半夏泻心汤加减治疗肝胃不和证反流性食管炎合并反酸临床研究

目的：观察半夏泻心汤加减治疗肝胃不和证反流性食管炎合并反酸的临床疗效及对血清胃泌 素（GAS）、胃动素（MLT） 水平的影响。方法：选取80 例肝胃不和证反流性食管炎合并反酸患者,随机分为 研究组和对照组各40 例。对照组给予常规治疗,研究组在对照组基础上结合半夏泻心汤加减治疗。比较2 组 疗效,以及治疗前后中医证候评分及GAS、MLT 水平。结果：研究组总有效率为92.5%,对照组为75.0%, 2 组比较,差异有统计学意义（P＜0.05）。治疗前,2 组呃逆嗳气、吞酸烧心、胸胁胀满、情志抑郁等中医证 候评分比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;治疗后,2 组上述各项中医证候评分均较治疗前降低（P＜ 0.05）,且研究组各项评分均低于对照组（P＜0.05）。治疗前,2 组GAS、MLT 水平比较,差异无统计学意 义（P＞0.05）;治疗后,2 组GAS、MLT 水平均较治疗前升高（P＜0.05）,且研究组GAS、MLT 水平均高于对 照组（P＜0.05）。结论：半夏泻心汤加减治疗肝胃不和证反流性食管炎合并反酸疗效显著,有助于改善患者中 医证候,增强胃肠运动功能。     

腹腔镜针对复杂性胆囊及胆总管结石术中的临床决策及处理技巧

目的 探讨腹腔镜术中处理复杂性胆囊结石及胆总管结石的不同方式对手术的影响。方法回顾性分析青岛市市立医院收治的复杂性胆囊及胆总管结石患者136例,总结并归纳术中情况及相对应处理技巧及经验。结果 本研究中腹腔粘连病例占全组120例（88.2%）,其中炎症粘连73例,手术后粘连47例,术中遵循“宁伤胆囊、远离肝门”的处理原则及相应的处理技巧,98例（81.7%）腹腔粘连患者按照原定手术方式顺利完成,但22例（18.3%）腹腔粘连患者因术中胆总管或胆囊颈管辨别不清、术中发现胆囊癌变等原因施行中转开腹手术。结石嵌顿病例占全组16例（11.8%）,包括胆囊颈管及胆总管结石嵌顿,术中应用推挤法、直接取石法、液电碎石等技巧联合应用胆道镜、碎石仪及扩张球囊等设备,手术均在腹腔镜下完成。结论 腹腔粘连和结石嵌顿是腹腔镜下复杂性胆囊结石及胆总管结石手术中较常见的困难,相应的术中决策和处理技巧能够为提高患者安全、降低手术风险、减少术后并发症等提供更多的方法与思路。     

Surgical resection for non-Asian intrahepatic lithiasis: The Brazilian experience

BackgroundIntrahepatic lithiasis (IHL) is a rare disease in the western world. Complications associated with IHL include acute cholangitis, liver atrophy, secondary biliary cirrhosis, and risk for intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Liver resection is considered the treatment of choice for IHL. The objective of this study was to analyze patients who underwent liver resection for non-Asian hepatolithiasis.Methods127 patients with symptomatic non-Asian hepatolithiasis underwent resection in six institutions. Demographic data, clinical presentation, diagnosis, classification according to stone location, presence of atrophy, bile duct stricture, biliary cirrhosis, incidence of cholangiocarcinoma, treatment and postoperative course were evaluated.Results52 patients (40.9%) were male and the mean age was 46.1 years. Sixty-six patients (51.9%) presented with history of cholangitis. Stones were located in the left lobe in 63 (49.6%), and right lobe in 28 patients (22.0%). Atrophy was observed in 31 patients (24.4%) and biliary stenosis in 18 patients (14.1%). The most common procedure performed was left lateral sectionectomy in 63 (49.6%) patients, followed by left hepatectomy in 36 (28.3%), right hepatectomy in 19 (15.0%), and associated hepaticojejunostomy in 28 (22.0%). Forty-two patients (33.0%) presented postoperative complications and the most common were biliary fistula (13.3%) and surgical site infection (7.0%). Postoperative mortality was 0.7%. Intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma was observed in 2 patients (1.5%). Recurrence was identified in 10 patients (7.8%), mostly with bilateral stones and/or hepaticojejunostomy.ConclusionLiver resection is the standard treatment for symptomatic unilateral or complicated IHL with good operative results. Risk of cholangiocarcinoma was low in non-Asian patients.     

Risky Sexual Behavior Among Street Children,Adolescents, and Young People Living on the street in southern Brazil

Although adolescents living on the street tend to have unprotected sex with many partners and substance abuse, little is known about this reality in Brazil. To estimate the prevalence and factors associated with risky sexual behavior among children and adolescents living on the street in Porto Alegre and Rio Grande. A cross-sectional study was carried out using the Respondent-Driven Sampling (RDS) sampling method to quickly and efficiently access populations of difficult access. Poisson regression with robust adjustment of variance was used in the multivariate analysis. The sample consisted of 231 participants aged 10–21 years. Most were male and aged 16- 21 years. More than half (66.7%) of the respondents did not have a school bond, and 64.5% did not live with the family. Half of the sample had been living on the street for at least four years, spending 15 h or more on the street. Most (86.6%) responded that they had already used illicit drugs in their lives, and unprotected sex prevalence was 61.9%. The variables independently associated with unprotected sex were years living on the street, hours spent on the street, having a steady partner, illicit drug use, and sexual intercourse without a condom under the influence of drugs. The high prevalence of unprotected sex points to the need for intervention policies for this population to prevent the main risk factors.

     

尿素酶比活性定量分析对HP感染的诊断价值

目的 :建立幽门螺杆菌 (HP)尿素酶比活性定量分析法 ,探讨该法对慢性胃病 HP感染的诊断价值。方法 :将患者胃粘膜处理后分别检测 HP尿素酶活性 ,将定量分析法与定性方法 (粘膜涂片革蓝氏染色 ,1min尿素酶试验 ,PCR法和组织学切片 HE染色法 )进行比较。结果 :HP尿素酶比活性平均值在慢性浅表性胃炎 (CSG)慢性萎缩性胃炎(CAG)、胃溃疡 (GU)、十二指肠球部溃疡 (DU)、胃癌 (GC)组分别为 2 80 .2、389.5、342 .7、832 .0、347.5 (u/ dl) ,患者各组的比活性均明显高于正常对照组 (9.1u/ dl,P<0 .0 0 1)。该法定量检测 HP:(1)敏感性为 94.0 % ,接近于 PCR法和尿素酶法 ,而高于涂片法和组织学法。(2 )特异法为 91.1% ,与尿素酶法、涂片法和组织学法相近 ,略高于 PCR法。结论 :本研究资料提示胃粘膜 HP尿素酶比活性定量分析有助 HP感染的诊断更适用于科研及治疗后的动态观察     

前列腺癌肿瘤血管生成的研究

目的：探讨肿瘤微血管与前列腺癌生长,转移的关系。方法：应用免疫组化技术结合放射免疫测定检测第Ⅷ因子相关抗原和前列腺特异性抗原（PSA）在19例前列腺癌和40例前列腺增生中的表达和平均值及其相关关系。结果：前列腺癌组织中微血管密度（MVD）和PSA值明显高于前列腺增生,转移性前列腺癌MVD和PSA值高于非转移性前列腺癌,前列腺癌MVD与PSA呈正相关,结论：血管形成与前列腺癌的发生,发展和转移密切相关,肿瘤的增长和转移有赖于肿瘤血管的生成。     

甘油三酯增高者畸变产物耳声发射的初步观察

目的：观察甘油三酯增高者变畸变产物耳声发射（ＤＰＯＡＥ）的振幅和潜伏期的变化情况。方法：采用ＩＬＯ－Ｖ５耳动态分析仪检测３０例（５５耳）甘油三酯增高者和１８例（３６耳）正常人的ＤＰＯＡＥ的振幅和潜伏期。结果：本组病例虽无纯音听阈异常,但ＤＰＯＡＥ振幅明显下降,而潜伏振幅值和明显。结论：甘油三酯增高者耳蜗功能可能有早期的损害,ＤＰＯＡＥ的反应幅值和潜伏期在产生机制和影响因素方面有所差异。     

声门型喉癌T_3病变喉部分切除术后疗效评价

目的　探讨喉部分切除术对声门型喉癌T3 病变的可行性及修复材料的选择。方法　对 1986年 1月～ 1994年 1月 78例行喉部分切除术的声门型喉癌T3 病变患者的术式及修复方法进行了回顾性分析。结果　患者 3年、5年生存率分别为 88 5 %、75 6 % ,局部复发率 15 4%。应用了梨状窝粘膜 甲状软骨板外侧软骨膜、会厌软骨瓣及带状肌双肌双蒂瓣 3种方法修复创面 ,均获得了较好的喉功能恢复。结论　喉部分切除术是根治声门型喉癌T3 病变合理、有效的方式 ,但不能完全替代全喉切除术 ,应根据切除范围选择合理的修复方式。     

子宫内膜异位症癌抗原(CA125)检测及其临床意义

目的：探讨子宫内膜异位症与ＣＡ１２５有无相关性、提高临床子宫内膜异位症诊断雍诊断最佳途径。方法：用放射免疫测定法（ＲＩＡ）检测７９例子宫内膜异位症、７０例子宫肌瘤、６４例子宫颈癌、８０名正常育龄女性为对照。结果：子宫内膜异位症、子宫肌瘤、子宫颈癌、正常对照组阳性率分别是７９．７５％、８．５７％、１７．１９％、０．００％。前者显著高于后三者（Ｐ〈０．０１）。结论：ＣＡ１２５检测为临床诊断子宫内膜异位