pH值组合的3种甲壳素培养基,分别接种副溶血弧菌菌悬液106cfu/mL各1μL,37℃培养72h后测量溶解环直径。④菌量和培养温度的影响:将3种浓度菌悬液(108,106和104cfu/mL)各1μL注入甲壳素培养基中,37℃培养72h;固定菌量(2.8×106cfu/mL)接种后,分别在40℃、37℃和25℃培养72h,测量溶解环直径。结果:①成功制备了甲壳素微结晶分散体系,甲壳素浓度为4%,微粒粒径<0.5μm。②培养72h后,接种副溶血弧菌甲壳素培基上呈现阳性反应。③在NaCl浓度为2.0%,pH为8.0环境条件下,溶解环直径最大。④在菌量108￣104cuf/mL范围内,菌量与溶解环直径大小呈正比,但最适浓度为106cuf/mL;在37℃环境中溶解环直径最大。结论:①甲壳素溶解环试验是鉴定细菌能否分泌甲壳素酶、并分解利用甲壳素的一种直观、快速、准确的方法。②甲壳素培养基NaCl、pH值、培养温度及菌量等对甲壳素溶解环试验均有直接的影响。     

COMPARATIVE EFFICACY AND TOLERABILITY OF NISOLDIPINE COAT CORE AND HYDROCHLOROTHIAZIDE IN MILD-TO-MODERATE HYPERTENSION

This study compared the efficacy and tolerability of nisoldipine coat core (CC) 10-40 mg o.d. and hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) 25-50 mg o.d. Patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension received either nisoldipine CC 10 mg o.d. or HCTZ 25 mg o.d. Treatment was titrated at two-weekly intervals as necessary. The primary efficacy endpoint was a defined reduction in diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Response rates were similar for both the nisoldipine CC- and HCTZ-treated groups (74% and 70%, respectively). Secondary efficacy endpoints were reductions in both diastolic and systolic blood pressures (SBP). At treatment endpoint, the change from baseline in SBP was 16.2 mmHg for the nisoldipine CC group and 14.9 mmHg for the HCTZ group. Both drugs were well tolerated, and adverse events were generally minor and typical of these antihypertensive agents. Drug-related adverse events were greater in the nisoldipine CC- than the HCTZ-treated patients (50% and 37%, respectively). Nisoldipine CC was shown to demonstrate antihypertensive efficacy similar to HCTZ in the treatment of mild-to-moderate hypertension.     

犬自体肺组织瓣修补食管壁部分缺损的可行性

目的:分析犬自体肺组织瓣修补食管壁部分缺损的可行性。方法:实验于2003-01/2004-11在中国医科大学附属第二医院动物实验室完成。选用健康成年杂种犬20只,按随机数字表法分为2组,即支架组和无支架组,每组10只。20只实验犬经右胸第5肋间进胸,于胸内中段食管处胸内食管侧壁制成长4cm,环1/2~2/3周径全层缺损。于相应部位选择适当的肺组织,制成带蒂类舌状肺组织瓣。两组均将肺组织瓣覆盖并缝合固定于食管缺损处,支架组于食管缺损内衬自扩性记忆合金支架(管腔直径2.0cm、长6.0cm)并固定。术后抗炎及营养支持治疗。观察实验犬术后情况,并于术后2,4,6,8,10和12周定期处死实验犬行组织学观察。结果:无支架组实验犬存活7只,其中1只犬存活>24个月;支架组存活6只。①实验犬术后一般情况:存活犬于术后均能正常经口进食,早期有进食后呕吐,再吃下呕吐食物的现象,以支架组明显。②组织学观察结果:术后2周,无支架组均可见替代物表面有胶原及炎性渗出物,边缘见1~2层鳞状上皮细胞;支架组除有无支架组基本表现外,可见支架固定良好,光镜下见网架压迫处有较多中性粒细胞浸润。4~6周,两组均可见替代物表面有新生的3~5层复层鳞状上皮细胞;支架组见支架已基本陷入黏膜层内。8~10周,两组均可见管腔表面有6~8层新生复层鳞状上皮细胞;支架组网架边缘瘢痕组织增生,支架完全被包裹,炎症较重的局部有细胞爬行中断现象或新生细胞层数较薄,多为一两层。结论:应用自体肺组织瓣修补食管壁部分缺损是可行的,但支架组支架对食管修补处组织刺激大,炎性反应重,瘢痕重,因此如何选择合适的支撑物是今后替代节段性食管缺损面临的重要问题。     

Improvement of platelet storage conditions by using new polyolefin containers

BACKGROUND : Storage of pooled platelet concentrates (PCs) with yields above 3.0 × 10¹¹ platelets per unit in a 1-L PL-732 polyolefin container for 5 days often results in a drop in pH to below 6.0. Recently, new oxygen-permeable platelet containers (1-L PL-2410, 1-L and 1.5-L Compoflex) have been developed. The maximal platelet storage capacities of the new containers and the PL-732 were compared. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS : Large platelet pools (n = 27) with platelet concentrations between 1.2 and 1.4 × 10¹¹ per L were made from 3 to 5 PCs prepared from buffy coats. The pools were divided in equal volumes among the PL-732 and the three new platelet containers. Platelet counts in the PCs ranged from 1.0 to 5.0 × 10¹¹ per unit. All PCs were stored on a flatbed shaker at 22 ± 2°C and evaluated on Days 1, 3, 5, and 7 by measuring platelet count, pH, pO₂, pCO₂, HCO₃-, glucose, lactate, platelet swirling, and soluble p-selectin. RESULTS : Day 7 storage of PCs (n = 6) with yields between 3.0 and 4.0 × 10¹¹ platelets in PL-732 showed mean ± SD pH values of 5.93 ± 0.05 and lactate values of 32.3 ± 7.9 mmol per L; in 4 of these 6 PCs, pH was below 6.0. In contrast, storage of these PCs in 1-L PL-2410 and 1.5-L Compoflex containers and of 2 of these 6 PCs in 1-L Compoflex containers showed pH values above 6.8. Lactate values were 15.5 ± 1.3, 15.3 ± 1.8, and 19.5 ± 4.7 mmol per L, respectively (p < 0.001 vs. PL-732). The platelet storage capacity of the new containers with platelet yields between 4.0 and 5.0 × 10¹¹ per unit (n = 6) was evaluated. Day 7 storage of these PCs in the 1.5-L Compoflex showed an average pH value of 6.74 ± 0.20; in 2 of 6 PCs, pH was below 6.8. The average pH value in the PL-2410 was 6.38 ± 0.31, and in all PCs, pH was below 6.8. Average lactate values were 17.8 ± 5.7 and 25.8 ± 5.6 mmol per L (p < 0.05), respectively. Soluble p-selectin values on Day 7 of storage increased approximately twofold in all PCs. CONCLUSION : The new oxygen-permeable containers showed platelet quality comparable to that with the PL-732 and for longer storage periods and at higher platelet counts.     

中药材X-射线衍射图谱研究

为探讨中药材道地性的客观规律,以期建立相应的评估指标系统,本文选择常用中药材茜草类、贝母类、山药类三组样品,应用X-射线粉末衍射法进行图谱分析,获得了可用于标识中药材的衍射图形几何拓扑规律与图谱特征标记峰,由此观察到:不同产地茜草样品的相似性及其与欧茜草的差别;同属不同种贝母样品的相似性与差异;不同产地山药样品的相似性及与伪品的区别。本文结果预示着这一方法在揭示中药材道地性客观规律方面的广阔应用前景。