Subfascial endoscopic perforator ligation: An analysis of early clinical outcomes and cost

Purpose: Early results of subfascial endoscopic perforator surgery (SEPS) were examined. Data on ulcer healing, complications, and costs are presented.Methods: Data were prospectively collected for all patients who underwent SEPS at our institution. A concurrent control group was not available because primary open perforator ligation is no longer performed at our hospital. Preoperative assessment included duplex scanning (valve closure times and perforator mapping), plethysmography, and phlebography. Completeness of therapy was assessed with postoperative duplex mapping of perforating veins. Clinical status was monitored after surgery, and actual costs, including equipment, personnel, and facilities management, are reported.Results: Eighteen procedures were performed in 15 patients (mean age, 52 years; range, 42 to 65 years). Two patients underwent bilateral SEPS, and one patient underwent a second procedure on the same leg. Active ulceration (class 6) was present in 14 of 18 limbs (78%), recently healed ulcers (class 5) in two of 18 (11%), and lipodermatosclerosis with edema (class 4) in two. Deep venous insufficiency was present in 14 of 18 (78%). The number of perforating veins ligated per leg ranged from 0 to 12 (mean, 4.3). Follow-up ranged from 3 to 64 weeks (mean, 22 weeks). Complete ulcer healing occurred in eight of 14 limbs (57%) at a mean of 14 weeks. Reduction in ulcer size was noted in four of 14 (29%), and two limbs were not improved. There were no new ulcers. Residual perforating veins were noted in four of 18 limbs. None of the limbs with residual perforating veins had complete healing of ulceration. Operating room costs were higher than those associated with limited-incision open perforator ligation ($2570 vs $1883).Conclusion: These preliminary data suggest that when used as part of a treatment plan to correct deep and superficial venous insufficiency SEPS results in a high rate of wound healing, with no recurrent ulceration in this series. Increased operating room costs associated with longer operations and greater disposable expenses will likely be overcome by shortened length of stay and diminished wound complications. These findings emphasize the importance of ligating all incompetent perforating veins, as ulcer healing was never achieved when residual perforating veins were found at follow-up. (J Vasc Surg 1997;25:995-1001.)     

臂丛神经根性撕脱伤的治疗

神经移位术是治疗臂丛根性撕脱伤的主要方法。臂丛丛外移位神经包括肋间神经(Tsuyama1969)、副神经(Kotani1970)、颈丛运动支(Brunelli1977)、膈神经(顾玉东1970)、健侧颈7神经根(顾玉东1986)等。其中，健侧颈7根移位神经纤维数量最多，安全有效，已被国内外广泛应用。近年来，胸腔镜下超长切取膈神经，有效缩短了神经再生时间。对颈5、6根性撕脱伤，改良的Oberlin术式——臂丛丛内部分尺神经或正中神经移位修复肌皮神经肱二头肌支，手术简单，屈肘功能疗效肯定；同侧颈7根移位术有效且能恢复多组肌肉功能。对颈8胸1根性撕脱伤，肌皮神经肱肌肌支移位修复正中神经屈指肌束或骨间前神经以恢复屈指功能。对全臂丛根性撕脱伤，改良的Doi术式——双股薄肌移位联合神经移位较好恢复了手握持功能；肢体短缩，健侧颈7移位直接修复正中、尺神经，能恢复屈拇屈指功能，但手内肌功能仍无恢复。如何重建手内肌仍需作进一步探索。     

经腹膜外径路行胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术

目的：探讨因股动脉狭窄无法行腔内隔绝术治疗的胸术动脉夹层动脉瘤病例的腔内微创治疗。方法：回顾性分析1998年9月至2001年12月收治的Stanford B型胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤合并双侧髂股动脉粥样硬化性狭窄的21列。结果：21例患均采用腹膜外径路显露单侧髂总动脉或腹主动脉下段，行胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术，即时操作成功率100％，结论：对于部分股动脉扭曲狭窄的患，经腹膜外径路行胸主动脉夹层动脉瘤腔内隔绝术是一条行之有效的治疗方法。     

湿润烧伤膏抗感染作用的实验研究

我们采用大鼠20%Ⅲ度烫伤创面接种绿脓杆菌 ATCC-27853作为实验治疗模型,旨在评价湿润烧伤膏外用治疗烧伤的防治感染功效。于接种绿脓杆菌后10分钟、8小时、24小时和48小时开始外用湿润烧伤膏治疗,并以1%的 Ag-SD 霜,1.2%的 Ag-FLX 霜和基础霜剂作为对照。治疗48小时后送血培养,痂下细菌计数及组织病理学检查,以此作为评价指标。4种外用药物在体外对绿脓杆菌,大肠杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌做抑菌试验,结果表明,Ag-FLX 抗菌作用和疗效最强,Ag-SD 次之,而湿润烧伤膏的各项指标和基础霜剂间差异无显著意义(P>0.05)。说明湿润烧伤膏在防治烧伤感染方面几乎没有作用。     

皮下注射血管内皮生长因子基因提高大鼠背部随意皮瓣活力的实验研究

目的 探索基因治疗在组织移植方面的方法。应用 构建并体外扩增表达质粒pcDNA3.1/Zeo( )-VEGF165，以之直接皮下注射转染SD大鼠背部随意皮瓣模型。通过与对照组相比较，观察其对皮瓣活力的影响，并采集组织行免疫组化检查。结果 基因转染组在毛细血管周围及肌间隙可见VEGF的沉积，与对照组相比皮瓣的平均成活面积显著增加。结论 皮下注射的基因在组织中能够表达VEGF，增加皮瓣活力，是一种简单有效的基因治疗方法。     

下肢深静脉功能不全诊治的实验和临床研究

目的研究治疗不同程度下肢原发性深静脉瓣膜功能不全的有效方法。方法①观察以自体大隐静脉片、自体阔筋膜片和人造血管片作深静脉瓣膜包窄术的效果;②分别采用股或静脉瓣修复加包窄术、股或（和）静脉瓣包窄术、股浅静脉瓣修复和包窄加静脉瓣包窄术、自体带瓣腋静脉段静脉移植外加人造血管环包术、股静脉瓣包窄加静脉外代瓣术、静脉外代瓣术,共治疗１２１例（１３３条患肢）;③以静脉插管造影和彩色多普勒超声检查作为诊断和评估疗效的观察指标。结果①以膨体聚四氟乙烯人造血管片作包窄材料的效果最好;②彩超检查与静脉造影比较准确率为９１８６％;③本组患者平均随访３７８年,治愈率９１７３％。结论治疗下肢深静脉瓣膜功能不全,应根据病情选用不同的手术方法。     

未成熟树突状细胞诱导协调性异种胰岛移植耐受的研究

目的　研究未成熟树突状细胞 (DC)在协调性异种胰岛移植中的免疫耐受诱导作用。方法　分别应用 2 0 μg/L粒细胞集落刺激因子 (GM CSF)和 5 0 0 μg/LGM CSF 2 0 0 μg/L白细胞介素4 (IL 4) ,从BALB/c受鼠骨髓培养未成熟DC及成熟DC ,然后负载Wistar大鼠的主要组织相容性复合物 (MHC)抗原。将两种DC回输至糖尿病小鼠体内 ,7d后分别将Wistar大鼠和SD大鼠胰岛移植于糖尿病小鼠左肾包膜下 ,监测移植物存活情况 ,检测T细胞增殖反应 ,并进行病理切片检查。结果　负载MHC抗原成熟DC预处理的BALB/c小鼠体内胰岛迅速被排斥 ,负载MHC抗原未成熟DC预处理的BALB/c小鼠胰岛存活时间明显延长 (P <0 .0 1 ) ,但以SD大鼠作为供者的胰岛移植物迅速被排斥。耐受鼠的脾细胞对Wistar大鼠脾细胞的增殖反应微弱 ,而排斥鼠脾细胞则出现明显增殖反应。结论　未成熟DC预处理受者可诱导T细胞无能 ,并有效延长异种胰岛移植后的存活时间。     

国人妇女眉型分类计算机图像库建立研究

计算机图像处理系统已应用于美容整形外科，为了更好地使计算机图像处理系统在临床上发挥作用，作者利用计算机系统对１００名正常国人实时采集图像、边缘提取，并按边缘形态进行眉型分类、建立计算机图像库。该库用之于眉美容整形，效果满意。结果表明：计算机图像处理技术用于眉美容整形的模拟和效果预测是可行的     

腹部手术后早期炎性肠梗阻的处理

目的腹部手术后早期发生的肠梗阻原因较复杂,处理亦较困难,尤其是炎性肠梗阻,既有麻痹性因素,亦有机械性因素,使外科医师的医疗决策难以取舍,如是否需要手术、手术的时机、以及手术可能造成的并发症等均值得探讨。我科自1987年至1996年12月共收治了重型术后炎性肠梗阻48例,40例(83.3%)经非手术治疗痊愈;7例(14.6%)于症状消退后择期手术治疗并存症后治愈,1例2.1%死亡,临床非手术治疗时间为9～58天,平均27.6±10天,取得较满意的结果,为这种类型的肠梗阻治疗提供了一些经验。     

反流轴型岛状耳廓瓣修复大面积鼻翼缺损

目的：寻求耳廓复合组织片游离移植时面积受限之解决方法。方法：于29具成人灌注尸体标本，进行额、鼻、颞部血管解剖观测，并进行临床实践。结果：颈内动脉的血流，可自滑车上动脉、框上动脉→前额动脉吻合网→颞浅动脉额支→颞浅动脉主干→颞浅动脉耳支而营养耳廓。根据解剖结果，可设计以滑车上、眶上动脉为血管蒂的跨区供血的反流轴型耳廓复合组织岛状瓣，修复大面积鼻翼缺损，临床上已应用16例，取得满意效果，结论：来自颈内动脉的血液可经前额动脉吻合网进入颈外动脉分布的耳廓及耳前，耳后组织，提供血供，可据以设计岛状耳廓复合组织瓣，修复大面积鼻翼缺损。