脑死亡状态巴马小型猪肺水含量及肺超微结构变化

目的:观察脑死亡状态下巴马小型猪肺水含量及肺组织常规及超微结构改变。方法:实验于2003-08/2004-12在河南省实验动物中心及河南省病理学重点实验室完成。选用健康巴马小型猪11只,采用随机数字表法随机分为2组,对照组5只,脑死亡组6只。对照组持续麻醉维持24h,不建立脑死亡模型,24h后撤除麻醉,动物苏醒后处死;脑死亡组6只,应用改进的缓慢间断颅内加压法建立脑死亡模型,判定脑死亡后通过呼吸、循环支持维持动物脑死亡状态24h,24h后撤除呼吸、循环支持,动物心肺死亡。维持脑死亡状态下巴马小型猪的生命体征达到脑死亡供体要求,即平均动脉压≥60mmHg(1mmHg=0.133kPa),血氧饱和度≥95%,血氧分压≥100mmHg,体温≥35℃,中心静脉压≤10~12mmHg,血流动力学稳定。观察脑死亡组动物脑死亡24h后肺组织肺水含量、肺脏常规组织形态(光镜,苏木精-伊红染色)及超微结构变化(电镜),并与对照组比较。结果:脑死亡组1只动物在脑死亡造模过程中因心肺死亡脱失。①两组动物肺水含量比较:脑死亡组肺水含量显著高于对照组[(0.83±0.00,0.76±0.02)g/g(P<0.05)]。②两组动物肺脏常规组织形态及超微结构变化:脑死亡组动物肺组织光镜下见肺间质弥漫性水肿,肺泡间隔增宽,肺泡腔有渗出液,局灶性肺不张,肺毛细血管充血;电镜下可见肺泡Ⅱ型上皮细胞线粒体肿胀,线粒体嵴存在排列紊乱、消失,微绒毛缺失,板层小体数量减少、脱颗粒,结构有破坏。对照组光镜及电镜下未见明显的损伤性变化。结论:脑死亡状态可导致肺水含量增加,肺组织出现损伤性改变,可能对移植后肺组织功能造成一定影响。     

A confrontational naming task produces congruent increases and decreases in PET and fMRI.

This work uses the well-established (by PET) confrontation naming task to compare PET and fMRI in a cognitive activation experiment. The signal changes from this task are much less than the changes caused by visual or motor activation tasks used in previous comparisons. ANOVA methods adjusted for multiple comparisons were used to determine significant changes in signal between confrontation naming and figure size discrimination tasks. All 17 significantly increased regions (confrontation naming signal greater) seen on one modality were increased on both modalities. Ten of 13 regions that were significantly decreased on one modality were decreased on the other. Three mismatched regions showed a significant decrease on one modality and a nonsignificant increase on the other. This study could not detect a consistent difference in activation site location between PET and fMRI.     

Overweight and obesity among patients attending a Nigerian oral surgery clinic: implications for oral surgical practice in Nigeria

Aim

To determine the prevalence of overweight and obesity among patients attending oral and maxillofacial outpatient clinic of the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria; and discuss the clinical and surgical implications that obesity has on the delivery of oral and maxillofacial surgical and anaesthetic care.

Methods

Consecutive patients presenting to the oral and maxillofacial surgery outpatient clinic at the Lagos University Teaching Hospital, Nigeria over a 4-month period (May–August 2004) were screened for age, sex, height and weight. All of the patients were treated for dentoalveolar surgical procedures (routine and surgical extractions), incisional and excisional biopsies, and enucleation under local anaesthesia.

Results

The BMIs of the studied patients ranged from 16.7 to 39.8 kg/m², with a mean of 24.6 ± 4.5 kg/m². Prevalence of excess weight was 39.1%. Thirty-one (11.4%) patients were obese and 75 (27.7%) patients were overweight. A significant difference was observed in the BMIs of male and female patients (P=0.000). The age groups < 30 years had mean BMIs that were considered normal; whereas other age groups above 30 years had mean BMIs that were considered overweight. Prevalence of obesity increases with increasing age. Obese individuals were seen in all the age groups except those < 20 years.

Conculsions

The prevalence of excess weight (overweight and obesity) in patients presenting in the studied oral and maxillofacial outpatient setting was 39.1%. Oral and maxillofacial surgeon needs to be aware of obesity-/overweight-related medical and surgical issues and take them into consideration when treating these patients.     

Physical activity is associated with clinically important differences in health-related quality of life among rural and small-town breast cancer survivors

Purpose  

The primary purpose of this study was to examine differences in health-related quality of life and fatigue between rural and small-town (RST) breast cancer survivors meeting and not meeting public health physical activity (PA) recommendations.